1、公共英语四级-462 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).*（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).*（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).*（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).*（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).*（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、Part C(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Question
2、s 1113 are based on the following talk about the kinds of fatigue. You know have 15 seconds to read questions 1113.（分数：3.00）(1).What is one of the most common complaints people often make?A. depressionB. unhappinessC. fatigueD. overexertion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The relatively few people who do heavy
3、labour all day long almost never complain about being tired because _.A. they get used to itB. they expect to heC. they dont feel itD. they get more money（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What are the common causes of prolonged fatigue?A. depression and anxietyB. poverty and illnessC. over activity and over exer
4、tionD. under activity and under exertion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 1416 are based on the following talking about modern sailing ship. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 1416.（分数：3.00）(1).Henry the Navigator was a member of the royal family of _.A. England B. Spain C. Italy D. Portugal（分数：1.00
5、）A.B.C.D.(2).Prince Henry started his school for the purpose of _.A. helping marinersB. improving ship design and sailing methodsC. studying astronomy and mathematicsD. improving his own skill as a sailor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Comparing with his caravel, Henrys carrack was _.A. longer and slimmerB. ab
6、le to carry more sailsC. able to carry more cargoD. shorter（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 1720 are based on the following talk on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 1720.（分数：4.00）(1).Belfast has long been famous for its _.A. oil refineryB. linen textilesC. food productsD. dee
7、pwater port（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?A. SoapB. GrainC. SteelD. Tobacco（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When was Belfast founded?A. In 1177B. In 1315C. In the 16th centuryD. In the 17th century（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?A.
8、French refugees arrived.B. The harbor was destroyed.C. Shipbuilding began to flourish.D. The city was taken by the English.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Driving through snowstorm on icy roads for long distances is a most nerve-racking experience. It is a paradox that the snow,
9、 coming (21) gently, blowing gleefully in a high wind, all the while (22) down a treacherous carpet, freezes the windows, (23) the view. The might of automated man is (24) The horses, the powerful electrical systems, the deep-tread tires, all go (25) nothing. One minute the road feels (26) , and the
10、 next the driver is sliding over it, light as a (27) , in a panic, wondering what the heavy trailer trucks coming up (28) the rear are going to do. The trucks are like (29) when you have to pass them, not at sixty or seventy (30) you do when the road is dry, but at twenty-five and thirty. (31) their
11、 engines sound unnaturally loud. Snow, slush and (32) of ice spray from beneath the wheels, obscure the windshield, and rattle (33) your car. Beneath the wheels there is plenty of (34) for you to slide and get mashed to a pulp. Inch (35) inch you move up, past the rear wheels, the center wheels, the
12、 cab, the front wheels, all (36) too slowly by. Straight ahead you continue, (37) to cut over sharply would send you into a slip, (38) in front of the vehicle. At last, there is enough (39) , and you creep back over, in front of the truck now, but (40) the sound of its engine still thundering in you
13、r ears.（分数：20.00）(1).A. up B. off C. down D. on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. lies B. lays C. settles D. sends（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. blocks B. strikes C. puffs D. cancels（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. muted B. discovered C. doubled D. undervalued（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. for B. with C. into D. from（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D
14、.(6).A. comfortable B. weak C. risky D. firm（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. loaf B. feather C. leaf D. fog（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. beneath B. from C. under D. beyond（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. dwarfs B. giants C. patients D. princesses（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. what B. since C. as D. that（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. S
15、o B. But C. Or D. Then（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. flakes B. flocks C. chips D. cakes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. onto B. against C. off D. along（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. snow B. earth C. room D. ice（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. by B. after C. for D. with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. climbing B. crawling C. winding D.
16、 sliding（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. meanwhile B. unless C. whereas D. for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. sheer B. mostly C. rarely D. right（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. might B. distance C. air D. power（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. with B. like C. inside D. upon（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part
17、 A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an
18、instrument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better
19、world. Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting, but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility.In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened the doors of h
20、igher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon, working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds. The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift, education became more vocational, its object w
21、as the acquisition of practical skills and useful information.For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkwardness, in beh
22、aving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work. The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality and even prodigal
23、ity characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice. And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure for the apprenti
24、ce meant standing still, not rising.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?A. Democratic ideas started with education.B. Federalists were opposed to education.C. New education helped confirm peoples social status.D. Old education had been in tune with hierarchic
25、al society.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The difference between “gentleman-in-waiting“ and “journeyman“ is that _.A. education trained gentleman-in-waiting to climb higher laddersB. journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to himC. gentleman-in-waiting belonged to a fixed and high social classD. journ
26、eyman could do practically nothing without education（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the second paragraph, land-grant colleges _.A. belonged to the land-owning classB. enlarged the scope of educationC. was provided only to the poorD. benefited all but the upper class（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of th
27、e following was the most important for a “gentleman-in-waiting“?A. Manners.B. Education.C. Moral.D. Personality.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for the passage is _.A. Education and ProgressB. Old and New Social NormsC. New Education. Opportunities for MoreD. Demerits of Hierarchical Society（分数：
28、1.00）A.B.C.D.九、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effec
29、t supported the medical principle of “double effect, “ a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effectsa good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseenis permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to j
30、ustify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they
31、 could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death. “George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if
32、 the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “Its like surgery, “ he says. “We dont call those deaths homicides because the doctors didnt intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If youre a physician, you can risk your patients suicide as long as you dont intend to kill them.
33、“ On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Courts ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National A
34、cademy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death . Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying“ as the twin problems of
35、end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospitals, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas
36、 says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering, “ to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse. “
37、 He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear, that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension. /（分数：5.00）(1).From the first three paragraphs, we learn that _.A. doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients
38、painB. it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their livesC. the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicideD. patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements its true according to the text?A. Doctors will be h
39、eld guilty if they risk their patients death.B. Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.C. The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.D. A doctors medication is no longer justified by his intentions.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to
40、 the NASs report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is _.A. prolonged medical proceduresB. inadequate treatment of painC. systematic drug abuseD. insufficient hospital care（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive“ (line 3, paragraph 7)?A. Bold. B. Harmful.C
41、. Careless. D. Desperate.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they _.A. manage their patients incompetentlyB. give patients more medicine than neededC. reduce drug dosages for their patientsD. prolong the needless suffering of the patients（分数：1.00
42、）A.B.C.D.十、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the childs individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender.
43、In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulties coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulties adapting to life changes in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted fa
44、milies, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity.There is some relationship bet
45、ween age and childrens characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause. S
46、elf-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection.Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce
47、. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two
48、years after the divorce. Girls adjustment problems are usually, internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on bo
49、ys than on girls be explained? The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian
