1、公共英语四级-458 及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Subject: EmailA mode of _; 1Usage: In business settings, it is best used to convey key information, to confirm _; to document decision; to contact a decision maker directly.2Never say something about someo
2、ne else that you would not want that person to see.Take time to think about your _ line. 3Avoid using all _ letters in your messages. 4Tips for you to improve your digital message.Be careful about any use of sarcasm and _. 5（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Two o
3、f the most vital functions performed in any economy are _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The concept of saving is said to be at least as old as _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The two ways individuals use income are _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).If too much is spent, the economys capacity to produce will _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).T
4、here is reason for companies to invest only when people _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、Part C(总题数：3，分数：10.00)(1).Almost all companies involved in new production and development must _.A. rely on their own financial resourcesB. persuade the banks to provide long-term financeC. borrow large sums of money from fr
5、iends and people they knowD. depend on the population as a whole for finance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is _.A. repaid to its original owners as soon as possibleB. raised by the selling of shares in the companiesC. exchanged for part o
6、wnership in The Stock ExchangeD. invested in different companies on The Stock Exchange（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When the savers want their money back, they _.A. ask another company to obtain their money for themB. look for other people to borrow money fromC. put their shares in the company back on the ma
7、rketD. transfer their money to more successful company（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).How many flu deaths a year in the 1990s?A. 20,000 B. 26,000 C. 30,000 D. 36,000（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Dr. Fukuda and his colleagues reported that the virus was especially deadly in people overA. 55 B. 65 C. 75 D. 85（分数：1.00）A.B
8、.C.D.(3).According to the report, which of the following sentences is true?A. The only method of preventing the disease is to get flu vaccines.B. Dr. Morens was optimistic about the immediate future.C. As many as 87 percent of the 11,000 people who died from R. S. V. each year were 65 and older.D. T
9、he vaccine, which is made from a killed virus, can give people the flu.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).What does the expression “Where is the beef“ mean?A. The beef is lost.B. Something is not as good as described.C. The beef is not as good as it is said to be.D. The food has turned bad.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Wh
10、y are hamburgers so popular in America?A. Because they are made from beef.B. Because they are cheaper than any other kind of food.C. Because they are served quickly at a low price.D. Because hamburger is the only fast food in America.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Who started the McDonalds?A. Ray Kroc. B. Wen
11、dy.C. McDonald. D. Three old women.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why did other people want to open hamburger restaurant?A. Because hamburgers are good to eat.B. Because hamburgers are easy to make.C. Because they could sell hamburgers throughout the country.D. Because they wanted to be as successful as Kroc.
12、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training Ideally, therefore, the choice of an (21) should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, (22) , most people make several job choices during their wo
13、rking lives, (23) because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve (24) position. The “one perfect job“ does not exist. Young people should (25) enter into a broad flexible training program that will (26) them for a field of work rather than for a single (27) Unfortunately many young
14、 people have to make career plans (28) benefit of help from a (29) vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing (30) about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a Mt-or-miss (31) . Some drift from job to job. Others (32) to work in which they are unhap
15、py and (33) which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school studentsor their parents for themchoose the professional field, (34) both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high ed
16、ucational and personal (35) . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white-collar“ job is (36) good reason for choosing it as lifes work. (37) , these occupations are not always well paid. (38) a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the (39) of young people should
17、 give serious (40) to these fields.（分数：20.00）(1).A. identification B. entertainment C. accommodation D. occupation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. however B. therefore C. though D. thereby（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. entirely B. mainly C. partly D. totally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. its B. his C. our D. their（分数：1.00
18、）A.B.C.D.(5).A. since B. therefore C. furthermore D. forever（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. make B. fit C. take D. leave（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. job B. way C. means D. company（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. to B. for C. without D. with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. competitive B. competent C. competing D. compelling（分数：1.0
19、0）A.B.C.D.(10).A. little B. Few C. much D. a lot（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. chance B. basis C. purpose D. opportunity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. apply B. appeal C. stick D. turn（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. with B. for C. to D. in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. concerning B. following C. considering D. disregarding（分
20、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. preferences B. requirements C. tendencies D. ambitions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. a B. any C. no D. the（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. Therefore B. However C. Nevertheless D. Moreover（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. For B. Since C. Though D. As if（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. majority B. mass C. min
21、ority D. multitude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. proposal B. suggestion C. consideration D. appraisal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defe
22、nses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in th
23、e two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstr
24、ated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don t develop sleep di
25、sturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception
26、 of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simul
27、taneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader re-exp
28、osed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to
29、 weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.（分数：5.00）(1).Laudenslager s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity _ .A. was strengthened B. was not affectedC. was altered D. was weakened（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, the experience
30、 of helplessness causes rats to _ .A. try to control unpleasant stimuli B. turn off the electricityC. behave passively in controllable situations D. become abnormally suspicious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The reason why the mice in Ader s experiment avoided saccharin was that _ .A. they disliked its taste
31、B. it affected their immune systemsC. it led to stomach pains D. they associated it with stomach（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader s experiment was that _ .A. they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharinB. the sweetene
32、r was poisonous to themC. their immune systems had been altered by the mindD. they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals _ .A. can be weakened by conditioning B. can be suppressed by drug i
33、njectionsC. can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin D. can be altered by electric shocks（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The video game presents a world - a much simpler world than our own, where success is very clearly defined and, for a time, easily attained. Through practice, a p
34、layer can control this world for a while, He can escape from the anxieties of real life into a place where his own actions always count, where he can be a hero. When the game is over, he is neither lost nor beaten.Most video games call for some semblance of hand-and-eye coordination, and some hospit
35、als arc now using them in recovery programs for brain-damaged patients. It has been found that some patients who were otherwise thought to be unreachable have been “brought out“ through their use. Moreover, experimental research is now being conducted regarding the feasibility of video games as a te
36、st for drunken driving. Intoxicants tend to slow reaction time and impair coordination - and nowhere is this kind of impairment more measurable than on the video game playfield. Some day a poor showing at “Six-Pack Man“ may cost you your license.Video games for microcomputer are not restricted to me
37、re “twitch“ games, however. Strategy games are becoming more and more popular, and among these are the so-called “fantasy role playing“ adventures. These games allow players to construct a whole personality, choosing strengths and weaknesses from a list of possible character traits.Nowadays, more an
38、d more adolescents are crowded in electronic game houses for days to experience what they perceive to be excitement. In due course, they train their abilities in confronting with new situations, and whats more, they learn how to communicate with their targeted rivals, in a novel and friendly way. Bu
39、t there is such a large amount of criticism concerning the electronic games that they are generally seen as a way of infecting hostility and belligerence. And the managers of such business are severely criticized by the schools and parents alike. On the 6ther hand, this business seems never fading.
40、Instead, it becomes a success in many places, even if it is strictly controlled by certain policies.Video games mirror a balance between reality and our own wishes. It has become all outlet for emotion. But we should bear in mind that everything has two sides. Video games would also do harm to us if
41、 we are reduced to its prisoners.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the article, the video game player can _.A. be successful in his life if success is clearly definedB. control the world of our own for a timeC. forget about the uneasiness of real life for a whileD. never lose the game when he plays a hero（分
42、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).“Six-Pack Man“ is probably a video game that can _.A. test for drunken driving B. cost you a lot of moneyC. be a danger to public morals D. help conduct experimental research（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We can safely infer from the article that video games can NOT improve peoples _.A. abi
43、lity to handle new situations B. skills in getting along with othersC. physical power and forbearance D. hand-and-eye coordination（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors general attitude towards video games is that _.A. video games create a world which reflect our real lifeB. most video games are helpful r
44、ather than harmful to peopleC. more research should be done regarding the benefits of video gamesD. video games mirror a balance between reality and our own wishes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following most appropriately describes the authors logic of writing this passage ?A. Cite two different
45、 views concerning one issue, and then give comments of them.B. Analyze an issue and then express his own attitude.C. List different aspects of an issue and give a summary at the end.D. Cite a view at the beginning and then argue against it through giving sufficient proofs.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.十、Passage
46、3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)High-speed Internet provider At Home Corp. is buying Excite Inc. , one of the leading destinations on the World Wide Web, for about $6.7 billion in stock in one of the largest Internet company deals. The deal announced today would surpass America Online Inc. s $4.2 billion acquisitio
47、n of Netscape Communications Corp. last year. Based on closing stock prices Friday, Excite is worth about $ 3.4 billion, which would mean that At Home would be paying a huge premium. The deal could eventually give telecommunications giant AT 1Usage: In business settings, it is best used to convey ke
48、y information, to confirm _; to document decision; to contact a decision maker directly.2Never say something about someone else that you would not want that person to see.Take time to think about your _ line. 3Avoid using all _ letters in your messages. 4Tips for you to improve your digital message.Be careful about any use of sarcasm and _. 5（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：communication email）解析：解析 If you work in the business world, email is undoubtedly a big part of your life. Yet few of us who rely on email as a mode of communication even took a course in it
