1、公共英语四级-453 及答案解析(总分：104.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically semantically acceptable. You may refer to our
2、 notes.The American FamilyWe ll learn the American families from the following five aspects:. Family structures immediate familyconsisting of parents and children (1) familyconsisting of parents, children, uncles, cousins, .grandparents, ete;. The emphasis on individual freedom The primary purpose o
3、f a family is to (2) the happiness of individual members. Family name and honor are (3) important. The role of the childEmphasis on the individual may affect children in two ways: Children may get more attention and more power; Children may not get enough attention due to the fact that both parents
4、are (4) . (5) in the family. Family values clearly traditional values respecting one s (6) being (7) for ones actions; having faith in God; respecting authority; married to (8) for life; leaving the world in better shape. newer values giving (9) to other members of the family; respecting people for
5、themselves; developing greater skill in communicating ones feelings; respecting ones children; living up to ones (10) as an individual.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Before Jose Martinez set up his pizza delivery
6、 service, heA tested samples on potential clients.B handed out product questionnaires.C assessed demand in different areas.D trained staff for a few months.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Jose Martinez, the Spanish fast food businessA is different from that of the U. S.B has slowed slightly in its
7、 rate of growth.C employs an increasing number of women.D is experiencing a hard time.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Jose Martinez wants his trainee managers toA develop a competitive attitude.B try out some of the shop-floor jobs.C spend some time working abroad.D own an excellent academic records.（分数：1.00）A
8、.B.C.D.(4).Jose Martinez left the first company he worked for because itA set the staff impossible targets.B offered insufficient financial rewards.C provided inadequate support.D offered staff few promotion opportunities.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does Jose Martinez plan to do in the future?A Develo
9、p a chain of restaurants.B Set up a franchise operation.C Expand into the frozen food market.D Open more branches abroad.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：7.00)（分数：3.00）(1).The Bush and Kerry campaigns exchanged attacks regarding _.A. inflation B. budget deficitC. national security D. unemployme
10、nt rate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2)._ participated in the debate between the Bush and Kerry campaigns.A. Cheney and KerryB. Bush and KerryC. Cheney and the head of Democratic PartyD. The heads of Democratic and Republic parties（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Cheney, Kerry is in favor of _.A. cutting down
11、on expenditure on defense and intelligenceB. increasing expenditure on national defenseC. allocating more fund on environmental pollutionD. levying more tax on large businesses（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).What is the main purpose of the health care reform in the U. S.?A. To eliminate Americans medi
12、cal cost.B. To offer a government option of health insurance.C. To reduce the profit gained by private insurers.D. To help Democrats win advantage over Republicans.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What can be inferred from what House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said?A. The healthcare reform has realized the final acco
13、mplishments.B. President Obama praised progress on the healthcare issue.C. All the Americans will be happy about the healthcare reform.D. Americans have been dominated by the health insurance industry.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).President Obama is now focusing on _A stabilizing the national econom
14、yB creating money woes for many families.C addressing dally issues that create money woes.D preventing the collapse of big financial firms.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The White House advisory panel is set up to _A show cares to the middle class.B create more jobs for the middle class.C help the middle clas
15、s go through the difficult decades.D study and solve the problems the middle class faced.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The FDA may rescind its approval of Avastin, a colon-cancer drug.If the summer of 2009 was the season of “death panels,“ as the debate o
16、ver health-care reform exploded, this is the season of “17.5k dead women a year. “ Thats the body count scaremongers are predicting if the Food and Drug Administration rescinds its provisional approval of the drug Avastin for metastatic breast cancer, a decision expected by years end. Although the m
17、ove has nothing to do with the new health-care law, uncertainty about “Obama-care“ has given opponents an opening to terrify people about whats cominglike bureaucrats rationing health care to save money.The reality is far different and, for those who care more about helping cancer patients than abou
18、t scoring political points, much sadder. Thats because in 2008, when the FDA gave “fast track“ approval for Avastin in breast cancer that has metastasizedusually to the lungs, bones, liver, or brainit was conditional on the manufacturer, Genentech, running additional clinical trials of the drugs saf
19、ety and efficacy. There was good reason for that. Avastin is an angiogenesis inhibitor, a class of cancer drugs that have not lived up to their hype: although they stop one mechanism by which malignant cells grow blood vessels to sustain them, the cells often activate a different mechanism and go on
20、 proliferating.Although Avastin does extend the lives of patients with metastatic colorectal and kidney cancer, and remains FDA-approved for those uses, the new studies show it does not work the same miracle against metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Instead, Avastin increased whats called progression-
21、free survival (how long before cancer spreads or grows) by about one to three weeks, depending on which chemo agent it was paired with. But it did not keep women alive any longer than chemo alone. To some advocates, progression-free survival without an increase in overall survival is still welcome,
22、since it suggests patients have a better quality of life during their last months.But its hard to make that case for Avastin. Not only did it not keep women alive, but it also caused hypertension, hemorrhaging, bowel perforations, and other side effects. “It seems as if the drugs toxicity cancels ou
23、t any benefit,“ cancer surgeon David Gorski of the Karmanos Cancer Institute told me. Perforated bowels do not equal a better quality of life.These dismal results are what led an FDA panel to vote 121 in July to rescind the conditional approval of Avastin for MBC. Critics of health-care reform, pred
24、ictably, saw nefarious motivesin particular, evidence that Obamacare will ration expensive drugs. (Avastin costs some $88,000 a year, though few patients live that long. ) The Wall Street Journal editorialized about the “Avastin mugging,“ and Sen. David Vitter accused the FDA of “assigning a value t
25、o a day of a persons life. “If Avastin did extend lives for, lets say, $10,000 a day, Vitter might have a case. But it doesnt extend life at all. That makes allegations like the 17,500 dead women (from a right-wing blog) “utter demagoguery of the most vile and despicable sort,“ Gorski wrote on the b
26、log Science-Based Medicine.There are stories galore of women with metastatic breast cancer who are alive “because of Avastin. “ Indeed, patients have been flooding the airwaves and blogosphere with claims that Avastin helped them. But the only way to tell whether Avastin deserves the credit for keep
27、ing patients alive is through large studies. “There are always patients who live longer than average,“ biostatistician Donald Berry of the MD?Anderson Cancer Center told me. “They attribute it to the treatment; people love to make attributions. “ But when the proportion of patients alive at any give
28、n time in a study is the same whether they are receiving Avastin or notas the two large trials foundthen crediting Avastin is “very likely wrong. “ That some women did live longer on Avastin, Berry explained, “may simply reflect the natural heterogeneity of the disease and say nothing about the ther
29、apy. “Doctors can keep prescribing Avastin for metastatic breast cancer off-label, though insurers will not pay for it. Some activists welcome that. There is “no evidence of clinical benefit from Avastin, yet there is harm,“ says Fran Visco, president of the National Breast Cancer Coalition. “We nee
30、d to demand more of treatment before we unleash it on the public. “ Science-based medicine isnt always pretty. But its better than politics-based medicine, which is what some critics of the Avastin decision are practicingand much better than deluding ourselves into thinking something works when it d
31、oesnt.（分数：5.00）(1).What does “scaremonger“ mean in the second paragraph?A. A prophet who can predict what will happen in the future.B. A person who spreads frightening rumors and stirs up trouble.C. A scientist who is specialized in medicine.D. A sociologist who is concerned about social issues.（分数：
32、1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT the benefit of Avastin?A. It can help malignant cells grow blood vessels to sustain them.B. It can extend the lives of patients with metastatic colorectal and kidney cancer.C. It can extend the lives of patients with breast cancer.D. It can help patient
33、s have a better quality of life during their last months.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why may the FDA rescind its approval of Avastin?A. Because it may cause breast cancer to metastasize to other organsB. Because it did not keep women alive.C. Because it may cause side effects.D. Because its toxicity outwei
34、ghs its benefits.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Opponents criticize FDAs rescinding its approval of Avastin because_.A. Avastin is too expensiveB. they think Obama will ration health care to save moneyC. few women benefit from the use of AvastinD. Avastin is effective in dealing with cancers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(
35、5).The best title of the passage is_.A. Its not about rationing B. Why the FDA may reverse course on AvastinC. A value to a day of a persons life D. Avastin, a controversial medicine（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It was said by Sir George Bernard Shaw that “England and America are two count
36、ries separated by the same language.“ My first personal experience of this was when I worked as a camp counselor for two months in 2000 in Summer Camp run by the Boy Scouts of America, as part of an international leader exchange scheme. Before I went, all the participants in the scheme were given a
37、short list of words that are in common use in the UK which Americans would either be confused by or would even offend them. I memorized the words and thought “Ill cope“.When I finally arrived in the States three months later, I realized that perhaps a lifetime of watching American television was not
38、 adequate preparation for appreciating and coping with the differences between American and British speech. In the first hour of arriving at the camp I was exposed to High School American English, Black American English and American English spoken by Joe Public, all every different to each other. Ne
39、edless to say, I did cope in the end. The Americans I met were very welcoming and helpful, and I found they were patient with me when I made a social faux pas when I used an inappropriate word or phrase.Upon my return I began to wonder whether anyone had documented the differences between American a
40、nd British English. I found several books on the subject but often these were written in a dry and academic way. I felt that I could do better and use my sense of humor and personal experiences to help people from both sides of Atlantic to communicate more effectively when they meet.My research into
41、 the subject led me to several conclusions.Firstly, American English and British English are coveting, thanks to increased transatlantic travel and the media. The movement of slang words is mostly eastwards, though a few words from the UK have been adopted by the Ivy League fraternities, This conver
42、gent trend is a recent one dating from the emergence of Hollywood as the predominant film making center in the world and also from the Second World War when large numbers of American GIs were stationed in the UK. This trend was consolidated by the advent of television. Before then, it was thought th
43、at American English and British English would diverge as the two languages evolved. In 1789, Noah Webster stated that: “Numerous local causes, such as a new country, new associations of people, new combinations of ideas in the arts and some intercourse with tribes wholly unknown in Europe will intro
44、duce new words into the American tongue.“ He was right, but his next statement has since been proved to be incorrect. “These causes will produce in the course of time a language in North America as different from the modern Dutch, Danish and Swedish are from the German or from one another.“Webster h
45、ad underrated the mount of social intercourse between England and her former colony. Even before Webster had started to compile his dictionary, words and expressions from the America had already infiltrated the British language, for example “canoe“ and “hatchet“.Secondly, there are some generalizati
46、ons that can be made about American and British English which can reveal the nature of the two nations and their peoples. British speech tends to be less general, and directed more, in nuances of meaning, attendant murmurings and pauses, carries a wealth of shared assumptions and attitudes. In other
47、 words, the British are preoccupied with their social status within society and speak and act accordingly to fit into the social class they aspire to. This is particularly evident when talking to someone from “the middle class“ when he points out that he is “upper middle class“ rather than “middle c
48、lass“ or “lower middle class“. John Major (the former UK Prime Minister) may have said that we are now living in a “classless society“ but the class system still prevails. At that moment both he and the Leader of the Opposition, Tony Blair, were talking about capturing the “middle England“, “ middle class vote“ as the key to winning the next general election. American speech tends to be influenced by the over-heated language of much of the media, which is designed to attach an impression of exciting activity to passive, if sometimes insignificant events. Yet, cu
