1、公共英语四级-451 及答案解析(总分：105.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically semantically acceptable. You may refer to your
2、 notes.How Interpreters Work?. UnderstandingA. About words and expressions (1) words may be left out:If not knowing a key word or expression,a) admit or clarify the question if necessary, with the delegates.b) deduce from (2) B. About ideas/concepts (3) of different kinds of texts thata) present log
3、ical argumentsb) present a sequence of (4) c) are descriptive, focusing on an event, a scene or a situationidentification of the main ideasanalysis of ideas linked by (5) . Memorization of a speechA. Objectiveto create a telegraphic version of the discourseto link its different parts through its sem
4、antic-logical connectionsB. Means of memorizationconcentrating on the ideasconnecting main ideas to a series of (6) focusing on the links among the main ideas. (7) of the content in another languageA. Goal: make sure the audience understand the speech.B. Suggestions:enriching ones general vocabulary
5、 and stylefollowing the press in ones native languagewatching TV, see movies, etc. in the (8) language. ConclusionA. Interpreting is a profession that is all about communication:“make their own speech“ (9) the speeches they interpretbe faithful to the original speechas accurate as possibleB. Interpr
6、eters should take advantage of all the possible (10) available in their working languages.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Shirley Grainger had the task of _.A. making a complaint to the Actors UnionB. finding out
7、an approach to problem-solvingC. investigating into the situation for hard evidenceD. collecting anecdotal evidence that union is concerned about（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is NOT one of key findings of Shirley Grainger?A. With fewer parts, women get less experience and low pay.B. At forties, women dr
8、op out while men remain active in radio and TV.C. In radio and TV, women have half the chance of getting a part compared to men.D. Striking figures are found to confirm the unequal treatment of actors and actresses.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What do producers feel about the situation?A. They argue men dom
9、inate the professions in dramatic situations.B. They argue that women come off worse than men in terms of pay.C. They defend themselves by saying they have little power to initiate change.D. They think women and men have an equal chance of getting an acting part.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Shi
10、rley Grainger, what radio dramas should be broadcast in the afternoon?A. Dramas that cater to women audience.B. Dramas with all parts played by women.C. Dramas that have a domestic setting.D. Dramas that involve professions dominated by men.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It is hoped the Union can persuade pro
11、ducers to do something in all the following aspects EXCEPT _.A. monitoring the use of actors and actressesB. giving women more chances to practice their artC. avoiding stereotyping in deciding the gender for roleD.looking at the sort of figures they would like to be seeing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION
12、C(总题数：3，分数：6.00)（分数：3.00）(1).When did George W. Bush present a letter to Congress?A. Friday. B. Thursday. C. Tuesday. D. Monday.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Last year exports to China was boosted by _.A. 25 percent B. 24 percent C. 23 percent D. 22 percent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The annual review will continue
13、 _.A. in White House B. in the Pentagon BuildingC. in the United Nations D. on the Capitol Hill（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：2.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE of NICEs latest advice on pregnant womens drinking?A Its in contradiction to government advice. B Its sufficiently supported by evidence.C Its s
14、tricter than previous guidance. D It advocates small daily amount of alcohol.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the news, peer support schemes are aimed atA encouraging new parents to breastfeed their babies.B limiting alcohol consumption.by pregnant women.C imposing fines on expectant mothers who dr
15、ink.D providing solace to mothers addicted to alcohol.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1.What is the main message of the news item?A Young people should seek careers advice.B Careers service needs to be improved.C Businesses are not getting talented people.D Careers advice is not offered on the Internet.（分数：1.00）A.
16、B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Margaret Spellings, the secretary of education, announced a pilot reform .to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), George Bushs education law, which was passed in 2002 Up to ten states, she said, would be allowed to target their resource
17、s at the most severely struggling schools, rather than at the vast number needing improvement. The change drew a predictable mix of praise and censure. Above all, though, it was a reminder of utter inaction elsewhere,Congress, which was supposed to re-authorize the law last year, has made little pro
18、gress. On the campaign trail, concerns over Iraq and the economy have made education a minor issue. Contrary to appearances, the laws main tenets are unlikely to be abandoned completely. But for the Democratic candidates in particular, a proper debate on NCLB is to be avoided like political quicksan
19、d.Most politicians agree that the law has the right goals-to raise educational standards and hold schools accountable for meeting them. NCLB requires states to test pupils on math and reading from third to eighth grade (that is, from the ages of eight to 13), and once in high school. Some science te
20、sting is being added. Schools that do not make “adequate yearly progress“ towards meeting state standards face sanctions. Pupils in failing schools can supposedly transfer to a better one or get tutoring.Most also agree that NCLB has big flaws that must be fixed. Few pupils in bad schools actually t
21、ransfer-less than 1% of those eligible did so in the 2003-04 school year. Teachers unions say the tests are focused too narrowly on math and reading, fail to measure progress over time and encourage “teaching to the test“. They also complain that the law lacks proper funding. The Thomas B. Fordham F
22、oundation, a conservative policy group, has exposed wide gaps in state standards. Test-data reflect this. In Mississippi 90% of fourth-graders were labeled “proficient“ or better in the state reading test in 2006-07. Only 19% reached that level in a national test.John McCain, the Republican presiden
23、tial nominee, offers NCLB tepid support but fails to elaborate. At Democratic rallies, NCLB is little more than a whipping-boy. Hillary Clinton proclaims that she will “end the unfunded mandate known as No Child Left Behind“. But though she and Barack Obama deride NCLB publicly, each endorses the id
24、ea of accountability. They favor using more sophisticated “assessments“ in place of tests, want to value a broader range of skills, punish schools less and support them more. How these ideas would be implemented remains unclear.Not surprisingly, more controversial proposals can be found among those
25、not running for president. Chester Finn of Fordham thinks the federal government needs greater power to set standards, while states should have more leeway in meeting them. A bipartisan commission on NCLB has issued a slew of proposals. Particularly contentious is a plan to use pupils test scores to
26、 help identify ineffective teachers as in need of retraining.Of course, standards alone do not improve education. Both Mrs. Clinton and Mr. Obama propose a host of new programs for schools, described on their websites if rarely on campaign. But accountability is likely to remain a big part of school
27、 reform. Last April a group of philanthropists announced a $60m effort to make education the top domestic issue of 2008. So far, it looks like money ill spent.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, NCLB mainly aimed toA provide tests for pupils on maths and reading from third to eighth grade.B add s
28、ome science testing in schools for pupils aged from 8 to 13.C enhance teaching standards which schools should be responsible for meeting.D transfer pupils in failing schools to a better one or get them some tutoring.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “sanctions“ in the third paragraph meansA approval. B
29、punishment. C support. D decree.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT a weakness of NCLB?A The law has been properly funded.B Only a few pupils in bad schools transfer.C The tests are focused on nothing but maths and reading.D The tests actually encourage “teaching to the test“.（分数：1.00
30、）A.B.C.D.(4).From the descripton in the passage, we learn thatA controversial proposals can be found only among the presidential nominees.B using pupils test scores to identify ineffective teachers has been widely accepted.C both Democratic presidential nominees support the idea of accountability.D
31、neither the Republican nor the Democratic presidential nominees favor NCLB.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Genetically modified (GM) food provokes skirmishes all over the world, but the main battle is between America, which champions the stuff, and the European Union, which resists it. Propo
32、nents of GM crops say they are sage, good for the environment and may provide cheaper and better food. Opponents say GM is unnatural, dangerous and unnecessary.It is perhaps little wonder that Europeans, remembering such recent scares as mad-cow disease, have balked at the prospect of eating or grow
33、ing GM food. Americans argue that this nervousness is scientifically unjustified and serves European political-and farm-interests nicely by keeping out competition. Hence Americas willingness to arraign the Europeans before the World “grade Organization unless the EU lifts its five-year moratorium o
34、n new GM varieties.When it comes to the science. American is right. As yet another (British) panel concluded this week, there is no evidence that GM crops now in commercial cultivation are more dangerous to human health than conventional food. So there is no reason why Europeans should not eat the G
35、M food that Americans already consume by the siloful, nor why their governments should obstruct GM imports.As for growing GM crops, experience outside Europe suggests that they are no worse for the environment than normal farming, and can be better. But this is not to say that GM crops will be benig
36、n everywhere. Farming is not like medicine, with a biotech drug that cures in Peoria having the same effect in Paris. Introducing GM crops into Europe justifies rigorous testing to see how they affect local conditions. Such uncertainties are best dealt with by more research, not blanket rejection.If
37、 this research confirms that GM crops have no more detrimental environmental effects than conventional farming, they should be approved for commercial use. Thanks to scaremongering by green lobbyists and organic farmers, and much media frenzy, most European shoppers will probably remain mistrustful.
38、 But there has been some shift in opinion: hostility to GM food seems to be abating. That hostility will fall away faster should some GM food prove to be cheaper than non-GM food, which may yet happen.One reason for this is that, later this year, Europe will introduce a needlessly elaborate new sche
39、me of labelling and tracking GM foods right through the food chain, which is meant to give consumers more choice by alerting them to GM products. America criticizes the new labels partly because they single out “GM-derived“ ingredients, such as oils and sugars, which are so refined as to lack any bi
40、ological trace of genetic modification, and partly because the traceability requirements will be onerous. Yet America itself is working on tracking regulations to identify the provenance of ingredients and stem the risk of terrorist attack on its food supply. Labelling in principle is fine, where co
41、nsumers demand it, as in Europe-but the schemes do need to be well-designed.Europes farmers could benefit from some GM crops, but such gains pale by comparison with the handouts they get from the Common Agricultural Policy. As for consumers, so far GM crops have made little difference to the quality
42、 or cost of the goods in the supermarkets. The new labeling scheme may change that, by making it more costly to source wholly non-GM products. As GM technology develops, continued European rejection of GM could mean it loses out on future crops that might benefit its landscape, and boost its farm an
43、d science industries.The irony of the battle over GM food is that so much passion is being wasted on such mundane fruits of modern science. Todays GM crops are of modest advantage and risk. It is naive to argue that GM food will eradicate world hunger. Rural poverty in the developing world is a comp
44、lex problem: poor farmers need better roads, and more liberal farm policies in the rich countries, as much as they need GM crops.Instead, the value of GM technology lies more in its promise, not its present. Even if the future harvest of hardier crops and healthier foods does not materialize from th
45、e lab, the battle over GM food will have been useful. Without it, the old ways of food regulation, farm testing, commodity handling and pub. lie consultation would not have been shaken up and hauled into the 21st century. GM crops have served as seeds of change, whether or not they reap the eventuat
46、 rewards.（分数：5.00）(1).European Union resists GM food becauseA they believe that GM food might cause mad-cow disease.B they believe GM food night damage the interest of European governments.C there is evidence showing that GM food is dangerous to people.D research has proved that GM crops will do har
47、m to European environment.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the near future, GM food will become more competitive in thatA it will become more environmeni-friendly than traditional food.B it will be more beneficial to human health than traditional food.C it will outdo traditional food in quality.D it will be
48、much cheaper than traditional food.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the word mundane in the last but one paragraph mean?A Beneficial. B Ordinary. C Harmful. D Fruitful.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following adjectives best describes the authors attitude towards the benefits promised by GM technology?A Uncertain. B Ironie. C Enthusiastic. D Indifferent.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred from the passage thatA more consumers may choose GM food after new labelling is introduced.B underdeveloped countries are willing to spend more lnoney on GM food in order to erad
