1、公共英语四级-450 及答案解析(总分：92.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).The talk is mainly about tile method used to assign（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The school assigned first year student to a dorm and a（分数：1.00）
2、填空项 1:_(3).Who will get the third block of number?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Students arent expected to enter the housing lottery if they live（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Due to renovations, the dorms on North campus will be（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、Part C(总题数：4，分数：12.00)(1).In 1998, the total value transacted in e-commerc
3、e was _.A. $ 680 000 million B. $ 68 900 millionC. $ 68 900 billion D. $16 890 billion（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Some people in the metal industry think the new trend will _.A. seriously change the way they do businessB. seriously damage the way they do businessC. not seriously change the way they do busi
4、nessD. not seriously damage the way they do business（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Some people in the metal industry think only _ products will be traded on the web.A. standard and second class B. high-techC. computer and software D. industrial（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).What is the womans present position?A. An emp
5、loyee in the city council at Birmingham.B. Assistant Director of the Admission Office.C. Head of the Overseas Students Office.D. Secretary of Birmingham Medical School.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What do we learn about the postgraduates enrolled last year in the womans university?A. Nearly fifty percent ar
6、e foreigners.B. About fifteen percent are from Africa.C. A large majority are from Latin America.D. A small number are from the Far East.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What will the womans new job be like?A. She will have more contact with students.B. It will bring her capability into fuller play.C. She will
7、be more involved in policy-making.D. It will be less demanding than her present job.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).According to the radio program, which one of the following four sentences is wrong?A. Stanford University lies in California.B. Stanford accepted less than eleven percent of the students who appl
8、ied.C. Stanford has accepted an unusually low percentage of students for admission this fall.D. Stanford has accepted a lower percentage of students for admission, but not the lowest.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).High school seniors are applying to more schools probably by way of _.A. copying others applicat
9、ionsB. using common applications which are the same as othersC. sending a large number of application letters to different collegesD. electronic application forms through Internet（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).If a student is on a waiting list, it means he will _.A. wait for another year to apply again B. wai
10、t for the school to make the decisionC. go m the college if he accepts the offer D. wait until other applicants get the result（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).In the market-oriented economic system, _.A. consumers spend their money at willB. consumers spend their money in accordance with producers desireC. cons
11、umers actions in the marketplace have nothing to do with the businessmenD. consumers actions affect production greatly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How does price system in the American economic system work?A. It only regulates the relative demands of consumers.B. It only influences the supplies of seller-pr
12、oducers.C. It regulates the relative demands of consumers and suppliers offered by seller-producers.D. Price doesnt rise or fall.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the passage mainly about?A. American consumers. B. American seller-producers.C. American economic system. D. American price system.（分数：1.00）A.
13、B.C.D.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Man has been storing up useful knowledge about himself and the universe at the rate which has been spiraling upward for 10,000 years.The (21) took a sharp upward leap with the invention of writing, but even (22) it remained painfully slow for several centuri
14、es. The next great leap forward (23) knowledge acquisition did not occur (24) the invention of movable type in the 15th century by Gutenberg and others. (25) to 1500, by the most optimistic (26) Europe was producing books at a rate of 1000 titles per year. This means that it (27) a full century to p
15、roduce a library of 100,000 titles. By 1950, four and a half (28) later, the rate had accelerated so sharply that Europe was producing 120,000 titles a year. (29) once took a century now took only ten months. By 1960, a (30) decade later, the rate had made another significant jump, (31) a centurys w
16、ork could be finished in seven and a half months. (32) , by the mid-sixties, the output of books on a world (33) , Europe included, approached the prodigious figure of 900 titles per day.One can (34) argue that every book is a net gain for the advancement of knowledge. Nevertheless we find that the
17、accelerative (35) in book publication does, in fact, crudely (36) the rate at which man discovered new knowledge. For example, prior to Gutenberg (37) 11 chemical elements were known. Antimony the 12th, was discovered (38) about the time he was working on his invention. It was fully 200 years since
18、the 11th, arsenic, had been discovered. (39) the same rate of discovery continued, we would by now have added only two or three additional elements to the periodic table since Gutenberg. (40) , in the 450 years after his time, certain people discovered some seventy additional elements. And since 190
19、0 we have been isolating the remaining elements not at a rate of one every two centuries, but of one every three years.（分数：20.00）(1).A.accumulationB. developmentC. knowledgeD. rate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A.soB.ifC. thenD.when（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A.toB.byC. fromD.in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A.untilB.sinceC.w
20、henD.before（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A.AsB.DueC.PriorD.Next（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A.examplesB.estimatesC.evidenceD.evaluation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A.would takeB.had takenC.was takingD.would have taken（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. decadesB. centuriesC. dozensD. years（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A.ThisB.TheseC.ItD.What（分数：
21、1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. plainB. historicC. singleD. eventful（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A.now thatB.so thatC.asD.when（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A.HoweverB.ButC. AndD.Therefore（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. scopeB. sphereC. scaleD. stretch（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. thereforeB. hardlyC. accordinglyD. therefore（分数：1.00）A.B.
22、C.D.(15).A.lineB.circleC. diagramD.curve（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. fitB. likeC. resembleD. parallel（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A.aboutB.onlyC.more thanD.less than（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A.inB.atC.onD. for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A.AsB.HadC.IfD.With（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A.In additionB.In turnC.InsteadD.In particu
23、lar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In 1957 a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is sometimes called “flu“ or a “bad cold“. He took samples from the throats
24、of patients, and his hospital was able to find the virus of this influenza.There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are Type A and B, each of them having several subgroups. With the instrument of the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a
25、virus in Group A, but he did not know the subgroup. Then he reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W. H. O. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15%20% of the population had become ill.As soon as the London doctors
26、received the package of throat samples, doctors began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at very high speed, the virus had grown more than a milion times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs against all the known subgroups of
27、 Type A virus. None of them gave any protection. This, then, was something new, a new influenza virus, against which the people of the world had no help whatever.Having found the virus they were working with, the two doctors now dropped it into the noses of some specially selected animals, which got
28、 influenza as much as human being did. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appealed. These experiments proved that the new virus was easy to catch, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public, called it simply Asian Flu.The first discovery of the virus, however, was
29、made in China before the disease had appeared in other countries. Various reports showed that the influenza outbreak started in China, probably in February of 1957. By the middle of March it had spread all over China. The virus was found by Chinese doctors early in March. But China was not a member
30、of the World Health Organization and therefore did not report outbreaks of the disease to it. Not until two months later, when travellers carried the virus into Hong Kong, from where it spread to Singapore, did the news of the outbreak reach the rest of the world. By this time, it was well started o
31、n its way around the world.Thereafter, W. H. O.s weekly reports described the steady spread of this great virus outbreak, which within four months swept through every continent.（分数：5.00）(1).The doctor in Singapore performed a valuable service by _.A. finding the subgroup of the virus B. developing a
32、 cureC. keeping his patients apart from others D. reporting the outbreak to W. H. O.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).One interesting thing about the virus in the story was that it _.A. was especially weak B. was similar to other virusesC. could reproduce at great speed D. had samples frozen and packed in dry ic
33、e（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The type of influenza discussed in this story _.A. had been classified years before B. could not be cured by any known drugC. could be prevented from spreading D. could not affect adults（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The experiments in giving the virus to animals proved that this type of
34、 influenza was easy to catch _.A. and could possibly cause death B. and had rather mild effectsC. but was not deadly D. and did not have the usual signs（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).One reason why the outbreak of the disease was not discovered sooner was that _.A. China did not belong to W. H. O. B. doctors
35、in Asia did not recognize the diseaseC. reporting procedures were not good enough D. the people who caught it were travellers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this ques
36、tion, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate supply. Competit
37、ors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another.Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by
38、which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups in inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and i
39、s probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social
40、 animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death
41、or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there
42、 is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be
43、said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.（分数：5.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _.A. argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societiesB. smooth out the conflicts in human societiesC
44、. distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD. summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that _.A. it results in war in most casesB. it induces efforts to expand territoryC. it is a kind of o
45、pposition among social entitiesD. it is essentially a struggle for existence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most probably means _.A. betray each otherB. harm one anotherC. help to collaborate with each otherD. benefit one another（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
46、(4).The author indicates in the passage that conflict _.A. is an inevitable struggle resulting from competitionB. reflects the struggle among social animalsC. is an opposition among individual social entitiesD. can be avoided（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage is probably intended to answer the questio
47、n“_“.A. Is war inevitable?B. Why is there conflict and competition?C. Is conflict desirable?D. Can competition lead to conflict?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.十、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its current rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sust
48、ain life in the planet. By the middle of the 21 st century, if present trends go on, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on the earth will make it necessary for us to look for open s
49、pace somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by an American scientist, Professor Cart Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earths resources are completely exhausted it will be possible t
