1、公共英语四级-448 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Personal Income Tax in ChinaIndividual income tax threshold will rise by (1) When the amendment is expected to become effective (2) Now the proportion of income earners who do not need payincome tax (3) H
2、ow much the move would reduce government revenue (4) How high is the threshold set in 2006 (5) （分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).How much was the estimated total market value of organic products estimated to be by 2002?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Due to what has the Euro
3、pean Union shifted agricultural subsidies to organic farmers?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What is the total hectares that EU reaches in 2008?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Which country has the most organic land ac cording to statistics and Emerging Trends 2009?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).What risk is lowered for children havi
4、ng organic food?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、Part C(总题数：3，分数：10.00)(1).What is the mans chief responsibility in the Green Peace organization?A. Hes involved in anti-nuclear activity.B. Hes responsible for conservation and protection of animals.C. Hes the action organizer and arranges any protests.D. Hes involv
5、ed in protection and support of the eco-system.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How does Green Peace try to stop people from dumping nuclear waste?A. They harass the dumping ship with boats.B. They attack the dumping ships.C. They talk with them in a mild way.D. They stop them in a violent way.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
6、(3).What is the womans attitude towards the Green Peace campaigns?A. Contempt. B. Appreciate. C. Disapprove. D. Suspicious.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).What crops does the farmer grow?A. Cotton every year. B. Corn and wheat.C. Rice. D. Other things.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How does the farmer pay his employees?
7、A. Hourly. B. Weekly.C. Monthly. D. Yearly.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What work does the farmer need to do?A. Irrigate my fields. B. Apply pesticides.C. Fix machines. D. All the above.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).What hasnt Devorah Day involved in?A. Madrigals. B. Folk.C. Rock. D. Opera.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What
8、is Devorah Day going to sing in future?A. Continue to sing jazz. B. Transfer to opera.C. Whatever songs she is offered. D. She is not sure.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How is her family?A. It doesnt have any musical background.B. It has many musicians.C. They pay much attention to Days work.D. They didnt ca
9、re about Day at all.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which statement is true about Devorah Day?A. She starts singing as a jazz singer.B. The session for the album was done in 1999.C. Her family supports her work very much.D. She has faith in herself despite opposition of people around.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section
10、 Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Nowadays, air travel is very (21) . We are not surprised when we watch on TV that a politician has talked with French President in Paris and attended a meeting in Beijing on the same day. (22) , if a person takes long-distance flying frequently, he can be so tired that he
11、maybe feel his brain is in one country, his (23) in another. (24) , he (25) knows where he is.When we fly from east to west or (26) versa, the (27) we experience after taking a long distance flying is (28) , because we cross time zones. According to doctors, air travelers, after crossing several tim
12、e zones, are in no (29) to go to work, and they should go (30) to bed (31) arrival.As to airline pilots who often live (32) their own watches and ignore local time, there is no need for them to worry about their health although they sometimes have breakfast at midnight, be cause they are used to (33
13、) and are (34) fit.Many businessmen like long-distance flights, thinking they are (35) to have been chosen and they are out for promotion. They are lucky if the company follows the doctors advice and al low them to rest for a day or two (36) working. However, sometimes the manager is so energetic th
14、at he believes everyone is (37) to be as fit as he is. Since he has never felt (38) after fly ing himself, the work he assigns is so (39) that the employee is too (40) to carry the work out satisfactorily. That is disastrous for the employees health and the companys reputation.（分数：20.00）(1).A. ordin
15、ary B. common C. plain D. usual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Hence B. However C. Otherwise D. Furthermore（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. digestion B. concentration C. friends D. life（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. In short order B. All in one C. In a word D. In other words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. almost B. nearly C. hardl
16、y D. practically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. vice B. via C. vicar D. vibes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. weary B. fatigue C. tired D. strain（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. strengthened B. increased C. reinforced D. aggravated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. status B. state C. situation D. condition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. away
17、B. straggly C. straightforward D. straight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. in B. when C. after D. on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. on B. by C. upon D. with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. fly B. flying C. live D. lives（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. mentally B. emotionally C. physically D. bodily（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. favored
18、 B. flattened C. flayed D. flattered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. before B. behind C. after D. in front of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. likely B. supposed C. going D. expected（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. discontent B. resentful C. dissatisfied D. uncomfortable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. demeaning B. demanding C. dem
19、onstrative D. deplorable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. sleepy B. excited C. exhausted D. angry（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Text 1Nowadays, our society is being reshaped by information technologiescomputers, telecommunications networks, and other digital syste
20、ms. Of course, our Society has gone through other periods of dramatic change before, driven by such innovations as the steam engine, railroad, telephone, and automobile. But never before have we experienced technologies that are evolving so rapidly, altering the constraints of time and space, and re
21、shaping the way we communicate, learn, and think.The rapid development of digital technologies creates not only more opportunities for the society but challenges to it as well. Institutions of every stripe are grappling to respond by adapting their Strategies and activities. It is no exaggeration to
22、 say that information technology is completely changing the relationship between people and knowledge.But ironically, at the most knowledge-based entitiesthe colleges and universitiesthe pace of transformation has been relatively modest. Although research has been transformed by informa tion technol
23、ogy in many ways, and it is increasingly used for student and faculty communications, other higher-education functions have remained almost unchanged. For example, teaching largely continues to follow a classroom-centered, seat-based paradigm. However, some major technology aided teaching experiment
24、s are emerging, and some factors suggest that digital technologies may eventually drive significant change throughout academia.American academia has undergone significant change before. The establishment of secular education began during the 18th century and the Land-Grant College Act of 1862 result
25、ed in another transformation. That Act created institutions serving agriculture and industries; academia was no longer just for the wealthy but charged with providing educational opportunities to the working class as well. Around the year of 1900, the introduction of graduate education began to expa
26、nd the role of the university in training students for careers both scholarly and professional.Higher education has already experienced significant technology-based change, even if it currently lags other sectors in some areas. We expect that the new technology will eventually impose a profound impa
27、ct on universitys teaching by freeing the classroom from its physical and temporal bounds and by providing students with access to original source materials and that new learning communities driven by information technology will allow universities to better teach students how to be critical analyzer
28、s and consumers of information.The information society has greatly expanded the need for university-level education; lifelong learning is not only a private good for those who pursue it but also a social good in terms of our nations ability to maintain a vibrant democracy and support a competitive w
29、orkforce.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the followings does not belong to information technologies?A. Laptop B. TelephoneC. Telecommunication networks. D. Digital systems.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Many institutions adjust their strategies and activities in order to _.A. make moneyB. change the relationship betwee
30、n people and knowledgeC. take advantage of the opportunities provided by digital technologiesD. adapt to the development of digital technologies（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The phrase “higher-education functions“ (Line 4, Paragraph 3) probably means _.A. increasing students ability B. broaden students horiz
31、onsC. enriching students knowledge D. the way of teaching（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The transformation resulted from the Land-Grant College Act of 1862 was _.A. the popularization of educationB. the establishment of secular educationC. the introduction of graduate educationD. the appearance of a competiti
32、ve workforce（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Information technology will have an impact on the following aspects except _.A. freeing the constraints of time and space on classroomB. the chance students have to read original source materialsC. the way of communicationD. training students for professional career（
33、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Text 2Now the politics of US health reform is in a mess but the odds on a bill passing in the end are improving. It will not be a tidy thing, but if it moves the country close to universal health insurance the administration will call it a success.At this moment, that point of view m
34、ay seem too optimistic. Last Friday, the Democratic leadership in the House of Representatives had hoped to produce a finished bill. But they failed, because the partys fiscal conservatives demanded further savings. House Democrats are also divided on revenue-raising measures.The Senate is dealing w
35、ith the same problems: how to contain the cost of expanded insurance coverage, and how to pay for what remains, so that the reform adds nothing to the budget deficit o ver the course of 10 years.Where the money comes from remains the crucial problem. Apparently, the answer is straight forward: tax e
36、mployer-provided health benefits. At present, an employer in the U. S. is free from paying tax if he pays the health insurance while an individual purchaser has to buy it with after-tax dollars. This anomaly costs nearly $ 250bn a year in revenueenough to pay for universal cover age, and then some.
37、Yet many Democrats in both the House and the Senate oppose to ending it. Will there be a breakthrough in terms of that aspect?However, to get employers out of health insurance should be an aim, not something to be feared. Many US workers have complained that if they lose their job, their health insu
38、rance will go with it and tying insurance to employment will undoubtedly worsen the insecurity.What about high-risk workers who are thrown on to the individual market? If the tax break were abolished as part of a larger reform which obliges insurers to offer affordable coverage to all people regardl
39、ess of pre-existing conditions, it will not be a problem. Its true this change needs to increase tax, and many people in Congress are reluctant to contemplate in any form. But some kind of increase is inescapable. This one makes more sense than most.The President should say so. His Republican oppone
40、nt John McCain called for this change during the election campaign and Mr Obama and other Democrats assailed the idea. So what? Mr. Obama has changed his ideas on other aspects of health reform. For example, it seems that he now prefers an individual mandate to buy insurance. Let us see a similar fl
41、exibility on taxing employer provided insurance.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the author, _.A. the politics of U. S. health reform is a total failureB. there is no possibility of passing a billC. its difficult to pass a billD. U. S. will achieve universal health insurance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the auth
42、ors opinion, which of the following is “revenue-raising measures“ ?A. Tax employer-provided health benefits.B. Tax individual-purchased health insurance.C. Ending taxing employer-provided health benefits.D. Ending taxing individual-purchased health insurance.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why did the author s
43、ay that to get employers out of health insurance should be an aim?A. Because employers evaded paying taxes.B. Because tying insurance to employment was bad to workers.C. Because its illegal for employers to provide health insurance.D. Because the administration needed to raise revenue.（分数：1.00）A.B.C
44、.D.(4).What does the author feel about Presidents preference to an individuals buying insurance?A. Going back on his word. B. Stubborn.C. Flexible. D. Short-sighted.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What “change“ did John McCain once called for during the election campaign?A. Increasing tax.B. Obliging insurers
45、to offer affordable coverage to all people regardless of pre-existing conditions.C. Insurance should be bought by individual instead of being provided by employers.D. To get employers out of health insurance.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Text 3According to Peter Salovey, Yale psychologist and author of the term
46、EQ, IQ gets you hired and EQ gets you promoted.Salovey tells of a simple test. Some four-year-old kids were invited into a room and were given the following instruction: “You can have this marshmallow right now; or if you wait, you can have two marshmallows when I get back. “ Then, the researcher le
47、ft. Some kids grabbed for the treat as soon as the researcher was out the door, while Others waited for the researcher to return. By the time the kids reached high school, significant differences appeared between the two groups. The kids who held out for two marshmallows were better adjusted, more p
48、opular, more adventurous, more confident, and more dependable than kids in the quick gratification group. The latter group was also more likely to be lonely, more easily frustrated, more stubborn, more likely to buckle under stress, and more likely to shy away from challenges. When both groups took
49、scholastic aptitude tests, the “hold out group“ walloped the “quick gratification group“ by 210 points (the test scores range from a minimum of 200 points to a maximum of 800, with an average for all students of 500 points).Researchers have been discussing whether its possible to raise a persons IQ. Geneticists say No, while social scientists say Yes. But while brai
