1、公共英语四级-444 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Length of holidayCost per person (including allaccommodation costs)Special offers included in pricethree days 1. $ _ Pick up from the (2) seven days $ 350As above plus a book of (3) andmaps.foutreen clays
2、 4. $ _ As above plus membership of a (5) （分数：5.00）(1).Length of holidayCost per person (including allaccommodation costs)Special offers included in pricethree days 1. $ _ Pick up from the (2) seven days $ 350As above plus a book of (3) andmaps.foutreen clays 4. $ _ As above plus membership of a (5)
3、 （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Length of holidayCost per person (including allaccommodation costs)Special offers included in pricethree days 1. $ _ Pick up from the (2) seven days $ 350As above plus a book of (3) andmaps.foutreen clays 4. $ _ As above plus membership of a (5) （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Length of Cos
4、t per person (including Special offers included in holiday allaccommodation costs)pricethree days 1. $ _ Pick up from the (2) seven days $ 350As above plus a book of (3) andmaps.foutreen clays 4. $ _ As above plus membership of a (5) （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Length of holidayCost per person (including al
5、laccommodation costs)Special offers included in pricethree days 1. $ _ Pick up from the (2) seven days $ 350As above plus a book of (3) andmaps.foutreen clays 4. $ _ As above plus membership of a (5) （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Length of holidayCost per person (including allaccommodation costs)Special offer
6、s included in pricethree days 1. $ _ Pick up from the (2) seven days $ 350As above plus a book of (3) andmaps.foutreen clays 4. $ _ As above plus membership of a (5) （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)How often is the Indiana state fair held? (6) What are the main goals of the Indiana state fair
7、 when it started excepteducating and presenting Indianas best products?(7) When could people attend by paying something other than money? (8) What special things can the people learn about that they cant learn in (9) other fairs?What does the fair help people to remember? (Write down ONE thing) (10)
8、 （分数：5.00）(1).How often is the Indiana state fair held? (6) What are the main goals of the Indiana state fair when it started excepteducating and presenting Indianas best products?(7) When could people attend by paying something other than money? (8) What special things can the people learn about th
9、at they cant learn inother fairs?(9) What does the fair help people to remember? (Write down ONE thing) (10) （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).How often is the Indiana state fair held? (6) What are the main goals of the Indiana state fair when it started excepteducating and presenting Indianas best products?(7) W
10、hen could people attend by paying something other than money? (8) What special things can the people learn about that they cant learn inother fairs?(9) What does the fair help people to remember? (Write down ONE thing) (10) （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).How often is the Indiana state fair held? (6) What are t
11、he main goals of the Indiana state fair when it started excepteducating and presenting Indianas best products?(7) When could people attend by paying something other than money? (8) What special things can the people learn about that they cant learn inother fairs?(9) What does the fair help people to
12、 remember? (Write down ONE thing) (10) （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).How often is the Indiana state fair held? (6) What are the main goals of the Indiana state fair when it started excepteducating and presenting Indianas best products?(7) When could people attend by paying something other than money? (8) What
13、 special things can the people learn about that they cant learn inother fairs?(9) What does the fair help people to remember? (Write down ONE thing) (10) （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).How often is the Indiana state fair held? (6) What are the main goals of the Indiana state fair when it started excepteducatin
14、g and presenting Indianas best products?(7) When could people attend by paying something other than money? (8) What special things can the people learn about that they cant learn inother fairs?(9) What does the fair help people to remember? (Write down ONE thing) (10) （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、Part C(总题数：3，
15、分数：10.00)Questions 1114 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 1114.（分数：4.00）(1).What can actually motivate workers according to Fredriek Herzberg?A. Job security.B. Good labour relations.C. Challenging work.D. Attractive wages and benefits.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2)
16、.What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?A. Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.B. More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.C. Computers will change the nature of many jobs.D. Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What do some supermarket
17、s do to motivate their employees?A. Offer them chances of promotion.B. Improve their working conditions.C. Encourage them to compete with each otherD. Give them responsibilities as part of a team.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?A. T
18、hey will not bring real benefits to the staff.B. They concern a small number of people only.C. They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.D. They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 15-17 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read Questi
19、ons 15-17.（分数：3.00）(1).What does the speaker say about bird watching?A. It is entertaining.B. It is a costly hobby.C. It takes lots of time.D. It requires training.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the speaker say about birds fed continually on the same spot?A. They can harm nearby plants.B. They may c
20、atch some disease.C. They fight each other for food.D. They may pollute the environment.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the speaker suggest we do in feeding birds in winter?A. Place the food on warmer spots.B. Use prepared feed mixtures only.C. Avoid using any contaminated food.D. Continue the feedin
21、g till it gets warm.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 1820 are based on the following dialogue. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 1820.（分数：3.00）(1).Whats the womans main purpose of visiting Quebec?A. To go boating on the St. Lawrence River.B. To go sightseeing in Quebec Province.C. To call on a fri
22、end in Quebec City.D. To attend a wedding in Montreal.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the man advise the woman to do before the trip?A. Study the map of Quebec Province.B. Find more about Quebec Province.C. Brush up on her French.D. Learn more about the local customs.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does th
23、e man say about Quebec City?A. Its most beautiful in summer.B. It has many historical buildings.C. It was greatly expanded in the 18th century.D. Its the only French-speaking city in Canada.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder ju
24、st how smart humans are. (21) the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmers piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit-flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit-flies (22) to live shorter lives. This suggests that (23) bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) (24) in not being
25、too terrifically bright. Intelligence, it (25) , is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow (26) the starting line because it depends on learning processa (27) learninginstead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparen
26、tly learned is when to (28) Is there an adaptive value to (29) intelligence? Thats the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance (30) at all the species weve left in the dust I. Q. wise, it implicitly asks what the real (31) of our own intelligence might be. T
27、his is (32) the mind of every animal Ive ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would (33) on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, (34) , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that (35) animals ran the l
28、abs, they would test us to (36) the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really (37) , not merely how much of it there is. (38) , they would hope to study a (39) question. Are humans actually aware of the world they
29、 live in? (40) the results are inconclusive.（分数：20.00）(1).A. Suppose B. Consider C. Observe D. Imagine（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. tended B. feared C. happened D. threatened（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. thinner B. more stable C. lighter D. dimmer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. tendency B. advantage C. inclination D. p
30、riority（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. insists on B. sums up C. turns out D. puts forward（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. off B. behind C. over D. along（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. incredible B. spontaneous C. inevitable D. gradual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. fight B. doubt C. stop D. think（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. invisible B.
31、 limited C. indefinite D. different（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. upward B. forward C. afterward D. backward（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. features B. influences C. results D. costs（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. outside B. on C. by D. across（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. deliver B. carry C. perform D. apply（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D
32、.(14).A. by chance B. in contrast C. as usual D. for instance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. if B. unless C. as D. lest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. moderate B. overcome C. determine D. reach（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. at B. for C. after D. with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. Above all B. After all C. However D. Otherwis
33、e（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. fundamental B. comprehensive C. equivalent D. hostile（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. By accident B. In time C. So far D. Better still（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It used to be so straightforward. A team of resear
34、chers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publ
35、ication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal. No longer. The Internetand pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funde
36、d research by restricting access to itis making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Grah
37、am Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends,
38、 in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $ 7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2, 000 publishers
39、worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16, 000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by th
40、e reports authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be publis
41、hed. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the firs
42、t six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to read it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.（分数：5.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author discusses _A. the background information of journal editing
43、.B. the publication routine of laboratory reports.C. the relations of authors with journal publishers.D. the traditional process of journal publication.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is true about the OECD report?A. It criticizes government-funded research.B. It introduces an effective
44、means of publication.C. It upsets profit-making journal publishers.D. It benefits scientific research considerably.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, online publication is significant in that _A. it provides an easier access to scientific results.B. it brings huge profits to scientific rese
45、archers.C. it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.D. it facilitates public investment in scientific research.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to _A. cover the cost of its publication.B. subscribe to the journal publishing i
46、t.C. allow other online journals to use it freely.D. complete the peer-review before submission.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?A. The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.B. A new mode of publication is emerging.C. Authors welcome the new c
47、hannel for publication.D. Publication is rendered easier by online service.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds“ to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would
48、have it, look at the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; eve
49、n the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. E
