1、公共英语四级-438 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Time (1) 2002PurposeTo test how honest the USpublic officials are.To recover from a serious(2) scandal.Testee Police officers Police officersCity Miami Los AngelesNumber of wallets (3) 20Whats in the wall
2、ets? Not mentioned.Various amounts of cash,names, addresses and phonenumbers.ResultOnly 21 wallets were turnedin, and two of them werewithout cash.A number of officers werefired or took early (5) after the report.Not a (4) was missingfrom the wallets which aregiven to them.（分数：5.00）(1).Time (1) 2002
3、PurposeTo test how honest the USpublic officials are.To recover from a serious(2) scandal.Testee Police officers Police officersCity Miami Los AngelesNumber of wallets (3) 20Whats in the wallets? Not mentioned.Various amounts of cash,names, addresses and phonenumbers.Result Only 21 wallets were turn
4、ed Not a (4) was missingfrom the wallets which in, and two of them werewithout cash.A number of officers werefired or took early (5) after the report.aregiven to them.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Time (1) 2002PurposeTo test how honest the USpublic officials are.To recover from a serious(2) scandal.Testee Pol
5、ice officers Police officersCity Miami Los AngelesNumber of wallets (3) 20Whats in the wallets? Not mentioned.Various amounts of cash,names, addresses and phonenumbers.ResultOnly 21 wallets were turnedin, and two of them werewithout cash.A number of officers werefired or took early (5) after the rep
6、ort.Not a (4) was missingfrom the wallets which aregiven to them.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Time (1) 2002PurposeTo test how honest the USpublic officials are.To recover from a serious(2) scandal.Testee Police officers Police officersCity Miami Los AngelesNumber of wallets (3) 20Whats in the wallets? Not me
7、ntioned.Various amounts of cash,names, addresses and phonenumbers.ResultOnly 21 wallets were turnedin, and two of them werewithout cash.A number of officers werefired or took early (5) after the report.Not a (4) was missingfrom the wallets which aregiven to them.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Time (1) 2002Purp
8、oseTo test how honest the USpublic officials are.To recover from a serious(2) scandal.Testee Police officers Police officersCity Miami Los AngelesNumber of wallets (3) 20Whats in the wallets? Not mentioned.Various amounts of cash,names, addresses and phonenumbers.ResultOnly 21 wallets were turnedin,
9、 and two of them werewithout cash.A number of officers werefired or took early (5) after the report.Not a (4) was missingfrom the wallets which aregiven to them.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Time (1) 2002PurposeTo test how honest the USpublic officials are.To recover from a serious(2) scandal.Testee Police of
10、ficers Police officersCity Miami Los AngelesNumber of wallets (3) 20Whats in the Not mentioned. Various amounts of wallets? cash,names, addresses and phonenumbers.ResultOnly 21 wallets were turnedin, and two of them werewithout cash.A number of officers werefired or took early (5) after the report.N
11、ot a (4) was missingfrom the wallets which aregiven to them.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、Part C(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Questions 11-13 are based on the passage about Freud. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.（分数：3.00）(1).What is Freuds contribution
12、s to psychology?A. Human personality B. His conscious theoryC. His free will D. Personality theory（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What did Freud think about one of his patients remarks “Ill pay you later, Dr. Freud. “?A. He was joking with Freud.B. He played in Freuds office.C. He unconsciously revealed his in
13、tention of refusing to pay.D. He only made his empty promise to Freud.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What was Freud primarily interested in?A. Money B. Jewish independenceC. University setting D. Theory（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 14-16 are based on the passage about human intelligence. You now have 15 seconds
14、to read Questions 14-16.（分数：3.00）(1).According to the passage, the average I.Q. is _.A. 85 B. 100 C. 110 D. 125（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).This passage suggests that an individuals I. Q. _.A. can be predicted at birthB. stays the same throughout his lifeC. can be increased by educationD. is determined by h
15、is childhood（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The best statement of the main idea of the passage is that _.A. human brains differ considerablyB. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligenceC. environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligenceD. persons having identical b
16、rains will have roughly the same intelligence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 17-20 are based on a dialogue about intermarriage. You now have 29 seconds to read Questions 17- 20.（分数：4.00）(1).Which word may best describe two speakers positions on intermarriage?A. Comparison B. Contrast C. Causality D. Bias
17、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why does marriage usually thrive concerning customs and traditions?A. On a give-and-take policyB. Beyond a give-and-take policyC. In the manner of each others adaptationD. Due to religious beliefs（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The cultural differences arise _.A. at the wedding B. before i
18、ntermarriageC. after people get married D. until recently（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What negative effects may the intermarriage most probably cause?A. A quick divorceB. Cultural shockC. A big gap between parents and childrenD. Much suffering in childrens minds（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数
19、：20.00)Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally (21) by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other (22) situations. The diffe
20、rence between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has (23) in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial (24) ; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants.(25) , the standard variety of English is based on the London (26) of English that developed after
21、the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one (27) by the educated, and it was developed and promoted (28) a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the (29) that was carried overseas, but not one unaffect
22、ed by such export. Today, (30) English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are (31) the same everywhere in the world where English is used; (32) among local standards is realIy quite minor, (33) the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very (34) di
23、fferent from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are (35) . Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous (36) on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have (37) much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on th
24、em to be (38) . This latter situation is not unique (39) English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are (40) . But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的) ones.
25、（分数：20.00）(1).A. said B. told C. talked D. spoken（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. same B. similar C. equal D. identical（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. language B. vocabulary C. idioms D. words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. Surprisingly B. Historically C.
26、 Interestingly D. Generally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. accent B. pronunciationC. spelling D. dialect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. preferred B. learned C. praised D. created（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. to B. in C. as D. for（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. basis B. norm C. rule D. variety（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. formal B. co
27、lloquial C. non-standard D. standard（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. not B. very C. much D. hardly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. variation B. standardizationC. unification D. transformation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. therefore B. but C. so that D. nevertheless（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. great B. much C. no D. little（分数
28、：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. talked B. concerned C. mentioned D. involved（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. press B. pressure C. power D. force（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. lost B. gained C. missed D. got（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. abandoned B. changed C. standardized D. reformed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. in B. of C. for D. t
29、o（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. in the way B. under way C. out of the way D. all the way（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, “Universal human rights begin in small places, close to home. “ And Tolerance. org, a We
30、b site from the Southern Poverty Law Center, is helping parents across the country create homes in which tolerance and understanding are guiding themes. “The goal of nurturing open-minded, empathetic children is a challenging one,“ says Jennifer Holladay, director of Tolerance. org. “To cultivate to
31、lerance, parents have to instill in children a sense of empathy, respect and responsibility-to oneself and to others-as well as the recognition that every person on earth is a treasure. “ Holladay offers several ways parents can promote tolerance:Talk about tolerance. Tolerance education is an ongoi
32、ng process; it cannot be captured in a single moment. Establish a high comfort level for open dialogue about social issues. Let children know that no subject is taboo. Identify intolerance when children are exposed to it. Point out stereotypes and cultural misinformation depicted in movies, TV shows
33、, computer games and other media. Challenge bias when it comes from friends and family members. Do not let the moment pass. Begin with a qualified statement: “Andrew just called people of XYZ faith lunatics. What do you think about that, Zoe?“ Let children do most of the talking. Challenge intoleran
34、ce when it comes from your children. When a child says or does something that reflects biases or embraces stereotypes, confront the child: “What makes that joke funny, Jerome?“ Guide the conversation toward internalization of empathy and respect-“Mimi uses a walker, honey. How do you think she would
35、 feel about that joke?“ or “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?“ Support your children when they are the victims of intolerance. Respect childrens troubles by acknowledging when they become targets of bias. Dont minimize the experience. Provide emotional support and then
36、 brainstorm constructive responses. For example, develop a set of comebacks to use when children are the victims of name-calling. Create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them. Look critically at how a child defines “normal“. Expand the definition. Visit playg
37、rounds where a variety of children are present-people of different races, socioeconomic backgrounds, family structures, etc. Encourage a child to spend time with elders-grandparents, for example. Encourage children to call upon community resources. A child who is concerned about world hunger can vol
38、unteer at a local soup kitchen or homeless shelter. The earlier children interact with the community, the better. This will help convey the lesson that we are not islands unto ourselves. Model the behavior you would like to see. As a parent and as your childs primary role model, be consistent in how
39、 you treat others. Remember, you may say, “Do as I say, not as I do,“ but actions really do speak louder than words.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements is TRUE about Tolerance. org?A. It is a Web site from the Northern Poverty Law Center.B. It is helping parents across the country create
40、homes for those orphans.C. The goal is to challenge those intolerant children.D. It helps parents cultivate a sense of empathy and responsibility in their children.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The underlined word “taboo“ (Para. 2) most probably means “_“ .A. intolerance B. forbidden customsC. secret dialogu
41、es D. inappropriate issues（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The example of asking “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?“ is to illustrate that it is indispensable to _.A. challenge intolerance when it comes from your childrenB. identify intolerance when children are exposed to itC. su
42、pport your children when they are the victims of intoleranceD. create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, children are encouraged to join in many activities other than _.A. live in homeless shelterB. spend time
43、with eldersC. volunteer at a local soup kitchenD. visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to Jennifer Holladay, who are childrens primary role models?A. Their teachers B. Their parentsC. Their grandparents D. Their peers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、Text 2(总题数：1，
44、分数：5.00)Every year New Zealanders living in London can be seen loading up Kombi vans and heading off to experience the “classic European holiday“. The trip usually starts in the north of France, after crossing the channel from Dover in England to Calais, driving down through France, over the Pyrenee
45、s into Spain, west into Portugal and then across the Continent to Italy and often beyond.There are numerous reasons young New Zealanders take this rite of passage-as well as seeing all the fantastic sights and tasting the delights of Europes food and wine, its relatively inexpensive. The Kombi is tr
46、ansport and accommodation all in one, cutting down significantly on costs.There is just one problem. As the Kombis become “antique“, these trips are usually punctuated with numerous roadside sessions as the van sits idle, in no hurry to start, while you swelter in the hot sun. But do not let this de
47、ter you. Travelling Europe in your own vehicle means no public transport schedules to cramp your style, the ability to explore the quaint, off-the-beaten-track villages where the “real“ locals live, freedom to not have to book accommodation in advance-you can nearly always get a campsite and can loa
48、d your vehicle with cheap, fantastic regional wines and souvenirs. With these bonuses in mind, here are some suggestions for planning the great Europe road adventure. The key to a pleasurable driving experience is a good navigator and a driver with a cool head. If you do not feel relaxed driving aro
49、und New Zealands cities and highways, then you probably will not enjoy driving around Europe. As co-pilot to the driver, you need to read (and understand) maps, look out for turn-offs-and keep the music playing. Language is not a big problem once a few essential terms are mastered. The biggest challenge is in the cities, where traffic can be chaotic
