1、公共英语四级-437 及答案解析(总分：102.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What subject did Fred stay up all night preparing for?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Most of the research about the link between coffee and heart disease is _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Without caffeine, people will su
2、ffer draw _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Studies have shown that coffee makes you work faster but not necessarily _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).12 ounces of soda has only half the caffeine of a 5 ounces cup of _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).The divorce rate in America has reached _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).
3、In the 21st century, most Americans will marry three or four times _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Alvin Toffler published a book named _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The percentage of remarriage among divorced Americans is _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).One of the reasons for the change in American marriages is _.（分数：1.00）填空项
4、 1:_四、Part C(总题数：3，分数：12.00)(1).What is Einsteins greatest contribution to human beings?A. His teaching.B. His theory of relativity.C. His theory on advanced mathematics.D. His research.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).When did Einsteins family move to Munich?A. When he was 2 years old. B. When he was 14 years
5、old.C. When he finished his study. D. When he became a teacher.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When did Einstein begin teaching?A. In 1901. B. In 1902.C. In 1910. D. In 1879.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).How did Einstein explain Relativity to young students?A. Patiently. B. Intelligently.C. Indifferently. D. Vividly.（分
6、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).What is the major source of evaporation of water from the oceans and lakes?A. The moon. B. The sun. C. The star. D. The earth.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Whats the percent of energy that warms the earth?A. 30%. B. 50%. C. 70%. D. 13%.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the use of greenhouse gas
7、es?A. They allow energy from the sun to enter but prevent energy from leaving.B. They allow energy from the sun to leave but prevent energy from entering.C. They protect the plants.D. They protect the earth.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is true?A. When sunlight strikes an ob
8、ject, all the energy is absorbed.B. When sunlight strikes an object, all the energy is reflected.C. Snow reflects all the energy from the sun.D. Snow contributes to the low temperatures of winter.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).When did Fleming move to London?A. At the age of 31.B. At the age of 13.C. At the a
9、ge of 16.D. At the age of 17.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Who identified the mould as penicillin?A. One of Flemings colleagues.B. Sir Almroth Wright.C. Howard Florey.D. Fleming.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).After his initial discovery, what did Fleming do?A. He returned to his routine work.B. He developed penicillin
10、 further.C. He kept a supply of the mould.D. Both A and C.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When was the penicillin mass-produced?A. In 1928.B. In 1913.C. After World War II.D. By World War II.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training I
11、deally, therefore, the choice of an (21) should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, (22) , most people make several job choices during their working lives, (23) because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve (24) position. The “one perfect job“
12、does not exist. Young people should (25) enter into a broad flexible training program that will (26) them for a field of work rather than for a single (27) Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans (28) benefit of help from a (29) vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing (30) ab
13、out the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a Mt-or-miss (31) . Some drift from job to job. Others (32) to work in which they are unhappy and (33) which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. To
14、o many high-school studentsor their parents for themchoose the professional field, (34) both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal (35) . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white-collar“ job is (36) good reason
15、for choosing it as lifes work. (37) , these occupations are not always well paid. (38) a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the (39) of young people should give serious (40) to these fields.（分数：20.00）(1).A. identification B. entertainment C. accommodation D. occupation（分数：1.
16、00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. however B. therefore C. though D. thereby（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. entirely B. mainly C. partly D. totally（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. its B. his C. our D. their（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. since B. therefore C. furthermore D. forever（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. make B. fit C. take D. leave（分数：1.00
17、）A.B.C.D.(7).A. job B. way C. means D. company（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. to B. for C. without D. with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. competitive B. competent C. competing D. compelling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. little B. Few C. much D. a lot（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. chance B. basis C. purpose D. opportunity（分数：1.
18、00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. apply B. appeal C. stick D. turn（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. with B. for C. to D. in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. concerning B. following C. considering D. disregarding（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. preferences B. requirements C. tendencies D. ambitions（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. a B. any C. no D.
19、the（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. Therefore B. However C. Nevertheless D. Moreover（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. For B. Since C. Though D. As if（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. majority B. mass C. minority D. multitude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. proposal B. suggestion C. consideration D. appraisal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Sectio
20、n Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him. he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it.A granted patent is the result of a bargai
21、n struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of e
22、vents.The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patents normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.Because a patent remains permanently pub
23、lic after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even repatent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost o
24、f conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventors right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas
25、from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new“ ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity
26、or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was
27、 anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.（分数：5.00）(1).The passage is mainly about _.A. an approach to patentsB. the application for patentsC. the use of patents D. the access to patents（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. When a p
28、atent becomes out of effect, it can be repatented or extended if necessary.B. It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention public.C. A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.D. One can get all the details of a pa
29、tented invention from a library attached to the patent office.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).George Valensis patent lasted until 1971 because _.A. nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that timeB. his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long timeC. there were not enough TV stations
30、 to provide colour programmesD. the colour TV receiver was not available until that time（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “plagiarize“ in the fifth paragraph most probably means “ _ . “A. steal and useB. give reward toC. make publicD. take and change（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).From the passage we learn that _.
31、A. an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practiceB. products are actually inventions which were made a long time agoC. it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new oneD. patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through dead
32、 patents（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Americans today dont place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education-not to pursue knowledge for the sake of k
33、nowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools arent difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,“ says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance. “Ravitchs latest book, Left Back: A Centur
34、y of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitati
35、on and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second rate country. We will have a less civil society.“Intellect
36、 is resented as a form of power or privilege,“ writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulizer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, ou
37、r democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schoo
38、ling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. “Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero av
39、oids being civilized - going to school and learning to read - so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks
40、 to grasp, manipulate, reorder, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our countrys educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their host
41、ility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise./（分数：5.00）(1).What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?A. The habit of thinking independently.B. Profound knowledge of the world.C. Practical abilities for future caree
42、r.D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of_.A. undervaluing intellect B. favoring intellectualismC. supporting school reform D. suppressing native intelligence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The views of Ravitch and Emerson on s
43、chooling are_.A. identical B. similarC. complementary D. opposite（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Emerson, according to the text, is probably_.A. a pioneer of education reform B. an opponent of intellectualismC. a scholar in favor of intellect D. an advocate of regular schooling（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does th
44、e author think of intellect?A. It is second to intelligence. B. It evolves from common sense.C. It is to be pursued. D. It underlies power.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.十、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47- year-old manicurist isnt
45、 cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic indicator,“ she says. “I provide a service that people can do w
46、ithout when theyre concerned about saving some dollars.“ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,“ she says.Even before Alan Greenspans admission
47、that Americas red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24% of their revenue between Thanksgiving
48、 and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7% from last years pace. But dont sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economys long-term prospects,
49、even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say theyre not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “theres a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly
