1、公共英语四级-415 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.1-20 略（分数：20.00）_二、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)High oil prices have not yet produced an economic shock among consuming countries, but further rises, especially sharp (21) , would undoubtedly hurt the world economy, and
2、 (22) would inevitably harm producers, too. Beyond this obvious point, (23) , higher prices could even do harm to both oil firms and producers. Big oil firms (24) rolling in money today, but that disguises the fact that their longer-term prospects are (25) Behind the reserves-accounting scandal at R
3、oyal Dutch/ Shell (26) a problem bedeviling all of the majors: replacing their dwindling reserves. (27) existing fields in Alaska and the North Sea are rapidly declining; OPEC countries and Russia are (28) them out. (29) they are to survive in the long term, the big oil firms must embrace other sour
4、ces of energy (30) oil. (31) it is to believe, higher oil prices could be bad news for producing countries (32) Political leaders in Russia, Venezuela and other oil-rich countries are bending laws to crack (33) on foreign firms and to strengthen their grip on oil (34) through state-run firms. This m
5、ay be convenient for the political leaders themselves. Alas, it is (35) to do much for their countrymen. For years corruption and inefficiency (36) the typical results of government control of oil resources. Producing countries should (37) embrace open markets. (38) one thing, shutting out foreign i
6、nvestment will only hurt their own oil output by (39) the sharpest managers and latest technologies. For another, economic liberalization (including reform of bloated welfare states) would help OPEC countries (40) their economiesas the NAFTA trade deal has done for oil-rich Mexicoand so prepare them
7、 for the day when the black gold starts running out.（分数：20.00）A.onesB.shockC.pricesD.countriesA.thisB.thatC.whichD.whatA.butB.soC.howeverD.neverthelessA.mayB.perhapsC.maybeD.may beA.bleakB.leakC.weakD.freakA.isB.hasC.liesD.doesA.AsB.Just asC.So asD.Even asA.preventingB.shuttingC.closingD.keepingA.If
8、B.Even ifC.WhetherD.HowA.asideB.fromC.besideD.aside fromA.For hardB.As hardC.Very hardD.As hard asA.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.as wellA.downB.upC.outD.fromA.incomesB.revenuesC.paymentD.contributionsA.likelyB.unlikeC.unlikelyD.alikeA.isB.areC.has beenD.have beenA.in place ofB.insteadC.ratherD.rather thanA.Fo
9、rB.ToC.OfD.InA.concludingB.includingC.excludingD.exploringA.verifyB.purifyC.diversifyD.multiply三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Prior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconne
10、cted modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, which is a key factor in language maintenance and preservation. It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerfu
11、l forces appear to work against it. population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the worlds last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the languag
12、e of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the worlds peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportuni
13、ty, and a better way of life. Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that? Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive throug
14、h a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism (mastery of two languages). Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres-at home, among friends, in community settingsand a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In
15、 this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing forces of globalization. Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For exa
16、mple, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues. Linguists are currently using computer-aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages. For many endangered languages,
17、 the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient, however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous communities have shown that it is possible to live in
18、 the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.（分数：5.00）(1).Minority languages can be best preserved in _.（分数：1.00）A.an increasingly interconnected worldB.maintaining small numbers of speakersC.relatively isolated language communitiesD.following the tradition of the 20th
19、 century(2).According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _.（分数：1.00）A.uncertainB.unrealisticC.foreseeableD.definite(3).According to the author, bilingualism can help _.（分数：1.00）A.small languages become acceptable in work placesB.homogenize the world
20、s languages and culturesC.global languages reach home and community settingsD.speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identity(4).Computer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it _.（分数：1.00）A.makes learning a global language unnecessaryB.facilitates the learning an
21、d using of those languagesC.raises public awareness of saving those languagesD.makes it easier for linguists to study those languages(5).In the authors view, many endangered languages are _.（分数：1.00）A.remarkably well-kept in this modern world.B.exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC.quite po
22、ssible to be revived instead of dying outD.a unique way of bringing different groups together六、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The hotels are full, Japanese tourists throng the designer stores of Waikiki, and the unemployment rate is a mere 3% of the workforce. So what could possibly knock Hawaii, the “aloha“
23、or “welcome“ state, off its wave? The answer is that Hawaiis 1.2million residents may one day get fed up with playing host to overseas visitors, 7million of them this year. Indeed, some residents are already fed up. KAHEA, an alliance of environmentalists and defenders of native Hawaiian culture, be
24、moans the pollution caused by the cruise ships and the risk posed by the tourist hordes to creatures such as the dark-rumped petrel and the Oahu tree snail, or to plants like the Marsilea villosa fern. KAHEA has a point, the US Fish Wildlife Service currently lists some 317 species, including 273 pl
25、ants, in the Hawaiian islands as threatened or endangered-the highest number of any state in the nation. Even the state flower, the hibiscus brackenridgei, is on the danger list. The loss of species, says one government report, has been “staggering“. As for the impact of tourism on Hawaiian culture,
26、 a KAHEA spokeswoman wryly notes the element of exploitation: “Native Hawaiian culture is used as a selling pointcome to this paradise where beautiful women are doing the hula on your dinner plate. “ So what else is new? Hawaiis environment and culture have been under threat ever since Captain Cook
27、and his germ-carrying sailors dropped anchor in 1778. Foreign imports have inevitably had an impact on species that evolved over the millennia in isolation. Moreover, with up to 25 non-native species arriving each year, the impact will continue. But, as the US Geological Survey argues, the impact ca
28、n add to biodiversity as well as lessen it. The real challenge, therefore, is for Hawaii to find a balance between the costs and the benefits of development in general and tourism in particular. The benefits are not to be sneezed at. The states unemployment rate has been below the national average f
29、or the past two-and-a-half years. Economists at the University of Hawaii reckon that Hawaiians real personal income rose by 2.8% last year, will rise by 2.7% this year and will continue through 2007 at 2.5%. According to the states “strategic plan“ for the next decade, tourism should take much of th
30、e credit, accounting directly and indirectly for some 22% of the states jobs by 2007, more than 17% of its economic output and around 26% of its tax revenues. The trouble is that the costs can be high, too. As one economist puts it, “We have a Manhattan cost of living and Peoria wage rates. “ That t
31、ranslates into a median house price today on the island of Oahu, home to three-quarters of the states population, of $ 500, 000, and a need for many workers to take on more than one job.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?（分数：1.00）A.Hawaii is in short of the hotels now.B.Japanese touri
32、sts account for the most part of the travelers.C.The unemployment rate in Hawaii is very low.D.Hawaii may change its “welcome“ policy.(2).How do Hawaiis residents receive tourists now?（分数：1.00）A.Get fed up with them.B.Warmly welcome them.C.With reserved welcome.D.With traditional hospitality.(3).Acc
33、ording to the passage, all this following are problems resulting from the tourism EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.Environmental pollutionB.Hawaiian cultureC.The loss of speciesD.The risk to creatures and biodiversity(4).“The benefits are not to be sneezed at. “ (Line 1, Para 4) By saying so, the author means _.
34、（分数：1.00）A.the states employment rate is higher than other statesB.people in Hawaii get the benefit of seldom sneezingC.tourism should take much of the creditD.the advantages of tourism should not be overlooked(5).It is implied in the last paragraph that _.（分数：1.00）A.there is a lot of trouble living
35、 in HawaiiB.living expenditure in Hawaii is as high as that in ManhattanC.living expenditure in Hawaii is incompatible with incomeD.house price today in Hawaii is unbelievably high七、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. As colleges
36、 strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton State College, for example, became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the
37、 state. “All I hear in higher education is, Brand, brand, brand,“ said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lippmann Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations. “There has been a sea change over the last
38、 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education. “ Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course. In 1997, the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering a list of majors that inc
39、ludes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School. Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultants creation of “naming structures“ , “brand architecture“ and “identity systems“, the university has come up
40、 with a new name., the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logos (标识), banners, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words “the New School“ . Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. In alter
41、ing its name from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban counties east of San Francisco. The University of Southern Colorado, a state institution, became Colorado State University at Pueblo two years ago, hoping to highli
42、ght many internal changes, including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards. Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2001 for several reasons, to break the connection with its past as a womens college, to promote its growth into a full-fledged univers
43、ity and, officials acknowledged, to eliminate some jokes about the colleges old name on late-night television and “morning zoo“ radio shows. Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. At Arcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average stude
44、nts test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman, said.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT the reason for colleges to change their names?（分数：1.00）A.They prefer higher education competition.B.They try to gain advantage in market share.C.They want to project their
45、 image.D.They hope to make some changes.(2).It is implied that one of the most significant changes in higher education in the past decade is _.（分数：1.00）A.the brandB.the college namesC.the concept of marketingD.list of majors.(3).The phrase “come up with“ (Line 3, Para. 4) probably means _.（分数：1.00）A
46、.catch up withB.deal withC.put forwardD.come to the realization(4).The case of name changing from Cal State, Hayward, to Cal State indicates that the university _.（分数：1.00）A.is perceived by the societyB.hopes to expand its influenceC.prefers to reform its teaching programsD.expects to enlarge its ca
47、mpus.(5).According to the spokeswoman, the name change of Beaver College _.（分数：1.00）A.turns out very successfulB.fails to attain its goalC.has eliminated some jokesD.has transformed its status八、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It has been a wretched few weeks for Americas celebrity bosses. AIGs Maurice Greenber
48、g has been dramatically ousted from the firm through which he dominated global insurance for decades. At Morgan Stanley a mutiny is forcing Philip Purcell, a boss used to getting his own way, into an increasingly desperate campaign to save his skin. At Boeing, Harry Stonecipher was called out of ret
49、irement to lead the scandal-hit firm and raise ethical standards, only to commit a lapse of his own, being sacked for sending e-mails to a lover who was also an employee. Carly Fiorina was the most powerful woman in corporate America until a few weeks ago, when Hewlett-Packard (HP) sacked her for poor performance. The fate of Bernie Ebbers is much grimmer. The once high-profile boss of World-Corn could well spend
