1、公共英语四级-406 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The woman is going to talk to Professor Smith about 1.（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)There was not any tobacco in Spain until _.（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
2、 1:_四、Part C(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Questions 11-13 are based on the following monologue introducing American holidays. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.（分数：3.00）(1).What does the word “valentines“ refer to in the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Boyfriends.B.Girlfriends.C.People.D.Cards.(2).What is the mo
3、st suitable title for this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Black History MonthB.Valentines dayC.CelebrationsD.February(3).Why is February named “Black History Month“?（分数：1.00）A.Because it is the month when slavery was abolished.B.Because it is the time to honor blacks who make contributions to American culture.C
4、.Because some blacks were elected mayors in February.D.Because there are programs for black people.Questions 14-16 are based on the following monologue. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.（分数：3.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT a way to punish the one who commits a crime?A To be sent
5、 to a prison,BI To be tortured physically.C To be ordered to do community work.D To be fined.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is a prisoner in an open prison NOT allowed to do?A Study.BI Work.C Have visitors.D Go traveling.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.All of the prison
6、ers get paid for their work.B.5 percent of the prisoners are women.C.All prisoners should work.D.None of the prisoners is to sleep outside.Questions 18-20 are based on the following monologue introducing log structure. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 18-20.（分数：4.00）(1).What is the speaker
7、mainly discussing?A Traditional European architecture.BI Techniques for building log cabins.C The history of log structures.D How to build a home by yourself.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the speaker, what gives modem log homes their warm atmosphere?（分数：1.00）A.Their small size.B.Their rustic dir
8、t floors.C.Their walls of rounded logs.D.Their sliding board windows.(3).Why did the early settlers use log for building homes?（分数：1.00）A.They liked the look of log homes.B.They had easy access to logs.C.They were unfamiliar with other building materials,D.They wanted to break away from European tra
9、ditions.(4).According to the speaker, why were log cabins especially popular with settlers who moved west?（分数：1.00）A.They could easily build the log houses themselves.B.They could construct the houses from kits.C.They liked the cozy atmosphere of the log interior,D.They wanted homes that could be tr
10、ansported.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Since the September 11 attack, US President George W. Bush has (21) himself as a superpower leader of hard resolve, tolerating no (22) to his goals-until he came up against Israel.(23) the past week he has faced a dramatic (24) to his international autho
11、rity from the Jewish state. Israel is the chief US ally in the Middle East and (25) of the largest chunk of US foreign aid.Stung by (26) Israeli defiance, Bush on Monday urged Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon publicly, (27) the third time, to withdraw his forces “without delay“ (28) Palestinian a
12、reas. A bloody offensive has been (29) there for 11 days. He sent envoy Anthony Zinni to deliver the message personally as Secretary of State Colin Powell (30) a new US initiative to 0chieve an Israeli-Palestinian cease-fire. Israel Radio reported later on Monday that the army began pulling out of t
13、wo West Bank cities within hours. (31) there was no (32) that a full withdrawal might follow.Some analysts (33) the standoff as an unprecedented and (34) damaging (35) between the United States and Israel, which annually receives US $3 billion in US aid. The US administration has sent enough (36) me
14、ssages to suggest Bush may not be (37) rigid as his words appear.Until recently, Bush, conducting his war on terrorism around the world, had given. Sharon a (38) free hand to go after Palestinian militants following a wave of suicide bombings that killed scores of Israelis. Powells peace mission beg
15、an in Morocco and will land him in Israel on Friday. Analysts say this will give Sharon time to finish his crackdown.Analysts said Bush could be sincere in wanting Israel to withdraw but was trying to have it both wayscontinuing to give Israel some flexibility while (39) US credibility with Arabs by
16、 talking tough to Sharon. Powells mission got off to a frosty start on Monday, (40) , when Moroccos King Mohammed asked him why be had not headed first to Jerusalem.（分数：20.00）A.projectedB.rejectedC.proposedD.subjected(2).A distance BI consistence C resistance D instance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.A.OnB.UntilC.
17、OverD.BeforeA.challengeB.chargeC.changeD.privilegeA.rec6iptB.receiverC.recipientD.receptionA.repeatB.repeatedC.repeatedlyD.repeatingA.inB.asC.atD.forA.toB.withinC.fromD.overA.underwayB.subwayC.underarmD.undercurrentA.shotB.firedC.sentD.launchedA.ButB.BecauseC.FurthermoreD.DespiteA.adviceB.suggestion
18、C.proposalD.moveA.viewB.sightC.sceneryD.lookA.possibleB.likelyC.probableD.possiblyA.conflictB.co-operationC.treatmentD.fightingA.pureB.mixedC.clearD.confusingA.soB.tooC.veryD.muchA.factuallyB.virtuallyC.actuallyD.literallyA.buildingB.curingC.repairingD.modelingA.in turnB.howeverC.fortunatelyD.subseq
19、uently六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The war was the most peaceful period of my life. The window of my bedroom faced southeast. My mother had curtained it, but that had small effect. I always woke up with the first light and, with all the responsi
20、bilities of the previous day melted, felt myself rather like the sun, ready to shine and feel joy. Life never seemed so Simple and clear and full of possibilities as then. I stuck my feet out under the sheets-I called them Mrs. Left and Mrs. Right-and invented dramatic situations for them in which t
21、hey discussed the problems of the day. At least Mrs. Right did; she easily showed her feelings, but I didnt have the same control of Mrs. Left, so she mostly contented herself with nodding agreement.They discussed what mother and I should do during the day, what Santa Claus should give a fellow for
22、Christmas, and what steps should be taken to brighten the home. There was that little matter of the baby, for instance. Mother and I could never agree about that. Ours was the only house in the neighborhood without a new baby, and mother said we couldnt afford one till father came back from the war
23、because if cost seventeen and six. That showed how foolish she was. The Geneys up the road had a baby, and everyone knew they couldnt afford seventeen. and six. It was probably a cheap baby, and mother wanted something really good, but I felt she was too hard to please. The Geneys baby would have do
24、ne us fine.Having settled my plans for the day, I got up, put a chair under my window, and lifted the frame high enough to stick out my head. The window overlooked the front gardens of the homes behind ours, and beyond these it looked over a deep valley to the tall, red-brick house up the opposite h
25、illside, which were all still shadow, while those on our side of the valley were all lit up, though with long storage shadows that made them seem unfamiliar, stiff and painted.After that I went into mothers room and climbed into the big bed. She woke and I began to tell her of my schemes. By this ti
26、me, though I never seem to have noticed it, I was freezing in my nightshirt, but I warmed up as I talked until the last frost melted. I fell asleep beside her and woke again only when I heard her below in the kitchen, making breakfast.（分数：5.00）(1).How did the author feel early in the morning?（分数：1.0
27、0）A.He felt frightened by the war.B.He felt cheerful.C.He felt puzzled by the dramatic situations around him.D.He felt burdened with responsibilities.(2).When he woke up in the morning, he would _.（分数：1.00）A.Visit Mrs. Left and Mrs. RightB.Roll up the curtainsC.Try to work out his plans for the dayD
28、.Make Mrs. Left argue with Mrs. Right(3).What did the author think of his mother?（分数：1.00）A.She was stubborn.B.She was poor.C.She was not very intelligent.D.She did not love him very much.(4).Where was the authors father during the war?（分数：1.00）A.He was out on business.B.He was working in another to
29、wn.C.He went traveling.D.He was fighting in the front.(5).In which month did the story probably take place?（分数：1.00）A.In January.B.In September.C.In December.D.In November.九、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Huma
30、n resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hiredrented at the lowest possible costmuch as one buys raw mat
31、erials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job, off at the edge
32、of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource management is centralusually the second most important executive, after the CE
33、O, in the firms hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skill of their employees than the Japanese or German firms do. Themoney they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial
34、 employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthr
35、ough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipm
36、ent is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect t
37、he wages of the top half. If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?（分数：1.00
38、）A.They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.B.They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.C.They attach more importance to workers than to equipment.D.They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.(2).What is the position of the head of human res
39、ource management in an American firm?（分数：1.00）A.He is one of the most important executives in the firm.B.His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.C.He is directly under the chief financial executive.D.He has no authority in making important decisions in the firm.(3).The m
40、oney most American firms spend in training mainly goes to _.A workers who can operate new equipmentBI technological and managerial staffC workers who lack basic background skillsD top executives（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the article, which of the following statement is true?（分数：1.00）A.The aut
41、hor believes that a company should focus on training workers in the filed of the specific skills necessary to do the next job.B.It will not cost as much to retrain workers as the expenditure saved during the years when no training has ever been conducted.C.In the field of traditional industry where
42、few technical breakthroughs arrive, American firms may stay competitive.D.American corporation hierarchy prevents the workers from being trained basically.(5).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management.B.Ex
43、tensive retraining is indispensable to effective human resource management.C.The head of human resource management must be in the central position in a firms hierarchy.D.The human resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity.十、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Publicity o
44、ffers several benefits. There are no costs for message time or space. An ad in prime time television may cost $250,000 to $500,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. However, there are costs for news releases, a publicity department, and o
45、ther items.As with advertising, publicity reaches a mass audience. Within a short time, new products or company policies are widely known. Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same p
46、aper, because the reader associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than ads. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they flip through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half hour television program or hun
47、dreds of ads in a magazine, Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only p
48、ortions cited by the media; and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like. For example, in 1982, Procter ii may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media ascertain whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it. A company s
49、ponsored job program might go unreported or receive three-sentence coverage in a local newspaper.（分数：5.00）(1).Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of publicity?A No time costs.BI Attentiveness.C High credibility.D High profitability.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, the reason for most people to attach more credibi
