1、公共英语四级-281 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、Part C(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Questions 11 13 are based on a conversation between two college cl
2、assmates, You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 13.（分数：3.00）(1).How does the rising population negatively influence some countries?（分数：1.00）A.People begin to go on strike for food.B.Some countries have to cut down food supplies.C.People are dying of hunger.D.Some governments have to drive the
3、ir people into other countries.(2).According to the speaker, how many people have been added per year to the present population?（分数：1.00）A.80 million.B.70 million.C.More than 3500 million.D.About 3000 million.(3).Which regions population of the following is growing fastest?（分数：1.00）A.Latin America.B
4、.North America.C.South America.D.Central America.Questions 14 16 are based on the following dialogue on arranging a holiday. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 16.（分数：3.00）(1).Where does this dialogue most probably take place?（分数：1.00）A.In a hotel.B.At the womans home.C.At a travel agency.
5、D.In a supermarket.(2).Where will the woman go for her holiday?（分数：1.00）A.Somewhere in Germany.B.Somewhere in Britain.C.Somewhere in New York.D.Somewhere in America.(3).What kind of trip do you think will the woman choose?（分数：1.00）A.A three-day trip by train.B.A three-day trip by coach.C.An exclusiv
6、e three-day trip.D.A three-day trip without accommodation.Questions 17 20 are based on a report about high style cameras. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 20.（分数：4.00）(1).What is Canon Digital PowerShot S230 cameras size?（分数：1.00）A.Similar to a credit card.B.Similar to a necklace.C.Simil
7、ar to a cigarette box.D.Similar to a dressing case.(2).What are the target consumers of Digitai PowerShot S230 camera?（分数：1.00）A.Young white-collar men.B.Middle-aged white-collar men.C.Young white-collar women.D.Middle-aged white-collar women.(3).There is an ad that shows a photo of a fashionable bl
8、onde sheathed in clingy black dress, an ATM- card-size camera suspended like a necklace. Which company takes this ad?（分数：1.00）A.Canon.B.Sony.C.Nokia.D.Casio.(4).According to the report, which of the following sentences is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Now manufacturers are seeking a combination of high-tech f
9、eatures and “cool“ design.B.Those young white-collar women have not been the primary buyers of digital cameras.C.Digital technology is still a novelty nowadays.D.The Canon Digital PowerShot S230 camera is introduced in September,2002.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Broadly speaking, the Englishm
10、an is a quiet, shy, reserved person who is fully (21) only among people he knows well.In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems inhibited, (22) embarrassed. You have only to (23) a commuter train any morning or evening to see the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women s
11、it reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; no one speaks. In fact, to do so would seem most unusual. (24) ,there is here an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, (25) broken, makes the person immediately the object of (26) It is a well-known fact that the English have a (2
12、7) for the discussion of their weather and that, given half a chance, they will talk about it (28) Some people argue that it is because English weather (29) forecast and hence is a source of interest and (30) to everyone. This may be so. (31) Englishmen cannot have much (32) in the weathermen, who,
13、after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong (33) a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate or as inaccurateas the weathermen in his (34) The overseas visitors may be excused for showing surpris
14、e at the number of references (35) weather that the English make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are (36) by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isnt it? Beautiful!“ may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?“ (37) the foreigner may cons
15、ider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. (38) he wants to start a conversation with an Englishman but is (39) to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will (40) an answer fro
16、m even the most reserved of Englishmen.（分数：20.00）A.entertainedB.relaxedC.amusedD.enlightenedA.yetB.otherwiseC.evenD.thoughA.experienceB.undergoC.travelD.witnessA.ObviouslyB.ContrarilyC.FrequentlyD.PracticallyA.unlessB.ifC.whileD.as ifA.suspicionB.oppositionC.attackD.studyA.passionB.fancyC.necessityD
17、.judgmentA.at lengthB.to a great extentC.from their heartD.by all meansA.followsB.predictsC.defiesD.violatesA.contributionB.deductionC.contemplationD.speculationA.StillB.AlsoC.CertainlyD.FundamentallyA.faithB.relianceC.honorD.creditA.ifB.onceC.whenD.whereasA.propositionsB.predictionsC.approvalD.defi
18、anceA.aboutB.onC.as toD.toA.replacedB.conductedC.executedD.proposedA.SinceB.AlthoughC.HoweverD.BeforeA.Even ifB.BecauseC.lfD.ForA.at a lossB.at lastC.in factD.on the occasionA.stimulateB.constituteC.furnishD.provoke六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)R
19、evolutionary innovation is now occurring in all scientific and technological fields. This wave of unprecedented change is driven primarily by advances in information technology, but it is much larger in scope. We are not dealing simply with an Information Revolution but with a Technology Revolution.
20、To anticipate developments in this field, the George Washington University Forecast of Emerging Technologies was launched at the start of the 1990s. We have now completed four rounds of our Delphi survey in 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996 giving us a wealth of data and experience. We now can offer a reas
21、onably clear picture of what can be expected to happen in technology over the next three decades.Time horizons play a crucial role in forecasting technology. Forecasts of the next five to ten years are often so predictable that they fall into the realm of market research, while those more than 30 or
22、 40 years away are mostly speculation. This leaves a 10- to 20-year window in which to make useful forecasts. It is this time frame that our Forecast addresses.The Forecast uses diverse methods, including environmental scanning, trend analysis, Delphi surveys, and model building. Environmental scann
23、ing is used to identify emerging technologies. Trend analysis guides the selection of the most important technologies for further study, and a modified Delphi survey is used to obtain forecasts. Instead of using the traditional Delphi method of providing respondents with immediate feed- back and req
24、uesting additional estimates in order to arrive at a consensus, we conduct another survey after an additional time period of about two years.Finally, the results are portrayed in time periods to build models of unfolding technological change. By using multiple methods instead of relying on a single
25、approach, the Forecast can produce more reliable, useful estimates.For our latest survey conducted in 1996, we selected 85 emerging technologies representing the most crucial advances that can be foreseen. We then submitted the list of technologies to our panel of futurists for their judgments as to
26、 when (or if) each technological development would enter the mainstream, the probability that it would happen, and the estimated size of the economic market for it. In short, we sought a forecast as to when each emerging technology will have actually “emerged“.（分数：5.00）(1).What we are faced with at
27、present can be best described as a revolution in_.（分数：1.00）A.informationB.advanced methodC.scienceD.technology(2).The purpose of the Delphi survey is to _.（分数：1.00）A.foresee future technologiesB.influence future technologiesC.provide new technologiesD.design new technologies(3).Market researchers fo
28、cus on the technologies that will emerge in _.（分数：1.00）A.510 yearsB.1020 yearsC.2030 yearsD.3040 years(4).Various research methods are employed in order to_.（分数：1.00）A.reach a consensus of opinionsB.provide immediate feedbackC.increase the accuracy of predictionsD.select crucial technologies(5).The
29、job of the futurists is to _.（分数：1.00）A.estimate the frequency of technological developmentsB.forecast the significant technologies of the futureC.prepare the potential market for each technologyD.adjust the time of arrival of new technologies九、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The long years of food shortage
30、 in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food. Rationing is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on risin
31、g, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No one knows what to expect.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been une
32、xpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests in North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britains overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and home production has also raised.But the effect of all this on the food situation in
33、 this country has been made worse by simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are over- stocked with food not only because there is more food available but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it
34、. Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home- produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should no
35、t be enabled to benefit from this trend. The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers.The older generations have seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home mar
36、ket. Present production is running at 51 percent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 percent by 1956; but repeated ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion program is not working very well.（分数：5.00）(1).The main purpose of the first paragra
37、ph is _.（分数：1.00）A.to show the reason of food shortageB.to explain the conflict between the surplus of food supply and rising pricesC.to show the deteriorating living conditions of farmersD.to analyze the market demand for food supply(2).The main reason for this rise in food prices is that_.（分数：1.00
38、）A.domestic food production has decreasedB.the government is providing less support for agricultureC.imported food is driving prices higherD.people are buying less imported food(3).The decrease in world food prices was a result of_.（分数：1.00）A.a sharp fall in the purchasing power of the consumersB.a
39、sharp fall in the cost of food productionC.the overproduction of food in the food-importing countriesD.the overproduction on the part of the main food exporting countries(4).Why didnt the governments expansion program work very well?（分数：1.00）A.Because the farmers were uncertain about the benefits of
40、 expanding production.B.Because the farmers were uncertain about the financial support the government guaranteed.C.Because the farmers were uncertain whether foreign markets could be found for their product.D.Because the older generation of farmers were strongly against the program.(5).What did the
41、future look like for Britains food production at the time of writing this article?（分数：1.00）A.The fall in world food prices would benefit British food producers.B.An expansion of food production was at hand.C.British food producers would receive more government financial support.D.It looks depressing
42、 despite government guarantees.十、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Not all decisions are alike. Nor is every decision made in the same manner. Although some actions you undertake derive their basis from newly made decisions, there are other instances when decision-making does not really take place. The latter
43、, according to Deacon and Firebaugh, may involve routine, programmed, impulsive or intuitive action. When you wake up in the morning and prepare to attend class, do you consciously make decisions about such things as which side of your hair to comb first, how to brush your teeth, or which shoe to pu
44、t on first? Probably not. Although you may have made a conscious decision about what you were going to wear to class, you probably didnt spend any time in making a decision about how to get ready to attend class. Every individual has certain habits or routine behaviors. Although they originated from
45、 decisions made at an earlier time in your life, you no longer consciously make these decisions each time you undertake this type of action.Routine plans or actions serve a useful purpose in your daily life and management. How long would it take you to get up, get ready, and walk to class if you had
46、 to make separate decisions for each action you take? You use routine plans or action resources to make new decisions.In addition to the habitual behaviors or routines you follow, you also have certain specific actions you undertake in a given situation. These are called programmed decisions. Progra
47、mmed decisions are different from routines. Routine plans or actions are patterns of behavioral actions repeatedly undertaken on a consistent and regular basis. Programmed decisions, on the other hand, utilize your past experience in a similar situation. For instance, you know you are going to have
48、a test. Your method of studying for this test will be done using your knowledge of a similar experience. The degree of success previously achieved will be a determinant in how, when, where, and the length of time you study for this test.Programmed decisions, like routines, are a resource in your man
49、agement. When the action undertaken proves to be successful, you repeat the same action the next time when a similar situation occurs. This successful achievement, measured by the satisfaction you received, determines when and the extent to which you modify the original decision before employing it again in other like situations.Both routine and programmed
