1、公共英语四级-168 及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)History books and Hollywood westerns have created stereotypes of both the Indians and their white 1 2 , Indians have been portrayed as ignorant, murdering 3 ; the whites, on the other hand, have been 4 as brave adventurers, str
2、uggling to make homes in a new and hostile land. It is not surprising that 5 the years the Indians have developed a sense of personal and cultural 6 and the whites a sense of superiority. These feelings are 7 evident 8 the reservations. Government reservations have fostered a “paternalistic“ attitud
3、e of whites toward Indians, 9 Indians have been encouraged to be dependent upon whites for food and survival. It should come as no surprise 10 Indians, after years of isolation and dependency on reservations, often 11 motivation and self-esteem. In an attempt to 12 from a life of poverty and unemplo
4、yment, many Indians 13 to alcohol. Alcoholism is a major health problem on reservations and in some way 14 approximately 80 percent of the families. As one Sioux Indian explained, “When you“ve got no job, no money, and a house with a dirt roof, you“ve got good reason to want to get drunk.“ Despair h
5、as even harsher consequences. The suicide 15 among Indian teenagers is four times the national average. Traditionally, Indian schools have tried to force children to forget their Indian language and 16 in favor of white customs and 17 . As a result, many young people feel inferior to the 18 white Am
6、erican and are ashamed of their Indian heritage. 19 , however, this deplorable situation has begun to change 20 the efforts of sensitive teachers and school administrators.（分数：20.00）A.fellowsB.counterpartsC.peopleD.folksA.UsuallyB.HabituallyC.HistoricallyD.TraditionallyA.savagesB.primitivesC.barbari
7、ansD.slaughtersA.explainedB.referredC.describedD.thoughtA.withinB.overC.forD.duringA.securityB.inferiorityC.dignityD.aweA.strikinglyB.mainlyC.particularlyD.exceptionallyA.withB.inC.onD.atA.for exampleB.howeverC.onD.that isA.asB.thusC.whenD.thatA.lackB.needC.demandD.challengeA.escapeB.runC.fleeD.turn
8、A.takeB.resortC.turnD.switchA.effectsB.affectsC.concernsD.influencesA.numberB.rateC.figureD.ratioA.customB.familyC.cultureD.tribeA.valuesB.communityC.languagesD.educationA.commonB.mostC.ordinaryD.averageA.Now thatB.RecentlyC.NowadaysD.In the pastA.inB.withC.throughD.by二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0
9、.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Former England international football player Alan Shearer says there needs to be a zero tolerance policy to anyone found guilty of fixing in football matches. Six people were arrested on Sunday over fixing, allegations in the sport and have been bailed until April. “Yo
10、u are never going to stop betting but you have to stop the people inside,“ Shearer said, “It just cannot happen. If anyone is found guilty then there should be zero tolerance.“ Blackburn striker DJ Campbell was one of six people questioned by police in connection with fixing in football matches. The
11、 arrests were made following a story in The Sun Newspaper on Sunday in which Portmouth ex-player Sam Sodje told an undercover reporter he could arrange yellow and red cards in exchange for cash. Following the allegations, the government“s Culture Secretary Maria Miller called a meeting with leaders
12、from football, cricket, horse racing, rugby league and rugby union. Football Association general secretary Alex Home said it was “a very positive meeting“. He added: “The intelligence that we have is that this isn“t a wide-scale issue at the moment but we really welcome the impetus behind the Nation
13、al Crime Agency, it“s going to be a really important body for all of us in reminding people that these are criminal activities and that the criminal nature of these activities shouldn“t be underestimated.“ Staines Town manager Marcus Gayle, a former striker for Wimbledon when they were in the top fl
14、ight, says match-fixers approached one of his players. “I was disgusted that it is still around in the game,“ he said, “We“ve had a recent incident in an approach towards our club and a player but we had to do the fight thing. We reported it less than 24 hours. When it was indicated to me that somet
15、hing had gone on, my call was to the chief executive to say that we need to report this to the authorities as soon as possible as we don“t want any blemish on us as a club.“ In a separate investigation, the NCA is examining claims that an international betting syndicate was involved in match-fixing.
16、 Four people, including two Conference South players, have been charged with fixing-related offences as part of that investigation. It runs one of five schemes being funded by the European Commission to raise awareness of the issue, while it is working with leagues in six countriesincluding in the U
17、nited Kingdomto develop and pilot education programs.（分数：20.00）(1).What does the word “fixing“ refer to in Paragraph 1?（分数：4.00）A.Playing.B.Betting.C.Repairing.D.Tolerating.(2).What“s Alan Shearer“s attitude towards fixing in games?（分数：4.00）A.Only the insiders can bet.B.He can not tolerate such misb
18、ehaviors.C.He did not voice his opinions very clearly.D.He thought it is understandable though it“s improper.(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraphs 34?（分数：4.00）A.The situation is not as serious as supposed.B.A joint meeting was held to discuss the allegations.C.Some clubs wer
19、e induced to make some improper behaviors.D.Marcus Gale reported the possible match-fixing to the authorities after he knew it.(4).Which measure has NOT been taken to deal with the match-fixing?（分数：4.00）A.A joint meeting has been held to discuss it.B.The NCA is investigating an international betting
20、 syndicate.C.European Commission has funded a program to crack on fixing.D.Some footballers have been sentenced to life prison for their misbehaviors.(5).What is the theme of this passage?（分数：4.00）A.Some footballers charged with fixing were arrested.B.People call for zero tolerance towards match-fix
21、ing.C.Some measures are being taken to deal with match-fixing.D.Several stories were cited to show the seriousness of fixing in sports games.五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Reading to oneself is modem activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval (between AD 1100 and 1500
22、) worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading“ undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be careful, however, in assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction to others.
23、 Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character. The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number o
24、f readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners decreased, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway
25、 carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers. Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of materials such as newspapers was in so
26、me way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by book and magazines for a specialized readership on the other. By the end of th
27、e century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading“ implied.（分数：5.00）(1).Wh
28、y didn“t silent reading become common before the nineteenth century?（分数：1.00）A.There were few places for people to have silent reading.B.Few people could read for themselves.C.Scholars disagreed with this kind of reading before the 19th century.D.People all thought that “reading“ undoubtedly meant r
29、eading aloud.(2).What did the development of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicate?（分数：1.00）A.An increase in the number of listeners.B.An increase in the number of books.C.A decrease in literacy.D.A change in the nature of reading.(3).In education, were also arguing about _.（分数：1.00）
30、A.combining silent reading with reading aloudB.the amount of information students can get from books and newspapersC.the value of different types of reading materialD.the importance of using right reading skills(4).The mass media and specialized reading materials replaced the old shared literacy cul
31、ture. This fact shows that _.（分数：1.00）A.the techniques in printing had improvedB.reader“s interests had become variedC.literate people“s attitudes had changedD.books had been used for information(5).What is the author“s purpose in writing this passage?（分数：1.00）A.Encourage students to read more books
32、.B.Tell the importance of reading.C.Show how reading methods have changed.D.Explain how present reading habits developed.六、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：25.00)1.Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the drawing, 2) interpret its meaning, and 3) support y
33、our view with examples. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （分数：25.00）_公共英语四级-168 答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)History books and Hollywood westerns have created stereotypes of both the Indians and their white 1 2 , Indians have been portrayed as
34、 ignorant, murdering 3 ; the whites, on the other hand, have been 4 as brave adventurers, struggling to make homes in a new and hostile land. It is not surprising that 5 the years the Indians have developed a sense of personal and cultural 6 and the whites a sense of superiority. These feelings are
35、7 evident 8 the reservations. Government reservations have fostered a “paternalistic“ attitude of whites toward Indians, 9 Indians have been encouraged to be dependent upon whites for food and survival. It should come as no surprise 10 Indians, after years of isolation and dependency on reservations
36、, often 11 motivation and self-esteem. In an attempt to 12 from a life of poverty and unemployment, many Indians 13 to alcohol. Alcoholism is a major health problem on reservations and in some way 14 approximately 80 percent of the families. As one Sioux Indian explained, “When you“ve got no job, no
37、 money, and a house with a dirt roof, you“ve got good reason to want to get drunk.“ Despair has even harsher consequences. The suicide 15 among Indian teenagers is four times the national average. Traditionally, Indian schools have tried to force children to forget their Indian language and 16 in fa
38、vor of white customs and 17 . As a result, many young people feel inferior to the 18 white American and are ashamed of their Indian heritage. 19 , however, this deplorable situation has begun to change 20 the efforts of sensitive teachers and school administrators.（分数：20.00）A.fellowsB.counterparts C
39、.peopleD.folks解析：A.UsuallyB.HabituallyC.HistoricallyD.Traditionally 解析：A.savages B.primitivesC.barbariansD.slaughters解析：A.explainedB.referredC.described D.thought解析：A.withinB.over C.forD.during解析：A.securityB.inferiority C.dignityD.awe解析：A.strikinglyB.mainlyC.particularly D.exceptionally解析：A.withB.in
40、C.on D.at解析：A.for exampleB.howeverC.onD.that is 解析：A.asB.thusC.whenD.that 解析：A.lack B.needC.demandD.challenge解析：A.escape B.runC.fleeD.turn解析：A.takeB.resortC.turn D.switch解析：A.effectsB.affects C.concernsD.influences解析：A.numberB.rate C.figureD.ratio解析：A.customB.familyC.culture D.tribe解析：A.values B.com
41、munityC.languagesD.education解析：A.commonB.mostC.ordinaryD.average 解析：A.Now thatB.Recently C.NowadaysD.In the past解析：A.inB.withC.through D.by解析：二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Former England international football player Alan Shearer says there needs to be a zero toleranc
42、e policy to anyone found guilty of fixing in football matches. Six people were arrested on Sunday over fixing, allegations in the sport and have been bailed until April. “You are never going to stop betting but you have to stop the people inside,“ Shearer said, “It just cannot happen. If anyone is f
43、ound guilty then there should be zero tolerance.“ Blackburn striker DJ Campbell was one of six people questioned by police in connection with fixing in football matches. The arrests were made following a story in The Sun Newspaper on Sunday in which Portmouth ex-player Sam Sodje told an undercover r
44、eporter he could arrange yellow and red cards in exchange for cash. Following the allegations, the government“s Culture Secretary Maria Miller called a meeting with leaders from football, cricket, horse racing, rugby league and rugby union. Football Association general secretary Alex Home said it wa
45、s “a very positive meeting“. He added: “The intelligence that we have is that this isn“t a wide-scale issue at the moment but we really welcome the impetus behind the National Crime Agency, it“s going to be a really important body for all of us in reminding people that these are criminal activities
46、and that the criminal nature of these activities shouldn“t be underestimated.“ Staines Town manager Marcus Gayle, a former striker for Wimbledon when they were in the top flight, says match-fixers approached one of his players. “I was disgusted that it is still around in the game,“ he said, “We“ve h
47、ad a recent incident in an approach towards our club and a player but we had to do the fight thing. We reported it less than 24 hours. When it was indicated to me that something had gone on, my call was to the chief executive to say that we need to report this to the authorities as soon as possible
48、as we don“t want any blemish on us as a club.“ In a separate investigation, the NCA is examining claims that an international betting syndicate was involved in match-fixing. Four people, including two Conference South players, have been charged with fixing-related offences as part of that investigat
49、ion. It runs one of five schemes being funded by the European Commission to raise awareness of the issue, while it is working with leagues in six countriesincluding in the United Kingdomto develop and pilot education programs.（分数：20.00）(1).What does the word “fixing“ refer to in Paragraph 1?（分数：4.00）A.Playing.B.Betting. C.Repairing.D.Tolerating.解析：解析 释义题。由第一段第三句“You are never going to stop betting but you have to stop the people inside.”可知：在第一段中，“fixing”
