1、公共英语四级-166 及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)People living on part of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, 1 their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten
2、into the soft limestone cliffs 2 their gardens had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, 3 down the cliff and into the sea. Erosion of the white cliffs 4 the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more se
3、rious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be 5 as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most 6 and have drawn up a map for 7 people, 8 the year in which their homes will be 9 up by the hungry sea. 10 owners have 11 the Government to erect sea defenses
4、to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would 12 hundreds of millions of pounds and would 13 make the waves and currents go further along the coast, 14 the problem from one area to 15 . The danger is 16 to continue, they say
5、, 17 the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten 18 limestone is. 19 , if you want to buy a cheap house with an 20 future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be
6、a knockdown home.（分数：20.00）A.forB.inC.toD.onA.whichB.on whichC.thatD.in whichA.to slideB.slideC.slidD.slidingA.alongB.onC.aroundD.aboveA.abandonedB.abolishedC.burdenedD.forbiddenA.effectiveB.affectedC.effectingD.affectioA.nativeB.oldC.livingD.localA.broadcastingB.forecastingC.broadcastD.forecastA.sw
7、allowedB.shallowC.wallowedD.wallopedA.HungryB.AngryC.HungarianD.hopefulA.called inB.called forC.called onD.called upA.costB.spendC.takeD.payA.hardlyB.scarcelyC.merelyD.reallyA.changingB.convertingC.shiftingD.varyingA.the otherB.otherC.anotherD.othersA.possibleB.unlikeC.dislikeD.likelyA.whenB.untilC.
8、lestD.asA.likeB.whenC.asD.forA.MeanwhileB.HoweverC.FurthermoreD.MoreoverA.uncertainB.unstableC.unrealD.improper二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Revolutionary innovation is now occurring in all scientific and technological fields. This wave of unprecedented change is drive
9、n primarily by advances in information technology, but it is much larger in scope. We are not dealing simply with an Information Revolution but with a Technology Revolution. To anticipate developments in this field, the George Washington University Forecast of Emerging Technologies was launched at t
10、he start of the 1990s. We have now completed four rounds of our Delphi survey in 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996 giving us a wealth of data and experience. We now can offer a reasonably clear picture of what can be expected to happen in technology over the next three decades. Time horizons play a crucial
11、 role in forecasting technology. Forecasts of the next five to ten years are often so predictable that they fall into the realm of market research, while those more than 30 or 40 years away are mostly speculation. This leaves a 10- to 20-year window in which to make useful forecasts. It is this time
12、 frame that our Forecast addresses. The Forecast uses diverse methods, including environmental scanning, trend analysis, Delphi surveys, and model building. Environmental scanning is used to identify emerging technologies. Trend analysis guides the selection of the most important technologies for fu
13、rther study, and a modified Delphi survey is used to obtain forecasts. Instead of using the traditional Delphi method of providing respondents with immediate feed- back and requesting additional estimates in order to arrive at a consensus, we conduct another survey after an additional time period of
14、 about two years. Finally, the results are portrayed in time periods to build models of unfolding technological change. By using multiple methods instead of relying on a single approach, the Forecast can produce more reliable, useful estimates. For our latest survey conducted in 1996, we selected 85
15、 emerging technologies representing the most crucial advances that can be foreseen. We then submitted the list of technologies to our panel of futurists for their judgments as to when (or if) each technological development would enter the mainstream, the probability that it would happen, and the est
16、imated size of the economic market for it. In short, we sought a forecast as to when each emerging technology will have actually “emerged“.（分数：5.00）(1).What we are faced with at present can be best described as a revolution in_.（分数：1.00）A.informationB.advanced methodC.scienceD.technology(2).The purp
17、ose of the Delphi survey is to _.（分数：1.00）A.foresee future technologiesB.influence future technologiesC.provide new technologiesD.design new technologies(3).Market researchers focus on the technologies that will emerge in _.（分数：1.00）A.510 yearsB.1020 yearsC.2030 yearsD.3040 years(4).Various research
18、 methods are employed in order to_.（分数：1.00）A.reach a consensus of opinionsB.provide immediate feedbackC.increase the accuracy of predictionsD.select crucial technologies(5).The job of the futurists is to _.（分数：1.00）A.estimate the frequency of technological developmentsB.forecast the significant tec
19、hnologies of the futureC.prepare the potential market for each technologyD.adjust the time of arrival of new technologies五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexo
20、rable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most signific
21、ant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. We are even farther removed from the unfocu
22、sed newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War , at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the
23、critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journal
24、ism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, “ Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define “journalism“ as “a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who
25、are. “ Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England“s foremost cl
26、assical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. Is there any chan
27、ce that Cardus“s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been i
28、n headlong retreat.（分数：5.00）(1).It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that _（分数：1.00）A.arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B.English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C.high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D.young readers doubt the suitability
29、of criticism on dailies.(2).Newspaper reviews in England before World War were characterized by _（分数：1.00）A.free themes.B.casual styles.C.elaborate layout.D.radical viewpoints.(3).Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?（分数：1.00）A.It is writers“ duty to fulfill journalist
30、ic goals.B.It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C.Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D.Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.(4).What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?（分数：1.00）A.His music criticism may not appeal to readers toda
31、y.B.His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C.His style caters largely to modern specialists.D.His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.(5).What would be the best title for the text?（分数：1.00）A.Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB.The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC.Mournful Declin
32、e of JournalismD.Prominent Critics in Memory六、Section Writing(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.The graph shows the percentage of men and women employed in executive positions in ACME Oil Company from July 1993 to June 1994. Write a report of 160200 words for a university lecturer describing the information shown in
33、 the graph. Officer Grade A Highest Officer Grade E Lowest （分数：25.00）_2.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition based on the graph below. Remember that your composition should be written according to the following outline: (1) Rise and fall of the rate of car acc
34、idents as indicated by the graph. (2) Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city. (3) Your predictions of what will happen this year. You should write 160200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （分数：25.00）_公共英语四级-166 答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)People
35、 living on part of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, 1 their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs 2 their gardens had been built. While experts we
36、re studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, 3 down the cliff and into the sea. Erosion of the white cliffs 4 the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be 5 as the sea has crept fa
37、rther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most 6 and have drawn up a map for 7 people, 8 the year in which their homes will be 9 up by the hungry sea. 10 owners have 11 the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most case
38、s, this is impossible. New sea walls would 12 hundreds of millions of pounds and would 13 make the waves and currents go further along the coast, 14 the problem from one area to 15 . The danger is 16 to continue, they say, 17 the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten 18 lim
39、estone is. 19 , if you want to buy a cheap house with an 20 future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.（分数：20.00）A.forB.inC.to D.on解析：A.whichB.on which C.thatD.in wh
40、ich解析：A.to slideB.slideC.slidD.sliding 解析：A.along B.onC.aroundD.above解析：A.abandoned B.abolishedC.burdenedD.forbidden解析：A.effectiveB.affected C.effectingD.affectio解析：A.nativeB.oldC.livingD.local 解析：A.broadcastingB.forecasting C.broadcastD.forecast解析：A.swallowed B.shallowC.wallowedD.walloped解析：A.Hungr
41、yB.Angry C.HungarianD.hopeful解析：A.called inB.called forC.called on D.called up解析：A.cost B.spendC.takeD.pay解析：A.hardlyB.scarcelyC.merely D.really解析：A.changingB.convertingC.shifting D.varying解析：A.the otherB.otherC.another D.others解析：A.possibleB.unlikeC.dislikeD.likely 解析：A.whenB.until C.lestD.as解析：A.l
42、ikeB.whenC.as D.for解析：A.Meanwhile B.HoweverC.FurthermoreD.Moreover解析：A.uncertain B.unstableC.unrealD.improper解析：二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Revolutionary innovation is now occurring in all scientific and technological fields. This wave of unprecedented change is driv
43、en primarily by advances in information technology, but it is much larger in scope. We are not dealing simply with an Information Revolution but with a Technology Revolution. To anticipate developments in this field, the George Washington University Forecast of Emerging Technologies was launched at
44、the start of the 1990s. We have now completed four rounds of our Delphi survey in 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996 giving us a wealth of data and experience. We now can offer a reasonably clear picture of what can be expected to happen in technology over the next three decades. Time horizons play a crucia
45、l role in forecasting technology. Forecasts of the next five to ten years are often so predictable that they fall into the realm of market research, while those more than 30 or 40 years away are mostly speculation. This leaves a 10- to 20-year window in which to make useful forecasts. It is this tim
46、e frame that our Forecast addresses. The Forecast uses diverse methods, including environmental scanning, trend analysis, Delphi surveys, and model building. Environmental scanning is used to identify emerging technologies. Trend analysis guides the selection of the most important technologies for f
47、urther study, and a modified Delphi survey is used to obtain forecasts. Instead of using the traditional Delphi method of providing respondents with immediate feed- back and requesting additional estimates in order to arrive at a consensus, we conduct another survey after an additional time period o
48、f about two years. Finally, the results are portrayed in time periods to build models of unfolding technological change. By using multiple methods instead of relying on a single approach, the Forecast can produce more reliable, useful estimates. For our latest survey conducted in 1996, we selected 8
49、5 emerging technologies representing the most crucial advances that can be foreseen. We then submitted the list of technologies to our panel of futurists for their judgments as to when (or if) each technological development would enter the mainstream, the probability that it would happen, and the estimated size of the economic market for
