1、公共英语四级-161 及答案解析(总分：79.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer“s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit-flies who were taught to be smarter than the
2、average fruit-flies 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence, it 5 , is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learninga 7 learni
3、ng instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they“ve apparently learned is when to 8 . Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That“s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we“ve le
4、ft in the dust I. Q. wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I“ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , i
5、s running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 ,
6、they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.“（分数：20.00）A.SupposeB.ConsiderC.ObserveD.ImagineA.tendedB.fearedC.happenedD.threatenedA.thinnerB.more stableC.lighterD.dimmerA.tendencyB.advantageC.inclinationD.priorityA.insi
7、sts onB.sums upC.turns outD.puts forwardA.offB.behindC.overD.alongA.incredibleB.spontaneousC.inevitableD.gradualA.fightB.doubtC.stopD.thinkA.invisibleB.limitedC.indefiniteD.differentA.upwardB.forwardC.afterwardD.backwardA.featuresB.influencesC.resultsD.costsA.outsideB.onC.byD.acrossA.deliverB.carryC
8、.performD.applyA.by chanceB.in contrastC.as usualD.for instanceA.ifB.unlessC.asD.lestA.moderateB.overcomeC.determineD.reachA.atB.forC.afterD.withA.Above allB.After allC.HoweverD.OtherwiseA.fundamentalB.comprehensiveC.equivalentD.hostileA.By accidentB.In timeC.So farD.Better still二、Section Reading Co
9、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Writer Kenneth Davis says American history is full of adventure and surprises. The author of the book Don“t Know Much about History is slowly convincing Americans that the subject isn“t boring. Mr. Davis says he first felt the force of history as a nine-year
10、old child when he visited Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, the site of an historic 1863 battle in the American Civil War. Some 50, 000 soldiers on the Northern and Southern sides were either killed or wounded there. “Standing there in those fields in the summer heat, feeling something extraordinary had hap
11、pened here, you can“t stand in that place and not feel that you“re in the midst of something extraordinary and something very deep,“ he says. “So for me, history was always about the humanity, the people, and not always necessarily the famous people.“ He says the great social or political movements
12、in the United States often started with ordinary people. “Whether we“re talking about the abolition of slavery, the movement for women to vote, the suffrage movement as it was called, even the temperance movement that prohibited alcohol, the civil rights movement, all these things came from the bott
13、om up, they were grassroots movements, usually that the politicians resisted to the very end and had to be dragged kicking and screaming every inch of the way, “he notes. Mr. Davis recounts the stories of such movements in his book, which has now sold 1.5 million copies. He has written similar works
14、 on geography, the Bible, and other subjects for both adults and children. He says one lesson he draws from history is that people can change the country by mobilizing their neighbors or by voting. Sometimes, he adds, change comes about through the force of an individual personality. “Whether it“s a
15、 Washington and a Thomas Jefferson in the early days of America or a Franklin D. Roosevelt, or a Ronald Reagan, these are people whose personalities and character do absolutely make a difference on their times,“ he adds. He says these people were often flawed. Jefferson, for example ,was a great cha
16、mpion of liberty and author of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. But he was also a slave owner. And two of the country“s founding fathers were locked in a bitter feud that proved deadly for one of them. “200 years ago, on July 11, Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr faced off at 10 paces and Burr
17、shoots Hamilton and kills him in a duel, “he says. “This was the sitting vice president of America and the former secretary of the treasury of America. Can you imagine today Vice President Dick Cheney challengingformer treasury secretary Paul O“Neill to aduel because he didn“t like his book? That mo
18、ment speaks to the extraordinary larger-than-life characters who have peopled American history during these 228 years since we became a nation.“ While Americans often overlook such episodes, not all the stories they cherish are accurate. For example, the tale is widely told about George Washington c
19、utting down a cherry tree as a youngster, then admitting it to his father, unable to tell a lie. As far as historians know, it never happened. But the writer says the real story of the nation is much more interesting than the list of dates and battles taught in schools. He says the story is as engag
20、ing as any found in fiction.（分数：4.00）(1).What does the phrase“ grassroots movements“( in L4, Para. 2)mean?（分数：0.80）A.Movements led by influential leaders.B.Movements started with ordinary people.C.Widespread movements echoed by people across the country.D.Movements started from rural areas.(2).What
21、do you know from the passage about the book Don“t Know Much about History?（分数：0.80）A.The author“s name is Kenneth Davis.B.It is a boring book about US histories.C.The book has been sold over 2 million copies.D.BothA.andC(3).Gettysburg is_.（分数：0.80）A.the site of a major Union victory in the Civil War
22、B.in the state of PennsylvaniaC.famous for Abraham Lincoln“s famous Gettysburg AddressD.all of above(4).Which of the following is a false story according to the author?（分数：0.80）A.George Washington cutting down a cherry tree and admitting it to his father.B.Jefferson was a slave owner.C.Alexander Ham
23、ilton and Aaron Burr were locked in a bitter feud.D.Dick Cheney challenging former treasury secretary Paul O“Neill.(5).We can describe Kenneth Davis as_.（分数：0.80）A.publisher of the book Don“t Know Much about HistoryB.an author challenging people“s common belief in historical figuresC.a writer writin
24、g only about historical events and figuresD.a great politician五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)If you look closely at some of the early copies of the Declaration of Independence, beyond the flourished signature of John Hancock and the other 55 men who signed it, you will also find the name of one woman, Ma
25、ry Katherine Goddard. It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published the first official copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies. Mary Goddard first got into printing at the age of twenty-four when
26、her brother opened a printing shop in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1762. When he proceeded to get into trouble with his partners and creditors, it was Mary Goddard and her mother who were left to run the shop. In 1765 they began publishing the Providence Gazette, a weekly newspaper. Similar problems
27、 seemed to follow her brother as he opened businesses in Philadelphia and again in Baltimore. Each time Ms. Goddard was brought in to run the newspapers. After starting Baltimore“s first newspaper, The Maryland Journal, in 1773, her brother went broke trying to organize a colonial postal service. Wh
28、ile he was in debtor“s prison, Mary Katherine Goddard“s name appeared On the newspaper“s masthead for the first time. When the Continental Congress fled there from Philadelphia in 1776, it commissioned Ms. Goddard to print the first official version of the Declaration of Independence in January 1777
29、: After printing the documents, she herself paid the post riders to deliver the Declaration throughout the colonies. During the American Revolution, Mary Goddard continued to publish Baltimore“s only newspaper, which one historian claimed was “second to none among the colonies“. She was also the cit
30、y“s postmaster from 1775 to 1789appointed by Benjamin Frankliand is considered to be the first woman to hold a federal position.（分数：5.00）(1).With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?（分数：1.00）A.The accomplishments of a female publisher.B.The weakness of the newspaper indus
31、try.C.The rights of a female publisher.D.The publishing system in colonial America.(2).Mary Goddard“s name appears on the Declaration of Independence because_.（分数：1.00）A.she helped write the original documentB.she published the documentC.she paid to have the document printedD.her brother was in pris
32、on(3).The word “heralded“ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to _.（分数：1.00）A.influencedB.announcedC.rejectedD.ignored(4).It can be inferred from the passage that Mary Goddard was _.（分数：1.00）A.an accomplished businesswomanB.extremely wealthyC.a member of the Continental CongressD.a famous w
33、riter(5).The word“position”in the last line is closest in meaning to_.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section Writing(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.Directions: Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay on it. In your essay, you should (1 describe the cartoon briefly, (2) analyze this situation, and (3) give yo
34、ur comments.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （分数：25.00）_2.Write an article on advertisement. Your article should cover the points below: 1)The omnipresence (无所不再, 普遍) of advertisements 2) Their advantages 3) Their disadvantages You should write 160200 words neatly on ANSWER S
35、HEET 2 （分数：25.00）_公共英语四级-161 答案解析(总分：79.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer“s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit-flies who were taught to be
36、smarter than the average fruit-flies 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is a(n) 4 in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence, it 5 , is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on l
37、earninga 7 learning instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they“ve apparently learned is when to 8 . Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That“s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the
38、 species we“ve left in the dust I. Q. wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I“ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with
39、 an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of i
40、t there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.“（分数：20.00）A.SupposeB.Consider C.ObserveD.Imagine解析：解析 本题考查动词辨析。文章第一句说 Research on animal intelligence alwaysmakes me wonder just how smart humans are“对动物智慧的研
41、究总是让我对人类到底有多聪明感到好奇”。接着就举果蝇实验的例子，该句要选择的动词应与上句在语义上衔接。consider 意为考虑，细想，放在句首，该句意为“细想一下果蝇实验”合文意，所以本题选择 B。suppose 认为，假定；observe 观察；imagine 想象。A.tended B.fearedC.happenedD.threatened解析：解析 本题考查固定搭配。本题各选项与 to 搭配含义不同，end to to do sth易于，往往会；fear to do sth害怕做某事；happen to 碰巧做某事；threaten to 威胁要做某事。Fruit-flies who
42、 were taught to be smarter than the average fruit-flies to live shorter lives原文讲述的是实验的结果，即“受训变得更聪明的果蝇的寿命往往比普通果蝇短”，故选 A。A.thinnerB.more stableC.lighterD.dimmer 解析：解析 本题考查形容词辨析。本题中的形容词比较级在句中作定语修饰 bulbs，上句讲到“聪明的果蝇寿命往往较短”，这句接着用灯泡作类比，承接上句语义，意思是越不亮的灯泡用的时间越长，所以选 D。dimmer 较暗的；lighter 更亮的，与前文意思相悖；thinner 更薄的
43、，更瘦的；more stable 更稳定的。A.tendencyB.advantage C.inclinationD.priority解析：解析 本题考查名词辨析和固定搭配。本题能与 in 搭配的名词。选项 Atendency 意为趋势，倾向，后面常接介词 for 或动词不定式，即 a tendency for sth或 a tendency to do sth。意为(做)某事的倾向；B 项 advantage 优势，后常接介词 in，即 an advantage in sth在某方面具有优势；Cinclination 倾向，后常接介词 for 或动词不定式，即 an inclination
44、for sth或 an inclination to do sth意为想做某事；Dpriority 优先权，后常接 over，如：take priority over sth/sb意为(比某事/某人)具有优先权，所以此题选择 B。A.insists onB.sums upC.turns out D.puts forward解析：解析 本题考查动词短语辨析。insist on 坚持；sum up 总计，总结；turn out 结果是；put forward“提出”。从上文可知，“聪明的果蝇寿命往往较短”，以及“不太聪明是有优势的”，因此可以得出“聪明也是要付出代价的”这一结论，所以选择 C 项。
45、A.off B.behindC.overD.along解析：解析 本题考查介词辨析。空格所填的词体现与 the starting line(起跑线)的逻辑关系。Bbehind 和 Cover 用于体现空间位置关系，可以首先排除。Dalong 指“沿着起跑线徘徊”，这与后面的 process 意思不符；选项 Aoff 有“离开”之意，slow off the starting line 表示“离开起跑线慢了”，即“起步慢了”，但仍在进步，与后文逻辑一致，故选 A。A.incredibleB.spontaneousC.inevitableD.gradual 解析：解析 本题考查形容词辨析。本形容词
46、做 process 的定语，破折号表示对前面 learning 的解释。这里把 learning(学习)与 instinct(本能)作对比，结合前文的 slow，以及学习自身的特点可知，只有gradual“逐步的，逐渐”的符合题意，故选择 D 项。incredi hie 难以置信的；spontaneous 自发的；inevitable 不可避免的。A.fightB.doubtC.stop D.think解析：解析 本题考查名词辨析。由上文的 Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they“ve appa
47、rently learned is when to _可知，聪明需要学习，很多物种都能够学习，但都没有变聪明，这是因为它们还学会了适时停止学习。因此选 C 项 stop。fight 斗争；doubt 怀疑；think 考虑，思考。A.invisibleB.limited C.indefiniteD.different解析：解析 本题考查形容词辨析。本题的形容词作定语修饰 intelligence，由上文可知，智慧越多，付出的代价越多，因此智慧肯定是有限的，所以选择 B 项 limited。invisible 看不见的；indefinite 不确定的；different 不同的。A.upward
48、B.forwardC.afterwardD.backward 解析：解析 本题考查副词辨析。本题的 A、B 和 D 项是表示方向的副词，C 项表示时间。空白处后面的we“ve left in the dust IQwise 作定语修饰 the species，由句子用现在完成时可判断是回头看已经发生的事情，所以选择 D 项 backward。cast a glance at.意为“对投以目光”。A.featuresB.influencesC.resultsD.costs 解析：解析 本题考查名词辨析。本题选择名词，做宾语从句的主语it implicitly asks what the real _ of our own intelligence might be“这项实验含蓄地提出一个问题：人类智慧的真正可能是什么。”前文已经提到 Intelligence.is a high-priced option，因此应选 D 项 costs代价。features 特征；influences 影响；results 结果。A.outsideB.on C.byD.across解析：解析 本题考查固定搭配。本题选择介词，与 mind 搭配。on one“s mind 或 on the mind of sb是固定短语，意为“有心事，总是想着”，其他三项均不能与 mind 构成固定
