1、公共英语四级-155 及答案解析(总分：78.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes 1 different nations compete against each other in a 2 of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics. In or
2、der to 3 the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee (IOC). After all proposals have been 4 , the IOC votes. If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues, with 5 rounds, unt
3、il a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, 6 the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the 7 of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them are which city has, or promises to build, the best faciliti
4、es, and which organizing committee seems most likely to 8 the Games effectively. The IOC also 9 which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. 10 , Tokyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico City, Mexico, the host of the 1968 Summer Games, were chosen 11 to popularize the O
5、lympic movement in Asia and in Latin America. 12 the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into 13 the host city“s time zone. 14 the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay 15 higher am
6、ounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events 16 , in prime viewing hours. 17 the Games have been awarded, it is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television 18 and with corporate sponsorship
7、s, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many 19 there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games. the Olympics can be financially 20 . When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with la
8、rge debts.（分数：20.00）A.inB.forC.ofD.fromA.lotB.numberC.varietyD.seriesA.hostB.takeC.runD.organizeA.supportedB.submittedC.substitutedD.subordinatedA.suggestiveB.successfulC.successiveD.succeedingA.lettingB.settingC.permittingD.allowingA.siteB.spotC.locationD.placeA.stateB.stageC.startD.sponsorA.thinks
9、B.reckonsC.considersD.calculatesA.For instanceB.As a resultC.In briefD.On the wholeA.in timeB.in partC.in caseD.in commonA.SinceB.BecauseC.As forD.Because ofA.amountB.accountC.accordD.acclaimA.HoweverB.WhateverC.WheneverD.WhereverA.greatlyB.handsomelyC.meaningfullyD.significantlyA.liveB.livingC.aliv
10、eD.livelyA.UntilB.UnlessC.WhetherD.OnceA.incomesB.interestsC.revenuesD.returnsA.casesB.conditionsC.chancesD.circumstancesA.safeB.riskyC.temptingD.feasible二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It“s plain common sensethe more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experien
11、ce. It“s plain common sense, but it“s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently. People might think that the higher a person“s level of unhappiness, the l
12、ower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people“s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two. The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can coexist much like love and hate in a close relationship
13、 may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won“t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a
14、genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn“t appear to be anyone“s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself. Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feelinghappines
15、s is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who“s happy, who isn“t and why. To date, the research hasn“t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings. Why
16、 is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn“t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that“s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition c
17、an be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the text, it is true that _（分数：1.00）A.unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.B.happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.C.unhappiness is subject to ex
18、ternal more than internal factors.D.happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.(2).The author argues that one can achieve happiness by _（分数：1.00）A.maintaining it at an average level.B.escaping miserable occurrences in life.C.pursuing it with one“s painstaking effort.D.realizing its coexistenc
19、e with unhappiness.(3).The phrase “To date“ (Par. 4) can be best replaced by _（分数：1.00）A.As a result.B.In addition.C.At present.D.Until now.(4).What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?（分数：1.00）A.One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.B.They are independent but
20、existing concurrentlyC.One feels happy by participating in more activities.D.They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.(5).The sentence “that“s that“ (Par. 5) probably means Some people are born to be sad _（分数：1.00）A.and the situation cannot be altered.B.and happiness remains inaccessible
21、.C.but they don“t think much about it.D.but they remain unconscious of it.五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The biggest danger facing the global airline industry is not the effects of terrorism, war, SARS and economic downturn. It is that these blows, which have helped ground 3 national flag-carriers and fo
22、rce two American airlines into bankruptcy, will divert attention from the inherent weaknesses of aviation, which they have exacerbated. As in the crisis that attended the first Gulf War, many airlines hope that traffic will soon bounce back, and a few catastrophic years will be followed by fuller pl
23、anes, happier passengers and a return to profitability. Yet the industry“s problems are deeper and older than the trauma of the past two years implies. As the centenary of the first powered flight approached in December, the industry it launched is still remarkably primitive. The car industry, creat
24、ed not long after the Wright Brothers made history, is now a global industry dominated by a dozen firms, at least half of which make good profits. Yet commercial aviation consists of 267 international carders and another 500-plus domestic ones. The world“s biggest carrier, American Airlines, has bar
25、ely 7% of the global market, whereas the world“s biggest carmaker, General Motors, has (with its associated firms) about a quarter of the world“s automobile market. Aviation has been incompletely deregulated, and in only two markets: America and Europe. Everywhere else deals between governments dict
26、ate who flies under what rules. These aims to preserve state-owned national flag-carriers, run for prestige rather than profit. And numerous restrictions on foreign ownership impede cross-border airline mergers. In America, the big network carriers face barriers to exit, which have kept their route
27、networks too large. Trade unions resisting job cuts and Congressmen opposing route closures in their territory conspire to block change. In Europe, liberalization is limited by bilateral deals that prevent, for instance, British Airways (BA) flying to America from Frankfurt or Paris, or Lufthansa of
28、fering transatlantic flights from London“s Heathrow. To use the car industry analogy, it is as if only Renaults were allowed to drive on French motorways. In airlines, the optimists are those who think that things are now so bad that the industry has no option but to evolve. Frederick Reid, presiden
29、t of Delta Air Lines, said earlier this year that events since the September 11th attacks are the equivalent of a meteor strike, changing the climate, creating a sort of nuclear winter and leading to a “compressed evolutionary cycle“. So how, looking on the bright side, might the industry look after
30、 5 years of accelerated development?（分数：4.00）(1).According to the author, the deeper problems of aviation industry _.（分数：0.80）A.are the effects of various disastersB.are actually not fully recognizedC.are attracting a lot of attentionD.are not the real cause of airlines“ bankruptcy(2).One of the fac
31、ts that reflect the primitiveness of airline industry is _.（分数：0.80）A.its history is much longer than that of car industryB.it is composed of international and domestic carriersC.its market is divided by many a relatively small carrierD.it is still an industry of comparatively low profits(3).What do
32、cs the author mean by “aviation has been incompletely deregulated“ ? (in Para. 3)（分数：0.80）A.Governmental restrictions are still imposed on aviation industry in many areas.B.Governments help establish rules for aviation industry only in America and Europe.C.Some countries hope to help their national
33、carriers keep up their national prestige.D.Many countries discourage merger plans between foreign and domestic carriers.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：0.80）A.free competition may help solve the problems confronting aviation industryB.problems in America are more of a political na
34、ture than that in EuropeC.car industry should exert a more powerful influence on aviation industryD.them is still a long way to go before the problems can be solved(5).According to Fredrick Reid, the aviation industry _.（分数：0.80）A.is facing a very serious situationB.will confront a difficult evoluti
35、onC.has no way out of the present difficultyD.will experience a radical reform六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：4.00)When we worry about who might be spying on our private lives, we usually think about the Federal agents. But the private sector outdoes the government every time. It“s Linda Tripp, not the FBI, wh
36、o is facing charges under Maryland“s laws against secret telephone taping. It“s our banks, not the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), that pass our private financial data to telemarketing firms. Consumer activists are pressing Congress for better privacy laws without much result so far. The legislators
37、 lean toward letting business people track our financial habits virtually at will. As an example of what“s going on, consider U. S. Bancorp, which was recently sued for deceptive practices by the state of Minnesota. According to the lawsuit, the bank supplied a telemarketer called Member- Works with
38、 sensitive customer data such as names, phone numbers, bank-accounts and credit-card numbers, Social Security numbers, account balances and credit limits. With these customer lists in hand, MemberWorks started dialing for dollarsselling dental plans, videogames, computer software and other products
39、and services. Customers who accepted a “free trial offer“ had 50 days to cancel. If the deadline passed, they were Charged automatically through their bank or credit-card accounts. U.S. Bancorp collected a share of the revenues. Customers were doubly deceived, the lawsuit claims. They didn“t know th
40、at the bank was giving account numbers to MemberWorks. And if customers asked, they were led to think the answer was no. The state sued McmberWorks separately for deceptive selling. The company defends that it did anything wrong. For its part, U.S. Baneorp settled without admitting any mistakes. But
41、 it agreed to stop exposing its customers to nonfinancial products sold by outside firms. A few top banks decided to de the same. Many other banks will still do business with MemberWorks and similar firms. And banks will still be mining data from your account in order to sell you financial products,
42、 including things of little value, such as credit insurance and credit-card protection plans. You have almost no protection from businesses that use your personal accounts for profit. For example, no federal law shields “transaction and experience“ informationmainly the details of your bank and cred
43、it-card accounts. Social Security numbers are for sale by private firms. They“ve generally agreed not to sell to the public. But to businesses, the numbers are an open book. Self-regulation doesn“t work. A firm might publish a privacy-protection policy, but who enforces it? Take U.S. Bancorp again.
44、Customers were told, in writing, that “all personal information you supply to us will be considered confidential.“ Then it sold your data to MemberWorks. The bank even claims that it doesn“t “sell“ your data at all: It merely “shares“ it and reaps a profit. Now you know.（分数：4.00）(1).Contrary to popu
45、lar belief, the author finds that spying on people“s privacy _.（分数：0.80）A.is mainly carried out by means of secret taping.B.has been intensified with the help of the IRS.C.is practiced exclusively by the FBI.D.is more prevalent in business circles.(2).We know from the passage that _.（分数：0.80）A.legis
46、lators are acting to pass a law to provide better privacy protection.B.most states are turning a blind eye to the deceptive practices of private businesses.C.the state of Minnesota is considering drawing up laws to protect private information.D.lawmakers are inclined to give a free hand to businesse
47、s to inquire into customers“ buyinghabits.(3).When the “free trial“ deadline is over, you“ll be charged without notice for a product or service if_.（分数：0.80）A.you fail to cancel it within the specified period.B.you happen to reveal your credit card number.C.you find the product or service unsatisfac
48、tory.D.you fail to apply for extension of the deadline.(4).Businesses do not regard information concerning personal bank accounts as private because_.（分数：0.80）A.its revelation will do no harm to consumers under the current protection policyB.it is considered “transaction and experience“ information
49、unprotected by law.C.it has always been considered an open secret by the general public.D.its sale can be brought under control through self-regulation.(5).We can infer from the passage that_.（分数：0.80）A.banks will have to change their ways of doing business.B.privacy protection laws will soon be enforced.C.consumers“ privacy will continue to be invaded.D.“free trial“ practice will eventually be banned.七、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)As the U.S. government budget crisis enters the second week, there are concerns that the rival
