1、公共英语四级-152 及答案解析(总分：65.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Glass is everywhere in our lives. It is so common 1 we hardly think about it. We 2 it when we look out of the window and if we wear glasses. We drink from it and sometimes eat from it. The light in our homes comes through glass
2、 windows in the daytime and from glass lights 3 . Glass 4 in homes, schools, businesses, industry, and automobiles. Fortunately for us, glass is 5 very inexpensive materials. The main material is sand from quartz rock. The mixture is heated until it becomes a syrupy 6 . When the liquid cools, it bec
3、omes glass. No one knows 7 first discovered glass or how. Early humans used obsidian, a natural glass 8 by volcanoes, to make tools and jewelry. People probably began making glass themselves around 3000 B.C. in Syria. Then in a war 9 Egypt and Syria in 1400 B. C., Syria became part of Egypt. The Egy
4、ptians took Syrian glassmakers 10 to Egypt, and over the centuries the entire eastern Mediterranean area became a glassmaking center. Probably around 300 B.C. the blowpipe 11 . Egyptian glassmakers developed the use of the blowpipe. They specialized 12 beautiful jewelry, dishes, and other containers
5、. The Romans soon started making their own glass. Then they 13 that glass could be used to make windows. 14 centuries later, Europeans made magnificent church windows 15 colored glass. 16 1900 companies have developed many new types of glass. Safety glass is a sandwich of glass and plastic. If it br
6、eaks, the pieces stay together 17 flying in all directions. This invention is very useful 18 automobile windows. Today most glass is made 19 machines in large factories. No one 20 it. People use television and computers to control the machines.（分数：20.00）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.asA.look forB.look inC.l
7、ook afterD.look throughA.in nightB.at nightC.for nightD.with nightA.was usedB.usedC.is usedD.are usedA.made fromB.made ofC.make fromD.make ofA.solidB.the solidC.the liquidD.liquidA.whomB.whoeverC.whoD.whoseA.was fromB.formedC.was formedD.was formingA.betweenB.amongC.beneathD.bothA.fromB.goC.backD.co
8、meA.was discoveredB.was inventedC.discoveredD.inventedA.inB.onC.forD.fromA.knewB.recognizedC.toldD.realizedA.FewB.LittleC.A fewD.A littleA.fromB.toC.intoD.onA.BecauseB.AsC.ForD.SinceA.insteadB.take place ofC.instead ofD.replaceA.onB.ontoC.intoD.inA.intoB.forC.byD.fromA.smellsB.touchesC.seesD.feels二、
9、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex networ
10、k composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad(无数) of services, including labor, professions, transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationship of all these prices make the “system“ of prices. The price of any particular prod
11、uct or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price“, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of
12、 a product or service, or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service .as agreed upon in market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular trans- action, much more than the money involved m
13、ust be known. Both the buyer and seller should be“ familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and
14、 discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privilege, and other factors. In other words, both the buyer and the seller should be fully aware of all the factors that compose the total “package“ being exchanged for the asked-for amount of mon
15、ey in order that they may evaluate a given price.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the passage about?（分数：1.00）A.The Advantages of the Price System.B.The Complexities of the Price System.C.The Different Forms of Transaction.D.The Prices of Products and Services in Markets.(2).According to the passage, the price s
16、ystem is related primarily to _.（分数：1.00）A.labor and educationB.transportation and insuranceC.public utilitiesD.products and services(3).According to the passage, all the following factors are true in the complete understanding of price except _.（分数：1.00）A.the money amountB.the quantity of a product
17、C.instructions that comes with a productD.warranties that cover a product(4).In the last sentence, the quoted word “package“ refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.return privilegesB.buyers and sellersC.cash and creditsD.all the factors(5).The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses _.（分数：1.00）A.effec
18、tive methods to advertise productsB.forms of payment plans for productsC.theories about how service affects different levels of societyD.how certain elements of a total price “package“ influence its market value五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Sleep plays a major role in preparing the body for an alert and
19、 productive tomorrow. But sleep is not a period of inactivity. The sleeping brain is highly active at various times during the night, performing numerous “house keeping tasks“. These keep us alive and aid our ability to think and remember. Sleep also energizes the body and brain. Most people spend o
20、ne-third of their lives sleeping and this will affect the other two-thirds in terms of alertness, energy, moods, body weight, perception, memory, thinking, reaction time, productivity and performance. To limit sleep means our health and daytime potential are significantly reduced. So, good sleep str
21、ategies are essential in order to feel energized day after day. There is no strategy which works for everyone, so each person needs to experiment. One important thing is that you shouldn“t worry too much if you go a few nights without a lot of sleep. It won“t ruin your life. On any given night, one
22、in four people can“t sleep properly and everyone suffers from a lack of sleep at some time. How does one minimize this problem? It is really quite simple. The first thing you must do is to reduce stress as much as possible. Stress is part of everyday life and, while we can never be entirely without
23、stress, it can be managed. This means taking control of your life and focusing on what is important. One sleeping strategy is to sit in a comfortable position, close your eyes and relax all your muscles, breathing easily through your nose. Continue this for ten to twenty minutes. This should help yo
24、u reduce stress and sleep better. Or, you can try getting plenty of exercise, because a tired body is likely to sleep better.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the article, sleep is important because_.（分数：1.00）A.it is a period of complete inactivity for the brainB.it helps us understand what we have already
25、achievedC.it makes us more effective when we are awakeD.it helps us to lose weight(2).Methods of getting enough sleep_.（分数：1.00）A.vary between men and womenB.are the same for everybodyC.will vary according to the personD.should be based on your job(3).According to the article, being unable to sleep_
26、.（分数：1.00）A.affects young children the mostB.will affect everybody at some timeC.is worse for those who have relaxing livesD.is likely to ruin people“ life(4).A simple strategy to sleep better is to_.（分数：1.00）A.Worker harder than you couldB.put your stress under controlC.breathe through your noseD.s
27、leep on a chair instead bed(5).After a lot of physical exercise, _.（分数：1.00）A.you should find stress increases dramaticallyB.you will become out of breathC.you should be able to enjoy better sleepD.you will not need to sleep for some time六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Du Bois was a sociological and educa
28、tional pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progress of black Americans. He challenged what is called the “Tuskegee machine“ of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the US. A sociologist a
29、nd historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided. Unlike Washington, whose roots were the southern black agriculture, Du Bois“s career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education
30、 from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University Studies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist
31、 for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro : A Social Study, in which he examined that city“s black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Bois“s Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America. Du
32、Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 1905, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal
33、 of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth shouId have genuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1)public schooling should be free and compulsory for
34、 all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopolized by any special class or race. As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accornmodationist ideol
35、ogy of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referr
36、ed to as the “talented tenth“, according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college education in preparation for leadership.（分数：5.00）(1).Compared with B. T. Washington, Du Bois“s political stand was _.（分数：1.00）A.less popularB.more radicalC.less aggressiveD.more c
37、onservative(2).According to the text, Du Bois worked as all of the following EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.an editorB.an educatorC.a scholarD.an official(3).It is Du Bois“s belief that_.（分数：1.00）A.the blacks have a priority in terms of educationB.higher education should be free for all racesC.everyone has an
38、equal right to educationD.development in education should be gradual(4).Which of the following statements is true according to the text?（分数：1.00）A.Washington would not appreciate the idea of overthrowing social order.B.Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology.C.Washington would n
39、ot support determined activist leadership.D.The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：1.00）A.many blacks are prepared for leadershipB.Du Bois was in favor of “elite education“ for blacksC.Washington and Du Bois had never be
40、en friendsD.only the top 10 percent are worth educating七、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single p
41、ollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light that they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but alway
42、s functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked as an unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator. To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing sh
43、apes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest different insects at different times. Once the right insect has be
44、en attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survi
45、val of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors.（分数：5.00）(1).The orchid is unique because of_.（分数：1.00）A.the habitat in which it livesB.the structure of its blossomC.the variety of products that can be made from itD.the length of its life(
46、2).How many orchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?（分数：1.00）A.No specific figure is given in the passgae.B.2,000.C.20,000.D.200,000.(3).Which of the following is a kind of petal?（分数：1.00）A.The column.B.The sepal.C.The stem.D.The labellum.(4).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a me
47、ans by which an orchid attracts insects?（分数：1.00）A.Size.B.Shape.C.Color.D.Scent.(5).Which of the following statements about orchids scents does the passage support?（分数：1.00）A.They are effective only when an insect is near the blossom.B.Harmful insects are repelled by them.C.They are difficult to tel
48、l apart.D.They may change at different times.八、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：25.00)1.Family relations have changed in recent years in China, as we have more and more one-child families. The only child in the family becomes the center of attention and his wishes are always obeyed. The child has become the
49、 head of the family while the grandparents, the traditional heads of the family, are reduced to the bottom of the hierarchy. There has been a discussion recently on this issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to express your views. Your argument should be based on and make full use of the outline below : (1) Family planning is one of the basic policies of our country. Why?. (2) The current situation in Chinese families. (3) Your suggestions and comment. （分数：25.00）_
