1、公共英语四级-151 及答案解析(总分：79.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Mr. Smith, a passenger on the transcontinental train, appeared before the judge. A police officer claimed he had attempted to 1 paying his fare. The defendant refused to consult a lawyer 2 suggested that the officer 3 aware 4 a
2、ll the circumstances. He appealed 5 the judge, when interpreting the evidence, to 6 into account the absence of any 7 criminal record in his 8 His ticket, he said, was stolen shortly before the train crossed the international 9 . At that time and in that territory he was unwilling to 10 the incident
3、 to the local railway authorities or cancel the 11 of his journey, in 12 of the severe maltreatment to which he might be 13 He emphasized his readiness to 14 any 15 punishment the judge imposed. In his summary the 16 indicated he was convinced that Smith“s 17 was partly justified. Technically, 18 ,
4、he had committed an offence. Crime must not be encouraged or the processes of the law interfered 19 . He found Smith 20 and fined him one dollar.（分数：20.00）A.avoidB.rejectC.refuseD.neglectA.whoB.whileC.andD.becauseA.should not beB.would not beC.was notD.were notA.aboutB.would not beC.withD.ofA.forB.t
5、oC.againstD.towardsA.takeB.getC.makeD.keepA.primitiveB.preciousC.previousD.preciseA.situationB.accidentC.conditionD.caseA.bordersB.edgesC.sidesD.rangesA.proposeB.mentionC.suggestD.complainA.lastB.restC.mostD.latestA.viewB.spiteC.caseD.relationA.objectedB.accusedC.chargedD.exposedA.receiveB.acceptC.a
6、dmitD.acquireA.regularB.respectiveC.reasonableD.relativeA.passengerB.judgeC.officerD.authorA.suggestionB.causeC.reasonD.excuseA.thereforeB.moreoverC.otherwiseD.howeverA.inB.withC.ofD.forA.guiltyB.sorryC.crazyD.rude二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Material culture refers t
7、o what can be seen, held, felt, usedwhat a culture produces. Examining a culture“s tools and technology can tell us about the group“s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture i
8、n it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kin
9、ds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern i
10、nfluence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra. Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows
11、mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-
12、reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole. One more important part of music“s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic mediaradio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising tal
13、king and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information revolution“, a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music cultures all ov
14、er the globe.（分数：5.00）(1).Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because_.（分数：1.00）A.it helps produce new cultural tools and technologyB.it can reflect the development of the nationC.it helps understand the nation“s past and presentD.it can demonstrate the nation“s civ
15、ilization(2).It can be learned from this passage that_.（分数：1.00）A.the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese musicB.Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony OrchestraC.the development of the symphony shows t
16、he mutual influence of Eastern and Western musicD.the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on the basis of Near Eastern music(3).According to the author, music notation is important because_.（分数：1.00）A.it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are abl
17、e to read itB.it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musiciansC.it is the printed version of standardized folk musicD.it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs(4).It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of m
18、usic_.（分数：1.00）A.has brought about an information revolutionB.has speeded up the appearance of a new generation of computersC.has given rise to new forms of music cultureD.has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments(5).Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the
19、passage?（分数：1.00）A.Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.B.Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.C.Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.D.The development of music culture is hig
20、hly dependent on its material aspect.五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)As video game images become increasingly more realistic and graphic, policy makers are debating if there is a link between the violence depicted in those games and violence in real life. A 20-year-old gunman“s shooting spree at a school
21、 in the northeastern America this month has reinvigorated discussions about violence, prompting lawmakers to call for greater examination of brutality in video games. “But evidence does not suggest violence in games causes violence in life,“ says James Ivory, a professor in the university“s departme
22、nt of communication who researches the effects of video games. “The agreement is pretty well universal among social scientists that there is not a clearly established link between actual violent crime and violent media usage,“ says Ivory. He adds that it is possible, though debated, that exposure to
23、 violent video games could make a person think or respond more aggressively in a short term, in Ivory“s words, “might even make you potentially more of a jerk to somebody.“ But he emphasizes, temporary aggression and violent crime are worlds apart. Wayne LaPierre, head of the National Rifle Associat
24、ion, disagrees. He maintains that there exists in this country sadly a callous, corrupt and corrupting shadow industry that sells and sows violence against its own people, through vicious, violent video games. He named the popular game “Grand Theft Auto“ as an example. One of the creators of “Grand
25、Theft Auto“, Navid Khonsari, says he grew up playing video games in Iran, Canada and the U.S. , where video games were enjoyed by people of all ages. “The discerning factor among the countries,“ says Khonsari, “is that while video games have been readily available, what has been limited is the acces
26、sibility to weapons. The focus on virtual violence might be limiting substantive discussions about firearm regulations and mental health treatment. “When we talk about violent video games and actual violent crime, we“re chasing something that hasn“t really been observed and we“re not talking about o
27、ther things that have been observed,“ says Ivory. Despite the renewed focus on video game violence, investigators of the most recent U.S. school shooting have not said whether the young gunman was a player of violent video games. Interest in video games continues to grow around the globe. Analysts e
28、stimate people spent about 70 billion worldwide on video games and components in 2012. North America, Western Europe and East Asia remain key markets, while gaming is on the rise in India, Brazil, Russia and Southeast Asia.（分数：20.00）(1).What“s the feature of the present day video games?（分数：4.00）A.Th
29、ey contain too much violence.B.They seem so lifelike and vivid.C.They have no difference with the real life.D.They have become increasingly popular among youngsters.(2).What“s the universal agreement among social scientists according to James Ivory?（分数：4.00）A.Violent games have nothing to do with cr
30、ime committing.B.Whether video games would lead to crimes is controversial.C.There exists a cause-and-effect relationship between violent video games and crimes.D.Social scientists reach an agreement that we should keep youngsters away from video games.(3).What does the word “established“ (Para. 2)
31、mean?（分数：4.00）A.Fixed.B.Direct.C.Indirect.D.Necessary.(4).Wayne LaPierre cited the popular game “Grand Theft Auto“ to show _.（分数：4.00）A.how worrisome the present situation isB.the growth and the experience of the creatorC.how popular video games are around the worldD.there exists a causal relationsh
32、ip between video games and its negative effects(5).This text can be best summarized that _.（分数：4.00）A.a gunman“s crime has caused heated debateB.video games are to blame for the improper behaviorsC.whether video games would cause crimes is controversialD.the more video games one plays, the more viol
33、ent he would be in real life六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing s
34、tatus, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to live comfortably in the world into which they had been born, but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a differe
35、nt and better world. Education became training; and the student was no longer the gentleman-in-waiting,but the journeyman apprentice for upward mobility. In the nineteenth century a college education began to be seen as a way to get ahead in the world. The founding of the land-grant colleges opened
36、the doors of higher education to poor but aspiring boys from non-Anglo-Saxon, working-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds. The myth of the poor boy who worked his way through college to success drew millions of poor boys to the new campuses. And with this shift, education became more vocational
37、: its object was the acquisition of practical skills and useful information. For the gentleman-in-waiting, virtue consisted above all in grace and style, in doing well what was appropriate to his position; education was merely a way of acquiring polish. And vice was manifested in gracelessness, awkw
38、ardness, in behaving inappropriately, discourteously, or ostentatiously. For the apprentice, however, virtue was evidenced in success through hard work. The requisite qualities of character were not grace or style, but drive, determination, and a sharp eye for opportunity. While casual liberality an
39、d even prodigality characterized the gentleman, frugality, thrift, and self-control came to distinguish the new apprentice. And while the gentleman did not aspire to a higher station because his station was already high, the apprentice was continually becoming, striving, struggling upward. Failure f
40、or the apprentice meant standing still, not rising.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Democratic ideas started with education.B.Federalists were opposed to education.C.New education helped confirm people“s social status.D.Old education had been in
41、 tune with hierarchical society.(2).The difference between “gentleman-in-waiting“ and “journeyman“ is that _.（分数：1.00）A.education trained gentleman-in-waiting to climb higher laddersB.journeyman was ready to take whatever was given to himC.gentleman-in-waiting belonged to a fixed and high social cla
42、ssD.journeyman could do practically nothing without education(3).According to the second paragraph, land-grant colleges _.（分数：1.00）A.belonged to the land-owning classB.enlarged the scope of educationC.was provided only to the poorD.benefited all but the upper class(4).Which of the following was the
43、most important for a “gentleman-in-waiting“?（分数：1.00）A.Manners.B.Education.C.Moral.D.Personality.(5).The best title for the passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.Education and ProgressB.Old and New Social NormsC.New Education:Opportunities for MoreD.Demerits of Hierarchical Society七、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：4.00)In Bri
44、tain, strictly speaking, there are three elements in Parliamentthe Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Commons is by far the most powerful and important of the three elements in Parliament and the Prime Ministers is the leader of the majority party in the House of Common
45、s. After a general election in Britain, the Crown appoints tile Prime Minister who must be the leader of the party that has won the majority seats in the House of Commons. It is the Prime Minister who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings. He or she actually decides on who will be the
46、 other ministers and so on. The work of each minister is always kept under observation by an unofficial “Shadow Cabinet“ organized by the Opposition. The Prime Minister is the head of the government. He or she has the duty to report the government“s work to the King or Queen, has the right to direct
47、 all the departments, solves the issues between them and approves the decisions of departments, which do not need to be discussed in the Cabinet. He has the last word in deciding government policy. The Prime Minister not only has the power of appointment but also has the right to reorganize the gove
48、rnment, speak for the government in the House of Commons on important decisions and answer the questions of the members of the House of Commons. As he or she is the leader of the majority party in the House of Commons, he or she can control parliament and influence other parties. He or she is the mo
49、st influential person in Great Britain and in recent years, strong Prime Ministers have shown a tendency to make policy decisions on their own, in the style of American Presidents. The Prime Minister works and lives in his or her famous residence, No. 10 Downing Street. h is named after George Downing, a British diplomat in the 17th century and has a history of over two hundred years as the British Prime Minister“s residence. The inside of “No. 10“ has been reconstructed to suit its purposes. In it there are the Cabinet meeting hall, the Pri
