1、公共英语五级-31(无听力原文)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Talk 1(总题数：1，分数：16.00)（分数：16.00）(1).Answer the following questions by circling TRUE or FALSE. In business, you can see your performance clearly.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Playing sports will help build confidence, both male and female.（分数：
2、2.00）A.正确B.错误(3).She suggested women practice their skills when they are not in the paid work force.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Kanter currently teaches sociology to graduate students.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN four words. What is her comment on her women stud
3、ents?（分数：2.00）_(6).What is the reason for women“s less willingness to talk?（分数：2.00）_(7).How did she define confidence?（分数：2.00）_(8).What is the aim of her book?（分数：2.00）_三、Talk 2(总题数：1，分数：16.00)（分数：16.00）(1).Answer the following questions by circling TRUE or FALSE. Doctorow thinks Edgar Ellen Poe i
4、s a bad writer.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(2).He regards the Civil War as a sin.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(3).In transforming identities, there is no other event comparable with the Civil War.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Black people recognized their identity from land during the War.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Writers dealing with
5、actual events should have serious responsibility.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(6).In his opinion, President Bush doesn“t make the effort to understand death.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(7).Choose the best answer. What is his relationship with other novelists like?（分数：2.00）A.He feels an affinity with them.B.They work indep
6、endently.C.They don“t learn from each other.D.Their relation is characterized by competition.(8).How does he think of the question of writing at his mid-1970s?（分数：2.00）A.He thinks he still has the talent.B.He considers the question immature.C.He believes he can be successful.D.He likes to write abou
7、t society.四、Talk 3(总题数：1，分数：18.00)（分数：18.00）(1).Answer the following questions by circling TRUE or FALSE. Kate disapproves the nurse with multiple ear piercing because elderly patients don“t like them.（分数：3.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Kate believes that the nurse uniforms should convey intimacy to patients to he
8、lp them relax.（分数：3.00）A.正确B.错误(3).Before 1960s, nursing uniforms were characterized by frills, buckles and aprons.（分数：3.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Today nurses have to stick to strict dress code of hats, collars and belts.（分数：3.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Wearing uniforms outside the hospital can give confidence to people
9、in need and help improve the care.（分数：3.00）A.正确B.错误(6).While working in the hospital, nurses cannot have individualized dress.（分数：3.00）A.正确B.错误五、Passage(总题数：1，分数：18.00)What is Love?Valentine“s Daythoughts turn to, or are supposed to turn to “love“ but what is it, does it actually exist, and can soci
10、al science help? There“s a seemingly endless list of descriptions and definitions of love from Shakespeare“s “as a fever, longing still“ to Erich Segal“s hopelessly unpragmatic “never having to say you“re sorry“. Traditionally, love has been considered so complex and mysterious that the whole breath
11、less, smouldering, messy business was left to writers, fifties croonersand the occasional Irish boy band. But, not any more. These days, psychologists are keen to nail down that which was once left to the poets, and lay bear what love is, how it works and why it exists in the first place. In his rec
12、ent book, Love Sick, clinical psychologist Frank Tallis gives credence to popular term “madly in love“ by setting out the similarities between falling in love and being mentally ill. Love, he argues, is characterised by mania (heightened emotions, inflated self-esteem and extravagant present giving)
13、, depression (tearfulness and loss of concentration) and extreme mood swings (on a high when beloved calls and in the depths when beloved doesn“t). Given the manic depressive symptoms, you wonder why we chase love rather than run screaming in the opposite direction. Love as mental illness is all ver
14、y intriguing. But it comes wrapped Jn an unsettling suggestion. Tallis and others have proposed that love might eventually be treatedwith a course of cognitive behaviour therapyas if it were a sickness. More evidence that we live in a society where pills cushion us against all life“s ups and downs?
15、It all seems a very long way from love as the poets saw it. Tallis, to be fair, insists that he accepts love as part of the human condition. His point is that for some people the effects of love are extremely debilitating. He claims to have patients who present with depression or anxiety only to dis
16、cover they are suffering for love. While Tallis deals with the symptoms of the “loved up“ but confused who pass through his consulting room, neuro-psychologypsychology“s cutting edgeis busy investigating the brain processes that underpin their behaviour. So what has neuropsychology discovered about
17、that thing popular culture claims drives you insane, tends to be blind and can leave you as enslaved as a coke addict? Well, it“s discovered that all these claims for love arein neurological termspretty accurate. In 2000, psychology professor Semir Zeki and his colleague Dr Andreas Bartels of Univer
18、sity College London used Magnetic Resonance Imaging to scan the brains of 11 female and six male students, who claimed to be “truly, madly and deeply“ in love. When the students were shown photographs of their lovers and friends, Zeki and Bartels discovered that very different areas of the cortex li
19、t up. The researchers were surprised to discover that the “romantic love“ brain areas were small compared to those activated by ordinary friendship, remarking in their eventual research paper that it was “fascinating to reflect that the face that launched a thousand ships should have done so through
20、 such a limited expanse of cortex“. The second surprise was that the cortical romance zones did not overlap with areas associated with other emotional states such as anger and fear. Instead, the areas for romance were similar to those associated with addiction. As it turns out, the brain activation
21、patterns of the madly-in-love look ever so similar to those of people under the influence of cocaine. So human beings might as well face it, they can indeed be addicted to love. That may soften criticism of Tallis“s talk of treatment. So love really is blind and irrational, or mad. When we are in it
22、s thrall, we are as enslaved as drug addicts and robbed of our ability to make sound judgments about the object of our affections. That explains why our friends can all see that the person we adore is shifty or deadly dull while we are entirely oblivious. Romantic love, of course, has a shelf life.
23、By comparing the NGF (nerve growth factor) levels of the madly in love with those of established couples and singletons, the researchers concluded that romantic love dies within a year. That“s roughly the time it takes to realise that your beloved will never master screwing the top back on the tooth
24、paste. We may be shedding new light on how love works, but the questions remains as to why it exists at all. Anthropologist Dr Helen Fisher of Rutgers University, in New Jersey, suggests that love comes in three formssexual lust, romantic love and long-term attachment. In Why We Love: The Nature and
25、 Chemistry of Romantic Love, Fisher argues that each of the three forms of love has its own emotional and motivational system, distinct biochemistry and is linked to its own distinct brain network. Lust, romance and attachment map on to mating, pair-bonding and parenting and Fisher argues each form
26、of love is crucial to the survival of our species. Lust is driven by sex hormones that Fisher says, “get you out there looking for anything“. If this leads to romance, we enter a stage when we can think of nothing but the person we love. We feel exhilarated and have obsessive thoughts about the obje
27、ct of our love. Fisher argues that the romantic phase, while necessary for a pair to form, doesn“t last because it“s too unstable a state for the rearing of children. Stable, secure long-term attachment is needed for that. For many sociologists, these theories of love from anthropologists and psycho
28、logists miss the point. They point out that the definition of love has varied through history and that the concept of falling in love, for example, did not exist until the 16th century. For sociologist Bernadette Bawin-Legros romantic love doesn“t boil down to timeless brain activation patterns and
29、evolutionary imperatives. Romantic love is a narrative that has long-dominated popular culture. It is fragile in its contemporary form, she argues, because that form involves the impossible union of two idealsfusion with another and the modern aspiration for autonomy and self-development. Whatever t
30、he desires of dreamy romantics for love to last forever, those two ideals are simply irreconcilable. Comprehension（分数：18.00）(1).Choose the best answer. Which statement about love may come from psychologist?（分数：2.00）A.Love is the irresistible desire to be irresistibly desired.B.Love stretches you hea
31、rt.C.Love is the only reflection of man“s worth.D.Love is blind, and irrational.(2).Which is not the symptom of mania mentioned in paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.Heightened emotions.B.Loss of concentration.C.Inflated self-esteem.D.Extravagant present giving.(3).Neuro-psychologists discovered that -|_|-.（分数：
32、2.00）A.the cortex of love is smaller than that of anger and fearB.the romantic love zone overlaps the lust brain areaC.Frank Tallis is reasonable in treating love as illnessD.there is an overlap between love zone and addiction zone(4).Dr. Helen Fisher“s opinion is（分数：2.00）A.you will experience all t
33、he three stages with one personB.You may feel romance for one person while attach to anotherC.Love can“t be treated with drug therapy as mental illnessD.The three stages may interact with each other(5).Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN four words for each blank. People falling in lo
34、ve may suffer from 1 or 2.（分数：2.00）(6).The brain pattern of love is similar to the pattern of people under the influence of 1.（分数：2.00）(7).The shelf life for romantic love is 1.（分数：2.00）(8).Obsessive compulsive disorder is perhaps the behavioural pattern for 1.（分数：2.00）(9). 1 is necessary for the re
35、aring of children.（分数：2.00）六、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Exercise 1 Gapped Te(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Nature of LoveLove is a wondrous state, deep, tender, and rewarding. Because of its intimate and personal nature it is regarded by some as an improper topic for experimental research. But, whatever our persona
36、l feelings may be, our assigned mission as psychologists is to analyze all facets of human and animal behavior into their component variables. 1 But of greater concern is the fact that psychologists tend to give progressively less attention to a motive which pervades our entire lives. Psychologists,
37、 at least psychologists who write textbooks, not only show no interest in the origin and development of love or affection, but thev seem to be unaware of its very existence. 2 Thoughtful men, and probably all women, have speculated on the nature of love. From the developmental point of view, the gen
38、eral plan is quite clear: the initial love responses of the human being are those made by the infant to the mother or some mother surrogate. From this intimate attachment of the child to the mother, multiple learned and generalized affectionate responses are formed. 3 The position commonly held by p
39、sychologists and sociologists is quite clear: the basic motives are, for the most part, the primary drivesparticularly hunger, thirst, elimination, pain, and sexand all other motives, including love or affection, are derived or secondary drives. The mother is associated with the reduction of the pri
40、mary drivesparticularly hunger, thirst, and painand through learning, affection or love is derived. 4 The psychoanalysts have concerned themselves with the problem of the nature of the development of love in the neonate and infant. Their theories range from a belief that the infant has an innate nee
41、d to achieve and suckle at the breast to beliefs not unlike commonly accepted psychological theories. There are exceptions, as seen in the recent writings of John Bowlby, who attributes importance not only to food and thirst satisfaction, but also to “primary object-clinging“, a need for intimate ph
42、ysical contact, which is initially associated with the mother. 5 Many of these difficulties can be resolved by the use of the neonatal and infant macaque monkey as the subject for the analysis of basic affectional variables. It is possible to make precise measurements in this primate beginning at tw
43、o to ten days of age, depending upon the maturational status of the individual animal at birth. The macaque infant differs from the human infant in that the monkey is more mature at birth and grows more rapidly; but the basic responses relating to affection, including nursing, contact, clinging, and
44、 even visual and auditory exploration, exhibit no fundamental differences in the two species. Even the development of perception, fear, frustration, and learning capability follows very similar sequences in rhesus monkeys and human children. A John Bowlby has suggested that there is an affectional v
45、ariable which he calls “primary object following“, characterized by visual and oral search of the mother“s face. Our surrogate-mother-raised baby monkeys are at first inattentive to her face, as are human neonates to human mother faces. But by 30 days of age ever-increasing responsiveness to the mot
46、her“s face appearswhether through learning, maturation, or bothand we have reason to believe that the face becomes an object of special attention. B So far as love or affection is concerned, psychologists have failed in this mission. The little we know about love does not transcend simple observatio
47、n, and the little we write about it has been written better by poets and novelists. C As far as I know, there exists no direct experimental analysis of the relative importance of the stimulus variables determining the affectional or love responses in the neonatal and infant primate. Unfortunately, t
48、he human neonate is a limited experimental subject for such researches because of his inadequate motor capabilities. By the time the human infant“s motor responses can be precisely measured, the antecedent determining conditions cannot be defined, having been lost in a jumble and jungle of confounded variables. D It is entirely reasonable to believe that the mother through association with food may become a secondary-reinforcing agent, but this is an inadequate mechanism to account for the persistence of t
