1、公共英语五级-16 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Liste(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BPart A/BI You will hear a conversation. As you listen, answer Questions 110 by circling True or False. You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE.You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 110./I（分数：10.00）(1).Though Paul is disabled,
2、 he managed to move around in the house.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Mr Miller enjoys doing things with his own hands.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).The front door to his home does not open automatically.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Mr Miller bought his house simply because the flat he used to live in was too expensive.（分数：1
3、.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Government buildings often have special paths for those people handicapped.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).Paul could reach all the switches because they were originally installed at the right height of him.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(7).Do-it-Yourself has become one of Mr Millers hobbies.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.
4、错误(8).Mr Miller had known a lot about carpentry and electric before he was engaged in do-it-yourself.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(9).Mr Miller did changes on the house only for fun.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(10).Mr Miller will buy a new house with the money he has won.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误二、BPart B/B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)IQuesti
5、ons 1113 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 1113./I（分数：3.00）(1).What should one do if he wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning?（分数：1.00）A.Change his energy cycle.B.Overcome his laziness.C.Get up earlier than usual.D.Go to bed earlier.(
6、2).Why does the speaker suggest we rise with a yawn and stretch?（分数：1.00）A.Because it will help keep your energy for the days work.B.Because it will help you to control your temper early in the day.C.Because it will help you to concentrate on your routine work.D.Because it will keep your energy cycl
7、e under control all day.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save ones energy.B.Dr. Kleiman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of a day.C.Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.D.Children have e
8、nergy cycles, too.IQuestions 1416 are based on the following talk. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 1416./I（分数：3.00）(1).Whats the main purpose of the talk?（分数：1.00）A.To introduce the concept of inflation.B.To discuss the causes of inflation.C.To review yesterdays lecture on inflation.D.to a
9、rgue in favor of inflation.(2).According to the lecture, what is inflation?（分数：1.00）A.Rising Prices.B.Fixed income.C.Real income.D.Cost of living.(3).Who benefits most from inflation?（分数：1.00）A.Persons who have salaries according to long-term contracts.B.Persons who own businesses.C.Persons with old
10、-age pensions.D.Persons with slow-rising incomes.IQuestions 1720 are based on the following talk. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 1720./I（分数：4.00）(1).What does the speaker mainly discuss?（分数：1.00）A.The distribution of different species of amphibians.B.Possible reasons for reduction in the
11、number of amphibians.C.The effects of environmental change on the fish industry.D.Guidelines for the responsible use of pesticides.(2).According to the speaker, how do developers contribute to the reduction of amphibian population?（分数：1.00）A.By taking over ponds.B.By constructing sewers.C.By buildin
12、g dams on rivers.D.By flooding marshes.(3).According to the speaker, how do some pesticides get into ponds?（分数：1.00）A.They are applied to aquatic weeds by fish farming.B.Amphibians release them from their skin.C.Irresponsible dispose of them in ponds.D.They are washed into ponds by the rain.(4).Acco
13、rding to the speaker, why do pesticides pose a threat to amphibians?（分数：1.00）A.Pesticides can cause an amphibians skin to dry out.B.Pesticides kill the insects that amphibians depend on for food.C.Dissolved pesticides can easily enter amphibians bodies.D.Amphibians may eat plants that have been trea
14、ted with pesticides.三、BPart C/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1).Whats the average increase per year of foreign student population in the period between 1985 and 1990 in terms of percentage?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Which area of the world contributed to an increase between 94/95 and 95/96?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3)
15、.When will the speaker talk about the economic and political changes?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).What will the speaker discuss first?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Where do the three largest groups of students come from?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Whats the number of students from Malaysia?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Which is the mos
16、t popular major of study?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Whats the percentage of students in business and management?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).In terms of academic levels, in which level do we find the smallest number?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).In brief, what did the speaker talk about?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、BSection Use o(总题数：
17、1，分数：20.00)Pollution is a “dirty“ word. To pollute means to contaminatetopsoil something by introducing impurities which makeU (31) /Uunfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it, U(32) /Uit, drink it, and stumble through it. We literally lived in and breathe pollution
18、, andU (33) /Usurprisingly, it is beginning toU (34) /Uour health, our happiness, and our civilization.Once we thought of pollutionU (35) /Umeaning simply the smogthe choking, stinging, dirtyU (36) /Uthat hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it isU (37) /Uthe most dangerous, is only one type
19、 of contamination among severalU (38) /Uattack the most basic life functions.Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, U(39) /Uthe wildlife. ByU (40) /Usewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have contaminated ourU (41) /Uwater. We are polluting the oceans, too,
20、 killing the fish andU (42) /Udepriving ourselvesU (43) /Uan invaluable food supply.Part of the problem is our explodingU (44) /U. More and more people are producing more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our “throw-away“ technology. Each year AmericansU (45) /Uof 7 million autos, 20 millio
21、n tons of waste paper, 25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is no longer wise toU (46) /Uanything. Today almost everything is disposable. U(47) /Uof repairing a toaster or a radio, it is easier and cheaper to buy anot
22、her one and discard the old, evenU (48) /U95 percent of its parts may still be functioning. Baby diapers, which used to be made of reusable cloth, are now paper throwaways. Soon we will wear clothing made ofU (49) /U: “Wear it once and throw it away,“ will be the slogan of the fashionable consciousn
23、ess.Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem? U(50) /U, solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious.（分数：20.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
24、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、BSection Readi(总题数：3，分数：15.00)BText 1/BIn recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: Salt is bad for youregardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “There is a direct relationship,“ US
25、 congressman Neal Smith noted, “Between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death.“Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about
26、eating salt is unnecessary,“ Dr. Dnstan insists. “For most of us it probably doesnt make much difference how much salt we eat.“ Dustans most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or lat
27、er when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.“An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it
28、has cost in the general population,“ notes Dr. John H. Laragh.“ So a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense.“Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable “moderation“ in salt consumption. For an average person, a moderate amount might run from fou
29、r to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table.Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary sal
30、t, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt“ exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr. admits that “we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension.“ In fact, there is increasing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, pot
31、assium, perhaps magnesium; obesity (much more dangerous than sodium); genetic predispotition; stress.“It is not your enemy,“ says Dr. Laragh, “Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you dont need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-rela
32、ted health problem, there is no reason to give it up.“（分数：5.00）(1).According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed（分数：1.00）A.exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health.B.cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders.C.correlates highly with some disea
33、ses.D.is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease.(2).From Dr. Dustans study we can infer that（分数：1.00）A.a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people.B.the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with ones blood pressure.C.the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient.D.
34、an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone.(3).In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that（分数：1.00）A.people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt.B.doctors should not advise people to avoid salt.C.an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease.D.e
35、xcessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population.(4).The phrase “vocal.exponent“ (line 2, para.5) most probably refers to（分数：1.00）A.eloquent doctor.B.articulate opponent.C.loud speaker.D.strong advocate.(5).What is the main message of this text?（分数：1.00）A.That the salt scare i
36、s not justified.B.That the orgin of hypertension is now found.C.That the moderate use of salt is recommended.D.That salt consumption is to be promoted.BText 2/BManagers spend a great deal of their time in meetings. According to Henry Mintzberg, in his book, The Nature of Managerial Work, managers in
37、 large organizations spend only 22 per cent of their time on meetings. So what are the managers doing in those meetings?There have conventionally been two answers. The first is the academic version: Managers are co-ordinating and controlling, making decisions, solving problems and planning. This int
38、erpretation has been largely discredited because it ignores the social and political forces at work in meetings.The second version claims that meetings provide little more than strategic sites for corporate gladiators to perform before the organizational emperors. This perspective is far more attrac
39、tive, and has given rise to a large, and often humorous, body of literature on gamesmanship and posturing in meetings.It is, of course, true that meeting rooms serve as shop windows for managerial talent, but this is far from the truth as a whole. The suggestion that meetings are actually battle gro
40、unds is misleading since the raison detre of meetings has far more to do with comfort than conflict. Meetings are actually vital props, both for the participants and the organization as a whole.For the organization, meetings represent recording devices. The minutes of meetings catalogue the change o
41、f the organization, at all levels, in a mere systematic way than do the assorted memos and directives which are scattered about the company. They enshrine the minutes of corporate history, they itemize proposed actions and outcomes in a way which makes one look like the natural culmination of the ot
42、her.The whole tenor of the minutes is one of total premeditation and implied continuity. They are a sanitized version of reality which suggests a reassuring level of control over events. What is more, the minutes record the debating of certain issues in an official and democratic forum, so that thos
43、e not involved in the process can be assured that the decision was not taken lightly.As Dong Bennett, an administrative and financial manager with Allied Breweries, explains: “Time and effort are seen to have been invested in scrutinizing a certain course of action.“Key individuals are also seen to
44、have put their names behind that particular course of action. The decision can therefore proceed with the full weight of the organization behind it, even if it actually went through “on the nod“. At the same time, the burden of responsibility is spread, so that no individual takes the blame.Thus, th
45、e public nature of formal meetings confers a degree of legitimacy on what happens in them. Having a view pass unchallenged at a meeting can be taken to indicate consensus.However, meetings also serve as an alibi for action, as demonstrated by one manager who explained to his subordinates: “I did wha
46、t I could to prevent itI had our objections minutes in two meetings.“ The proof of conspicuous effort was there in black and white.By merely attending meetings, managers buttress their status, while non-attendance can carry with it a certain stigma. Whether individual managers intend to make a contr
47、ibution or not, it is satisfying to be considered one of those whose views matter. Ostracism, for senior managers, is not being invited to meetings.As one cynic observed, meetings are comfortingly tangible: “Who on the shop floor really believes that managers are working when they tour the works? But assemble them behind closed doors and call it a meeting and everyone will take it for granted that they are ha
