1、公共英语五级-12 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Liste(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BPart A/BI You will hear a talk on the technique used to model milk in movies. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling BTRUE/B or BFALSE/B. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE.You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1 to 1
2、0./I（分数：10.00）(1).It was hard to picture the semi-opaque milk in Shrek I.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Henrik Jensens technique to model milk was improved in The Lord of the Rings.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).When light moves through milk, its intensity disappears from the spot.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Moller shines lig
3、ht on yogurt to see how the patterns vary with air bubble size.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(5).You may pollute the product if you sample milk or yogurt in a large scale.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).Moller used to think the technique didnt involve much science.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(7).Jensen has mastered the technique to m
4、odel the difference between whole and skimmed milk.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(8).Whole milk contains more fat globules than protein clumps.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(9).Jensen and Moller work together to improve milk quality.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(10).The same technique can be used in monitoring ocean and atm0sphere chang
5、e.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误二、BPart B/B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)I Questions 11 to 13 are based on a talk about philanthropist Chuck Feeney. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13./I（分数：3.00）(1).What happened when Chuck Feeney decided to publish the book on his life?（分数：1.00）A.People who had received his d
6、onations got to know his real identity.B.People who had received his donations finally can express their gratitude.C.He still kept his personal information confidential.D.He exposed all the details of his donation.(2).Who gave Chuck Feeney the idea of using philanthropy to avoid tax?（分数：1.00）A.His f
7、riend George Brooklyn.B.A lawyer Harvey Dale.C.His co-founder of DHS.D.His French wife.,(3).Mr. Feeney helped higher education in the following countries EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.Vietnam.B.Ireland.C.Australia.D.South Africa.I Questions 14 to 16 are based on a passage on plastic tax. You now have 15 seconds
8、to read Questions 14 to 16./I（分数：3.00）(1).Who is Jacques Lalonde?（分数：1.00）A.A volunteer in Liberal Environment.B.A Canadian translator,C.An Internet programmer.D.A junior employee for Minister.(2).Which country did Lalonde model in his online petition?（分数：1.00）A.United States.B.Ireland.C.England.D.Q
9、uebec.(3).How did plastic industry respond to Lalondes petition?（分数：1.00）A.They dont think it will impact their production.B.They support the idea of plastic tax.C.They feel anxious that people wont pay for bags.D.They argue that tax is not the ultimate solution.IQuestions 17 to 20 are based on an i
10、ntroduction to modern artist Olafur Eliasson and his works. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 to 20./I（分数：4.00）(1).What can be cited to show Mr. Eliassons understanding of total-immersion art?（分数：1.00）A.Tate Modern in London.B.The dyed rivers.C.The use of sustainable material.D.The viewer
11、s response.(2).What is the speakers suggestion to understand the pavilion in Hyde Park?（分数：1.00）A.To walk up the ramp and experience it.B.To take pictures from various angles.C.To describe it through precise analysis.D.To listen to Eliassons speech about his mission.(3).What does Mr. Eliasson think
12、of artists mission?（分数：1.00）A.He thinks that artists should keep afar from social change,B.He advocates that artists should believe in social interaction.C.He suggests that art should engage people and society.D.He believes that good artistic work should be an experience.(4).How did Mr. Eliasson def
13、end his work for BMW?（分数：1.00）A.He said he could use the money for charity.B.He said he didnt live in an isolated world.C.He hoped to inspire people through the car.D.He hoped to express his love towards people.三、BPart C/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1).In which program did Dr. Stewart explore the int
14、eraction of these forces?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What does Dr. Stewart compare the Earth to?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What does geology provide us to respond to the planet?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).What are his main research interests?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).How long does our current earthquake record date back?（分数：1.0
15、0）填空项 1:_(6).What other scientists does he co-operate in researching abandonment?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).What changed the process of human history?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).What will bring the next mega disasters?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Dr. Stewart, which city will be destroyed in this century?（分数：1.
16、00）填空项 1:_(10).What is important to help community restore better?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Multidisciplinary science is all the rage these days. EvenU (31) /U, the overlap between archaeology and pharmacology is not, at firstU (32) /U, obvious. But there is a connection. An an
17、alytical technique developed for theU (33) /U, used to work out how old things are, is nowU (34) /Uused in the latter, to see if promising drugs are likely to failU (35) /Uexpensive clinical trials are undertaken.At theU (36) /U, a third of drug candidates do not pass such trials. This may beU (37)
18、/Uthey fail to reach the part of the body where they areU (38) /Uto workmany molecules, forU (39) /U, cannot cross from the bloodstream into the brain. Or it may be that the body breaks down the active ingredients before the drug has time to act. IdentifyingU (40) /Uproblems early in the testing pro
19、cess would be a boon. Trials onU (41) /Ucan help, but how other species react is not always a good indication of how people will. What is needed is a way of testing potential drugs on people,U (42) /Uin a way that cannot possibly cause any harm. That isU (43) /Uthe archaeologists come in.U (44) /Ude
20、cades, archaeologists have used a technique called carbon dating to workU (45) /Uhow old their finds are. Some of the carbon dioxide absorbed by plants during photosynthesis isU (46) /U. That is because it contains carbon atoms which areU (47) /Uthan run-of-the-mill carbon, and are unstable. The rad
21、ioactive carbon atoms weigh 14 atomic units,U (48) /Unm-of-the-mill ones weigh 12 units. Food grains, scraps of cloth and so on can thus be dated by finding out howU (49) /Uradioactive carbon is left in them: the less there is, theU (50) /Uthey are. (278 words)（分数：20.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空
22、项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、BSection Readi(总题数：3，分数：15.00)BText 1/B“It doesnt matter what ethical assumptions you use,“ says Michael Grubb, an expert on climate change policy, cold financial arguments a
23、re enough to decide what to do about global warming.As arguments over the science behind climate change have cooled, the question of how much nations should be willing to pay has come to dominate the debate. Now Martin Weitzman has developed the first thorough method for including unlikely but extre
24、me events in cost-benefit analyses. When you take into account extreme temperature rises of more than around 6, he says, they dominate all other options and effectively demand that investment aimed at stopping them be made now.Economists say that such events are theoretically possible but are so unl
25、ikely and lie so far in the future that it is not cost-effective to spend money to prevent them. Computer models also suggest that using more renewable energy and reducing emissions in other ways would almost certainly avoid extreme temperature increases. But Weitzmans results are so dramatic that s
26、ome economists, many of whom argued in favour of caution, are shifting their position.Environmental groups argue that the risk of extreme events justifies large investment now, but other groups, notably industry-orientated think tanks and many Republican politicians, have resisted such calls. “In th
27、e United States, cost-benefit analyses have been used to back up questions about whether investment is worth much mow,“ says Grubb. “This throws a pretty fundamental spanner in the works.“The new method also backs up the conclusions of the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, albeit via
28、different methods. Stems cost-benefit analysis, which was published in October 2006, did not consider extreme events. Even so, he found that the benefits of investing now would be enormous: The world could save $2.5 trillion a year if the rise in CO2 was halted at levels around 50 percent greater th
29、an today. But when Stern put a price on the damages that rising temperatures could cause, he valued future costs in todays money. Many economists, including Weitzman, criticized that assumption, arguing that it ignores the fact that investments made now are expected to be worth more in the future.Th
30、e debate remains unresolved, as ethical arguments continue to rage about how to value future generations. But Weitzmans study shows that once extreme evens are included, the argument becomes irrelevant. This is because the potential cost of extreme evens is so great that they come to dominate the as
31、sessment of risk, whatever method is used to compare the value of present and future generations. “Weitzmans work would have received substantial attention in the Stem report. He would have used it as supporting evidence.“ Says Grubb.Weitzman could also create a headache for policy-makers. The analy
32、sis shows that traditional cost-benefit calculations are getting it wrong, but it does so only by providing that extreme events dominate the costs when included in the calculations. It cannot put a figure on how much should be spent now, unlike the old techniques.（分数：5.00）(1).What does Weitzmans new
33、 method suggest?（分数：1.00）A.It is more sophisticated than traditional cost-benefit analysis.B.It takes ethical assumptions into calculating the amount of investment.C.Extreme events should be considered in cost-benefit analysis.D.It tells us that we should take the problem much more seriously.(2).Why
34、 have economists ignored extreme events when doing cost-benefit analysis?（分数：1.00）A.They think Weitzmans assumption deliberately exaggerates the possibility.B.They think increasing investment now will not be worthwhile.C.They believe extreme temperature rise can be avoided.D.They work for industrial
35、 corporations and Republics.(3).What does the last sentence in paragraph 4 mean?（分数：1.00）A.Weitzmans report caused unexpected problem to investment choices.B.Weitzmans report does not concur with industrial think tanks.C.Weitzmans report doesnt support conventional analysis in the United States.D.We
36、itzmans report has successfully convinced many economists.(4).Which statement is right in comparing Weitzman and Stems report?（分数：1.00）A.Stem and Weitzman used different methods but reached similar conclusion.B.Stem valued the damages caused by rising temperature but Weitzman didnt.C.Both Stern and
37、Weitzman valued the money that should be invested now.D.Both Stem and Weitzman valued future generations in their analysis.(5).Why did Weitzmans report cause trouble for policy-making organs?（分数：1.00）A.They didnt like to spend that much money on global warming.B.They were put under pressure by Weitz
38、mans report.C.They still cant decide how much they should invest.D.They dont know if they can trust the validity of Weitzmans report.BText 2/BFor Immanuel Kant. the Enlightenment could be captured in two small words: sapere aude “dare to think“. When 3.500 individuals professionally devoted to this
39、proposition are gathered under one roof, as happened at the 20th World Congress of Philosophy in Boston this week. the effect may be more of Babel than of 18th-gentury discourse. Modern philosophy speaks a bewildering variety of languages, from analytic logic to existentialism, poststructuralism, se
40、miotics and the wilder shores of ecofeminism, and there is a fair degree of apartheid between its practitioners.Hence the temptation to view the discipline as too rarefied and “academic“ for mere mortals.Britons are notoriously wary of theory; the national prejudice is well captured by Kiplings “If
41、you can think and not make thoughts your master .“ Isaiah Berlin captured British hearts with his tongue-in-cheek remark that he had turned to political thought because “philosophy can only be done by very clever people“. This is one of the few European countries where almost no school teaches philo
42、sophy. Yet in this age of uncertainty, when todays vocational training may be tomorrows passport to redundancy, “dare to think“ should be the motto pinned on the wall of every undergraduate room and recruitment agency. Philosophy is making a modest comeback in British universities, and not before ti
43、me.The great virtue of philosophy is that it teaches not what to think, but how to think. It is the study of meaning, of the principles underlying conduct, thought and knowledge. The skills it hones are the ability to analyse, to question orthodoxies and to express things clearly. However arcane som
44、e philosophical texts may beand not everybody can come to grips with the demands of Austrian logical positivismthe ability to formulate questions and follow arguments is the essence of education.It can also be studied at many levels. In the US, where the number of philosophy graduates has increased
45、by 5 per cent a year during the 1990s, only a very few go on to become philosophers. Their employability, at 98.9 per cent, is impressive by any standard. Philosophy has always been a good training for the law; but it is equally useful for computer scientists. In this country, the Higher Education S
46、tatistics Survey puts philosophy of science right up with medicine in its employment record for graduates.Philosophy is, in commercial jargon, the ultimate “transferable work skill“. That is not the only argument for expanding philosophy departments and encouraging sixth-formers to read Plato, or Jo
47、hn Stuart Mill on liberty. Chris Woodhead, the Chief Inspector of Schools, has cautioned against an obsession with the narrowly vocational. Lecturing the Confederation of British Industry on the “sly utilitarianism“ of employers, he defends a liberal education as needing “no justification beyond the satisfaction and enjoyment that it brings“. Teenagers waiting for their A level res
