1、公共英语四级-80 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BReading Compreh(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)During the last fifty years, the international economy has experienced a basic change. Improvements in the Internet and other communication tools have had important effects on t
2、he world markets. Faster methods of transport from one place to another have made the world seem much smaller to the businessmen. As a result, the world no longer consists of a number of separate and independent economies under the control of different nations. Instead, the nations have been integra
3、ted into a single economy, and the integration is becoming more and more complete every year. Now, for the first time in history, we can truly speak of a global economy.The most dramatic example of this integration was the oil crisis of 1973 and 1974. It came as a great surprise to the public in the
4、 industrial nations to discover that they depended so heavily on imported oil and each other. However, the best evidence for the growing integration is the rapid expansion in the volume of world trade. It went up by about 7 percent year by year during the decade from 1990 to 2000, and in several qua
5、si-industrial countries the growth was even more rapid. As a result, some imported products have become so common that they are treated as domestic commodity. Some of them are too common for the public to any more realize they are foreign.Production has also become international, which is manifested
6、 by the large corporations stepping across national borders and establishing branches and subsidiaries in several different countries. As an example, U.S. companies are building many automobiles in China, Canada, Germany, Britain and Japan. In most cases, many components of an automobile are produce
7、d in these countries and then shipped to the United States, where they are finally assembled with other parts. When even the United States has the largest number of such corporations, it is not the only one. Other multinationals, for instance, are based in Japan, France, Germany, the UK and Italy.La
8、bor, too, is much more mobile than in the past. Both skilled and unskilled workers can now readily migrate from one country to another. In Europe, take it for an example, there are large numbers of Turkish workers employed in the German economy. Doctors, lawyers, and other professionals are also fin
9、ding it easier to work in foreign countries. The labor market has become international, and the number of Uexpatriate/U workers is continuing to grow.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following statement will best summarize the whole passage? A.The dependence of industrial nations on imported oil. B.The ch
10、ange in the world economy. C.The automobile industry in industrial nations. D.The transport and the world economy.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The world is becoming smaller to the businessmen because _. A.the increase in the world trade volume B.modern means of transportation C.improvements in the communica
11、tions D.the establishment of business branches and subsidiaries（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the most convincing illustration for the growing integration? A.Labor is more mobile. B.The oil crisis in 1973 and 1974. C.Production has become international. D.The expansion in the volume of world trade.（分数
12、：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Only professionals can find a job abroad. B.The U.S. has less international corporations than Japan. C.Hiring workers in other countries is, in most cases, cheaper. D.The U.S. automobile industry is facing competitive pressure from other
13、 industrial nations.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does “expatriate“ mean? A.People living outside his/her own country. B.People working outside his/her own country. C.People studying outside his/her own country. D.People travelling outside his/her own country.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.四、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
14、What makes a good conversation? Firstly, it is a mutual search for essence of things. It is a zestful transaction, not a briefing or a lecture. Russian poet Alexander Pushkin identified the willingness to listen as one of the vital ingredients of any exchange. When two people are talking at the same
15、 time, the result is not conversation.Nothing is more destructive of good talk than for one participant to hold the ball too long, like a basketball player playing to the gallery. UPity the husband or wife with a garrulous mate who insists on talking long past the point where he or she has anything
16、to say./UTo be meaningful, a conversation should head in a general direction. It need not be artfully plotted, but it should be gracefully kept on course.It has been said that if speech is silver, silence is golden. Certainly silence is preferable, under most circumstances, to chat. Why is it then,
17、that so many people are discomfited by the absence of human sound waves? Why are they not willing to sit with each other, silently enjoying the unheard but real linkages? “Making conversation“ should not be a necessity among intimates. If there is nothing to say, dont say it.It is true that stranger
18、s meeting for the first time seem to feel uncomfortable if they do not engage in small talk. Usually this is harmless and even necessary if strangers are to size each other up. But, small talk aside, what are elementary rules for general conversation?In the first place, certain subjects should be ta
19、boo. Kitchen topics, the best cleaners, bus schedules, and other dull things should be barred from general discussion. Next, our illness is not something to be offered gratuitously to friends at conversation time. Then there is the conversationalist who must be rightwho always has to win the game.Co
20、nversation need not always be purposeful, but it must at least be for pleasure. It should be aiming at knowing better ones conversation partner. Above all, it should be joyful and amiable, as Joseph Addison put it: “Good nature is more agreeable in conversation than wit.“I do not object to enforced
21、conversation, but I am less tolerant of those who would arbitrarily halt a good conversation with a flat “Come, now, lets stop all this.“ A good conversation is a fragile thing that must be nurtured carefully.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, the key factors in a conversation may NOT include _
22、. A.a clear aim B.a general direction C.willingness to listen D.pleasant atmosphere（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the sentence (Para. 2) mean? A.Most husbands cannot stand their wives. B.It is very normal for the couple to have quarrels. C.One should avoid destructive words in quarrels. D.One should
23、 avoid talking without stop in our daily communication.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The following statements are true EXCEPT _. A.a meaningful conversation should be wisely designed B.it is not necessarily a total failure if there is nothing to say C.small talks are necessary for two strangers D.a good conv
24、ersation should be more pleasant than purposeful（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).For general conversations, which topic is more proper? A.Illness. B.Education. C.Bus schedule. D.Domestic housework.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the best title for this passage? A.Lost Art of Conversation. B.How to Become a Witted
25、Speaker. C.The Key to General Conversation. D.Essential Elements in a Good Conversation.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Eight cups of water a day is a longstanding advice. “But is there any scientific basis for it?“ asks Dr. Chris. Some ads of drinks also remind us that a small drop in h
26、ydration levels can massively affect performance, so we need to keep hydrated by drinking. They seem pretty scientific, dont they? And its not a hard sale because drinking feels rightyoure hot and sweating.Well earlier this year, scientists in Australia did an experiment that had never been done bef
27、ore. The group wanted to find out what happened to performance after dehydration. So they took a group of players and exercised them until they lost 3% of their body weight in sweat. Then their performance was assessed after rehydration with either nothing, or enough water to bring them back to 2% d
28、ehydration or after full rehydration. So far nothing unusual, but the difference between this and other studies was that the players were blind to the water they got. The fluid was given intravenously without letting them know the volume.This is vital because we all have such an intimate psychologic
29、al relationship with water consumption. Remarkably, there was no performance difference between those who were fully rehydrated and those who got nothing. This study was part of a growing movement to “drink to thirst“ which hopes to persuade athletes not to over hydrate with the potentially fatal co
30、nsequence of diluting your sodium level.Perhaps the result shouldnt be so surprising. Humans evolved in doing intense exercise in extreme heat and dryness. We are able to tolerate losses in water relatively well whereas even slight over hydration can be far more from dangerous. In simple terms, bein
31、g too watery is as bad for you as being too concentrated. There is a well accepted idea that we should drink about eight cups of water per day. We are flooded with positive messages about the healing properties of water and how it will improve everything from our brains to our bowels. And we know th
32、at without it we will die in days. Its a short leap of logic to think that if a lack of water is bad for you then hydration must be good. It surely improves your skin, helps you think, reduces your risk of kidney stones and turns your urine a lovely light, champagne color rather than the orange syru
33、p you produce at the end of a long day when you havent had time to drink.（分数：20.00）(1).What is the purpose of some ads of drinks? A.To tell us the relationship of hydration and our performance. B.To remind us the danger of hydration. C.To reveal a scientific truth. D.To sell their goods.（分数：4.00）A.B
34、.C.D.(2).Why the experiment made by sports scientists in Australia is different from others? A.The subjects of the experiment are players. B.The performance was assessed after rehydration. C.The players didnt know how much water they got. D.The experiment tried to find out what happened to performan
35、ce after dehydration.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the authors attitude towards “eight cups of water a day“? A.Doubtful. B.Supporting. C.Objective. D.Neutral.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is TRUE? A.The players of the experiment know how much water they got. B.The result of t
36、he experiment isnt surprising at all. C.The experiment had once been done before. D.Being too watery can be harmful to your health.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What will happen if you havent had time to drink after a long day? A.Your heart will be in danger. B.Your skin will become loose. C.You will suffer
37、from a kidney stone. D.Your urine will be like syrup in color.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 4/B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Chinas corruption crackdown is helping fuel a second-hand luxury market. As fur coats and Swiss watches Ufall out of vogue/U among Chinas elites, another luxury sector is quietly thriving. The s
38、econd-hand luxury market has seen a jump this year, according to a survey of stores by Fortune Character Institute, a Chinese luxury lifestyle publication.Chinas second-hand luxury stores range from independent boutiques to chains like Hong Kongs Milan Station or Japans Brand Off, both of which have
39、 stores on the mainland. Online operations have sprung up too, such as S, which has around 600,000 registered users. Second-hand designer goods can cost as little as a third of their original price. On Secco, a Louis Vuitton bag sells for 2,750 yuan or 450, compared to a retail price of 8,350 RMB. R
40、are or limited-edition items can even fetch more second-hand than the original price. According to the FCI survey of about 200 second-hand luxury shops in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, sales totalled about 3 billion yuan (490 million) in the first half of 2013. Thats pretty small compared to Chin
41、as overall luxury market, worth about 13 billion in 2012 according to Bain before that the Asian bubble; before that the commercial real estate bubble. U U 1 /U /UUThat last bubble, by the way, imposed a huge cost on taxpayers, who had to bail out failed savings-and-loan institutions./UThe thing is,
42、 it wasnt always thus. The 50s, the 60s, even the troubled 70s, werent nearly as bubble-prone. So what changed?One popular answer involves blaming the Federal Reservethe loose-money policies of Ben Bernanke and, before him, Alan Greenspan. U U 2 /U /UUAnd its certainly true that for the past few yea
43、rs the Fed has tried hard to push down interest rates, both through conventional policies and through unconventional measures like buying long-term bonds/U. The resulting low rates certainly helped send investors looking for other places to put their money, including emerging markets.But the Fed was
44、 only doing its job. Its supposed to push interest rates down when the economy is depressed and inflation is low. And what about the series of earlier bubbles, which, at this point, reach back a generation?U U 3 /U /UUI know that there are some people who believe that the Fed has been keeping intere
45、st rates too low, and printing too much money, all along./U But interest rates in the 80s and 90s were actually high by historical standards, and even during the housing bubble they were within historical norms. Besides, isnt the sign of excessive money printing supposed to be rising inflation? Weve
46、 had a whole generation of successive bubblesand inflation is lower than it was at the beginning.The other obvious culprit is financial deregulationnot just in the U.S. but around the world, and including the removal of most controls on the international movement of capital. U U 4 /U /UUBanks gone w
47、ild were at the heart of the commercial real estate bubble of 1980s and the housing bubble that burst in 2007./U Cross-border flows of hot money were at the heart of the Asian crisis of 1997-1 998 and the crisis now erupting in emerging marketsand were central to the ongoing crisis in Europe, too.U U 5 /U /UUIn short, the main lesson of this age of bubblesa lesson that India, Brazil, and others are learning once againis that when the financial industry is set loose to do its thing, it lurches from crisis to crisis./U（分数：20.00）_
