1、公共英语四级-23 及答案解析(总分：99.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Liste(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BPart A/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)BMarathon Race Interview /BDistance of a Marathon race in kilometers 1.Number of runners this year 2.Jims finishing position this year 3.Jims position last year 4.The number of Jims hours in the race 5.（分数：5
2、.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BPart B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).At college, John is going to _.（分数：1.00）_(2).Thomas would probably go to America with _.（分数：1.00）_(3).Steven would like to be _.（分数：1.00）_(4).According to Simon, the kind of job that has more pleasant future is _.（分数：1.00）
3、_(5).Peter thinks that job-hunting _.（分数：1.00）_四、BPart C/B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)（分数：3.00）(1).Why did the woman open the door when someone knocked at it? A.Because she knew the two men. B.Because she thought it was her husband. C.Because she was waiting for them. D.Because she was afraid of them.（分数：1.00）A
4、.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is NOT among the things taken by the robbers? A.A camera. B.A wallet with $200 in it. C.A watch. D.Some jewelry.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why didnt the woman report soon after the robbers ran off? A.Because she fainted. B.Because she was too scared. C.Because her husband
5、 didnt allow her to. D.Because she was bound and gagged.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：3.00）(1).What does the speaker say about bird watching? A. It is entertaining. B. It is a costly hobby. C. It takes lots of time. D. It requires training.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the speaker say about birds fed contin
6、ually on the same spot? A. They can harm nearby plants. B. They may catch some disease. C. They fight each other for food. D. They may pollute the environment.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the speaker suggest we do in feeding birds in winter? A. Place the food on warmer spots. B. Use prepared feed
7、mixtures only. C. Avoid using any contaminated food. D. Continue the feeding till it gets warm.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, the average I.Q.is _. A. 85 B. 100 C. 110 D. 125（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).This passage suggests that an individuals I. Q. _. A. can be predicted at birth
8、B. stays the same throughout his life C. can be increased by education D. is determined by his childhood（分数：1.00）_C_(4).The best statement of the main idea of the passage is that _. A. human brains differ considerably B. the brain a person is born with is important in determining his intelligence C.
9、 environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligence D. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag (喷气飞行时差反应). Jetlag makes business travelers less productiv
10、e and more proneU U 1 /U /Umaking mistakes. It is actually caused byU U 2 /U /Uof your “body clock“a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biologicalU U 3 /U /U. The body clock is designed for aU U 4 /U /Urhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it
11、U U 5 /U /Udaylight and darkness at the “wrong“ times in a new time zone. TheU U 6 /U /Uof jetlag often persist for daysU U 7 /U /Uthe internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system isU U 8 /U /Uthat is based on provenU U 9 /U /Upioneering scientific re- search
12、. Dr. Martin Moore-Ere hasU U 10 /U /Ua practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zoneU U 11 /U /Ucontrolled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminatesU U 12 /U /Uof the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends o
13、n knowing the exact times to eitherU U 13 /U /Uor avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper scheduleU U 14 /U /Ulight exposure depends a great deal onU U 15 /U /Utravel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary (旅行路线) and the individuals slee
14、pU U 16 /U /Uare used to produce a Trip Guide withU U 17 /U /Uon exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide callsU U 18 /U /Ubright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, U U 19 /U /Uyou are on an aero plane, you can use a
15、 special light device to provide the necessary lightU U 20 /U /Ufor a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.（分数：20.00）(1). A.for B. from C. to D.of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2). A. rupture B. corruption C. eruption D. disruption（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3). A. actions B. functions. C. reflectio
16、n D. behavior（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4). A. regular B. formal C. continual D. circular（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5). A. retains B. encounters C. possesses D. experiences（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6). A. diseases B. symptoms C. signs D. defects（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7). A. while B. whereas C. if D. although（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).
17、A. adaptable B. approachable C. available D. agreeable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9). A. broad B. inclusive C. tentative D. extensive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10). A. devised B. recognized C. scrutinized D. visualized（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11). A. at B. through C. in D. as（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12). A. most B. least C. little
18、D. more（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13). A. attain B. shed C. retrieve D. seek（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14). A. on B. with C. for D. in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15). A. unique B. specific C. complicated D. peculiar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16). A. norm B. mode C. pattern D. style（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A.directoriesB. instructions C. s
19、pecifications D. commentaries（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18). A. off B. on C. for D. up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19). A. or B. and C. but D. while（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20). A. agitation B. spur C. acceleration D. stimulus（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、BPassage 1/B(总题数：1，分数：5.0
20、0)We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals co
21、uld switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depres
22、sed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University
23、 School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli dont develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with e
24、xperiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psycholo
25、gist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin (糖精) by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stom
26、ach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader re-exposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier
27、conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.（分数：5.00）(1).Laudenslagers experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity _. A. wa
28、s strengthened B. was not affected C. was altered D. was weakened （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to _. A. try to control unpleasant stimuli B. turn off the electricity C. behave passively in controllable situations D. become abnormally suspi
29、cious （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The reason why the mice in Aders experiment avoided saccharin was that _. A. they disliked its taste B. it affected their immune systems C. it led to stomach pains D. they associated it with stomach （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The passage tells us that the most probable reason fo
30、r the death of the mice in Aders experiment was that _. A. they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin B. the sweetener was poisonous to them C. their immune systems had been altered by the mind D. they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can
31、be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals _. A. can be weakened by conditioning B. can be suppressed by drug injections C. can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin D. can be altered by electric shocks （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、BPassage 2/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The American economic sy
32、stem is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods
33、 and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to m
34、aximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers.
35、 In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers
36、 will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in trun will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating me
37、chanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources(private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.
38、In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resourcs but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the text, the American
39、 economic system only cares for _. A. the consumers interests B. the businessmens interests C. the governments interests D. both A and B（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “motive“ (Para. 1, Line 6) probably means _. A. action B. desire C. service D. process（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We learn from the text that
40、 _. A. supply and demand regulate prices B. producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production C. consumers can convey their demands through producers D. businessmen decide the prices of products（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The text indicates that the feature of a private-enterprise economy is _.
41、A. labor and natural resources control B. private property and rights concerned C. free contracts and rights D. private ownership of products（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A main idea for the text is _. A. how American prices are settled B. how American consumers buy their items C. how American manufacturers
42、make their profits D. how American economic system works（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.十、BPassage 3/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)This kind of complex meaning expressed in written language soon becomes a fish out of water. The complexity of spoken language is more like that of a dance; it is not static and dense but mobile and
43、 intricate. Much more meaning is expressed by grammar than by vocabulary. As a consequence, the sentence structure is highly complex, reaching degrees of complexity that are rarely attained in writing.Writing, as recognized by most people, is genuinely formal and readily tangible, but speaking langu
44、age has merits of its own. It is usually more economic in human face-to-face communication, and it allows the omission of many contextual or commonsensical information. This permits the oral language to be more simplistic and flexible than written language. What is difficult or even impossible to achieve in written language can sometimes be achieved in oral language in a convenient way that does not demand extra efforts. On the other hand, speech can be more difficult to manage in linguistic studies due to such factors that make it readily acceptable as a more economic way of expre
