1、公共英语四级-(无语音，只提供参考)10 及答案解析(总分：99.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Religions of the EastA few years ago many well-known people came to the East to study the Asian reli-gions. They were curious about how the Asian people put peace, joy, happiness, even(1) _ i
2、nto their lives in terms of religious. (1) _It is said that Hinduism is one of the (2) _ Asian religions. Hinduism teaches (2) _that men are not really happy with pleasure, success, power or fiches; what they reallywant is to be alive and to be (3) _ of life as deeply as possible. Man has to over- (
3、3) _come any (4) _ in his life. (4) _Hinduism recognizes four ways to achieve this goal:-by (5)_ , attained by questioning and thinking. (5) _-through love and adoration.-through forgetting oneself.-through (6) _ that tame both ones body and ones soul. (6) _The Buddhist religion has over 165 million
4、 (7) _ . Like the Hindus, Buddha (7) _believed that one becomes (8) _ when one is able to overcome selfishness, sor- (8) _row, and sin and is able to (9) _ self-control, humility, generosity, mercy and (9) _love for all people.All of the Eastern religions believe in (10) _ , which means the soul goe
5、s (10) _from one body to another until it is able to be united with God.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).The conversation is primarily concerned with _.A. the development of the rubber industry in MalaysiaB. the im
6、pact of rubber industry on MalaysiaC. the uneven distribution of wealth in MalaysiaD. the current situation in Malaysia（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What percentage does rubber industry account for in the Gross National Product in Malaysia?A. 12%. B. 20%. C. 30%. D. 13%.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Malaysia is in a
7、good position internationally because _.A. it produces a large amount of rubber oil every yearB. it is rich in fossil resourcesC. it is rich in rubber resourcesD. it is a wealthy country with a large population（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).How many people are involved with the production of rubber in Malaysi
8、a?A. 13 million. B. 7 million.C. 3 million. D. 30 million.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is NOT the problem a smallholder of rubber business has to face in Malaysia?A. Financial problems. B. Boredom.C. Fatigue. D. Lack of insurance schemes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：3.00)1.Wh
9、ich of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. A Federal judge said that the government could not hold the refugees legally.B. The Justice Department and the Federal judge have the same opinion on the release of the refugees.C. The Haitian refugees are requesting political protection.D. ff the refu
10、gees are released, there will be more to come from Haiti.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Who will perform the operations on the patients?A The Chinese doctors. B Lawrence Menendez.C Sandra Levy. D A 29 year-old man.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.If Rene Prevals supporters exceeded 50% of the total voters, he wouldA surpass
11、another candidate. B be the president of Haiti.C avoid a second round runoff. D defeat his rival in the first round.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)At the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joons life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morn
12、ing to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p. m. After dinner, its time to hit the books againat one of Seouls many so-called cram schools. Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning, sleeps less than five hours, then repeats the routinefive days a week. Its a grueling sc
13、hedule, but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a top university. Some of his classmates study even harder.South Koreas education system has long been highly competitive. But for Lee and the other 700,000 high-school sophomores in the country, high-school studies have gotten e
14、ven more intense. Thats because South Korea has conceived a new college-entrance system, which will be implemented in 2008. This years 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by the new admissions standard, which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nat
15、ionwide SAT-style and other selection tests, which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges.The change was made mostly to reduce what the government says is a growing education gap in the country: wealthy students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs, keeping th
16、e children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the new system has had the opposite effect. Before, students didnt worry too much about their grade-point aver
17、ages; the big challenge was beating the standardized tests as high-school seniors. Now students are competing against one another over a three-year period, and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children suc
18、ceed.Parents and kids have sent thousands of angry online letters to the Education Ministry complaining that the new admissions standard is setting students against each other. “One can succeed only when others fail,“ as one parent said.Education experts say that South Koreas public secondary-school
19、 system is foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the countrys high schools are almost uniformly mediocrethe result of an egalitarian government education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government, even the brightest students typic
20、ally have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred on average students. To make up for the mediocrity, zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cram schools.Students in affluent southern Seoul neighbourhoods complain that the new system will hur
21、t them the most. Nearly all Korean high schools will be weighted equally in the college-entrance process, and relatively weak students in provincial schools, who may not score well on standardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages.Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly
22、 complain that they cannot select the best students under the new system because it eliminates differences among high schools. Theyve asked for more discretion in picking students by giving more weight to such screening tools as essay writing or interviews.President Roh Moo Hyun doesnt like how some
23、 colleges are trying to circumvent the new system. He recently criticized “greedy“ universities that focus more on finding the best students than trying to “nurture good students“. But amid the crossfire between the government and universities, the countrys 10th graders are feeling the stress. On on
24、line protest sites, some are calling themselves a “cursed generation“ and “mice in a lab experiment“. It all seems a touch melodramatic, but thats the South Korean school system.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, the new college-entrance system is designed toA require students to sit for more co
25、llege-entrance tests.B reduce the weight of college-entrance tests.C select students on their high school grades only.D reduce the number of prospective college applicants.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?A The system has given equal opportunities to stu
26、dents.B The system has reduced the number of cram schools.C The system has intensified competition among schools.D The system has increased students study load.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to critics, the popularity of private education is mainly the result ofA the governments egalitarian policy.
27、B insufficient number of schools.C curriculums of average quality. D low cost of private education.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, there seems to be disagreement over the adoption of the new system between the following groups EXCEPTA between universities and the government.B between
28、school experts and the government.C between parents and schools.D between parents and the government.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following adjectives best describes the authors treatment of the topic?A Objective. B Positive. C Negative. D Biased.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Research
29、ers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brains physical deterioration.It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study
30、 of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.“That may seem like bad news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education
31、allows people to with stand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “reserve“ hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years
32、, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater
33、shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.“Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ Coffey said.“ People lose (on average) 2.5 percent decade starting at adulthood.“There is, howeve
34、r, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss thro
35、ughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospin
36、al fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on
37、, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.For example, Coffeys team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had
38、 four years of schooling.Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someones mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy for many things“. More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall
39、 health. But Coffey said that his teams findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise.“ The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage),“ he said. “My hunch is that we can.“According to Coffey, people should strive
40、 throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.“A hot topic down the road,“ Coffey said, “will be whether education even late in life has a protective ef
41、fect against mental decline.“Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown, In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with morn education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.（分数：4.00）(1).According to this pas
42、sage, all of the following factors could account for brain shrinkage except_.A. age B. education C. health D. exercise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is true?A. The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every 10 years.B. The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 8 years of educ
43、ation may have increased by 17.7 millimeters.C. The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 16 years of education may increase by 10%.D. The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to Coffeys research, the brain may benefit from_.A. running B. playing chess C. s
44、wimming D. playing football.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).From this passage, we can conclude that_.A. education is beneficial to mental developmentB. education protects the brain from shrinkingC. education has a protective effect against mental declineD. education affects overall brain structures（分数：1.00）A.B
45、.C.D.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Nearly 2, 000 feet in the air, above where the Mississippi River flows into the Gulf of Mexico, the approaching storm is in full view; millions of gallons of wind-swept crude oil, in streaks that arc not black but orange, red and brown. Its easier to grasp the severity of
46、 the crisis unraveling in the Gulf of Mexico when you have an airborne perspective of the oil that is barreling toward the shore. A group of environmentalists, reporters and bayou defenders went up on a small plane for a tour of the coast. “Ill show you the Cajun Bahamas, “the pilot, Lyle Panepinto,
47、 said. Minutes later, he pushed the plane from 1, 100 feet to 2, 000 feet above the water, out toward the Chandeleur Islands, between Louisiana and Mississippi. Earlier this week, scientists collected samples of oil from the islands. “It might be no more, when this is over with, “ Panepinto said of
48、the islands, home to several private fishing camps.At one point, the plane passed over a tiny island filled with pelicans. Louisianas state bird. Booms, which are meant to help block off, retain and skim off the oil, have been placed around the island. But they are, it seems, of little use. In various sections, they have been pushed by wind and water onto the shoreline. Experts say many types of booms only work in calm weather conditions. The past few days have been marked with fierce winds and rain.Booms
