1、公共英语四级(笔试)-58 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Information about Solar EnergyFor the last two centuries we have been using more and more coal, oil and 1 The problem nowadays is to find a way to use the tremendous power from the 2 The most highly dev
2、eloped and most useful type of solar power equipment is the solar 3 One of the cell“s biggest advantages is that it was small enough to 4 Once we find a way to produce cell cheaply, our environment will be much 5 （分数：5.00）填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)On 3rd and 4th November, they had more than a th
3、ird of their average annual rainfall in just 1 Over six million books were 2 Destruction of the forests in the Himalayas had removed one of the natural defences against flooding and the waters swept unimpeded 3 5,000 people were drowned and more than half the population were 4 In the 1990s a Flood A
4、ction Plan was started with the aim of 5 （分数：5.00）填空项 1:_四、Part C(总题数：2，分数：10.00)（分数：5.00）(1).What does “Mother Nature is full of surprises these days“ mean?（分数：1.00）A.Mothers always give surprises to children.B.The weather is very changeable these days.C.People usually feel surprised at the weather
5、.D.Both mother and nature are surprised at the weather.(2).What was the damage caused by the weather change last May?（分数：1.00）A.49 people were killed and a loss of more than $1 billion.B.14 people were killed and a loss of over $10 billion.C.40 people were killed and a loss of $1 billion.D.49 people
6、 were killed and a loss of less than $1 billion.(3).What happened in June last year?（分数：1.00）A.It was extremely cold in the northeast.B.It was extremely windy in the northeast.C.It was extremely hot in the northeast.D.It was extremely rainy in the northeast.(4).What happened in April last year in Ne
7、w England?（分数：1.00）A.25 inches of rain fell there.B.More than 30 inches of rain fell there.C.More than 30 inches of snow fell there.D.25 inches of snow fell there.(5).Concerning the weather issue, what would some scientists say?（分数：1.00）A.Probably more extreme weather events are taking place than at
8、 any time in this century.B.Extreme weather events are caused by global warming.C.The weather has gone wild.D.There are more extreme weather events than ever before.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the possible relationship of these two speakers?（分数：1.00）A.Doctor and patient.B.Teacher and student.C.Two friends.
9、D.Two scientists.(2).What kind of book has Robert recently read?（分数：1.00）A.A book on environmental pollution.B.A book on curing certain diseases.C.A book on killing bacteria.D.A book on the future of the world.(3).According to Richard, what kind of world are we now living in?（分数：1.00）A.A world with
10、good technology and environment.B.A severely polluted world.C.A world filled with bacteria.D.None of the above.(4).According to Robert, what can help control some pollution problems?（分数：1.00）A.New technology.B.Some scientists.C.All the bacteria.D.Certain bacteria.(5).How can bacteria help clean the
11、polluted environment?（分数：1.00）A.They ingest the petroleum and excrete nitrogen and hydrogen.B.They ingest the petroleum and excrete nitrogen and oxygen.C.They ingest the petroleum and excrete hydrogen and oxygen.D.None of the above.五、Section Reading(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Part A(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The Earth“s
12、Spreading DesertsOnly a generation ago, Mauritania“s capital city was many days“ walk from the Sahara. Today it is in the Sahara. The sand blows through the city streets and piles up against walls and fences. The desert stretches out as far as the eye can see. In some parts of the Amazon rain forest
13、 in Brazil, all the trees have been cut down. The earth lies bare and dry in the hot sun. Nothing grows there any more. Over vast areas of every continent, the rainfall and vegetation necessary for life are disappearing. Already more than 40 percent of the earth“s land is desert or desert-like. Abou
14、t 628 million peopleone out of sevenlive in these dry regions. In the past, they have managed to survive, but with difficulty. Now, largely through problems caused by modern life, their existence is threatened by the slow, steady spread of the earth“s deserts. Many countries first became concerned i
15、n the 1970s after a terrible drought and famine destroyed Africa“s Sahel, the fragile desert along the south edge of the Sahara. Thousands of people died even though there was a worldwide effort to send food and medicine to the starving people. Droughts and crop failures are not new in desert region
16、s. They have been a fact of life for thousands of years. However, few people lived in desert regions in the past. They kept few animals, and they moved frequently. Today“s problems are caused in great part by distinctly modern factors. In the Sahel, for example, Africans benefited from improvements
17、in public health and modern farming methods. New water wells encouraged people to settle down on the land near the wells. The population grew. Farmers planted more crops and enlarged their herds of cattle, sheep and goats. They became dependent on the new wells. When the drought came, the crops fail
18、ed and the cattle ate all the grass around the overworked wells. The fragile land quickly lost its topsoil and became nothing but sand and dust. Many countries are experiencing similar problems. Poor land is farmed until it is worn out, and trees are cut for firewood, leaving the soil unprotected ag
19、ainst wind and rain. In Peru, Chile, and Brazil, some areas that once were covered with forests now look like the moon. In India, some land has been so badly damaged by farming and tree cutting that mud now slides into the Indus and Ganges rivers. Cattle, sheep, and goats add to the problem by eatin
20、g grass and other plants faster than they can grow back. In the United States, some highly populated areas are really desert. Water must be piped in from hundreds of miles away. Scientists still do not understand all the complex problems of the desert; but there have been many ideas for saving the l
21、and. Saudi Arabia has planted 10 million trees to help keep the sand from taking over fertile areas. The Israelis are again using some of the water collection systems left by the ancient peoples in the Negev desert. They plan to water their orchards with the extra water. Some Sahel farmers still rai
22、se cattle on their poor farm land, but before the cattle are sold, they are taken to greener lands in the south to get fat. The spread of the deserts affects more countries. The big question today is, how can an expanding world population find food and space without destroying the land it lives on?
23、For many countries, battling the desert is the only chance to avoid starvation and disaster.（分数：20.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, what has happened in Mauritania?（分数：4.00）A.The Sahara has spread until it reached Mauritania“s capital.B.Mauritania has moved its capital to the Sahara.C.It takes a lon
24、g time to walk through the Sahara.D.People in Mauritania like the desert.(2).What does “one out of seven“ in Paragraph 3 refers to?（分数：4.00）A.The percentage of the earth“s land that is desert-like.B.More than a third of the land“s earth.C.The number of people who live in dry regions.D.One of the sev
25、en continents in the world.(3).What is the Sahel mentioned in Paragraph 4?（分数：4.00）A.The great drought and famine in Africa.B.The desert along the south edge of the Sahara.C.The death of thousands of people.D.Droughts and crop failures.(4).What is the result of a severe drought?（分数：4.00）A.Few people
26、 live in desert regions.B.New wells have to be drilled.C.Farmers plant more crops.D.The land will become nothing but sand and dust.(5).How many ideas for saving the land are described in the text?（分数：4.00）A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.七、Part B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1 The atmosphere consists of a number of gas
27、es, the most important of which from the point of view of life on Earth is oxygen. It is a by-product of plant metabolism. It is essential to the metabolism of animals, and it also takes part in an important reaction in the stratosphere. The oxygen molecule consists of two atoms of oxygen-written as
28、 O 2 . In the stratosphere the ultraviolet rays of the sun can break the molecule down into individual atomsO and O. 2 These atoms are unstable and can attach themselves to other oxygen molecules to form molecules of ozone oxygen with three atoms of oxygenO3. Under the influence of radiation from an
29、other part of the ultraviolet spectrum the molecules of ozone can break down and unite with more free oxygen atoms to form oxygen molecules againO 3 unites with O to produce O 2 and O 2 . As a result there is a layer in the atmosphere where ozone is continually produced and destroyed. 3 This ozone l
30、ayer lies between 15 and 50 km above the groundwith the greatest concentration at about 23kmand is estimated to contain about 5 billion tonnes of ozone at one time. All this activity absorbs the energy of the ultraviolet light and prevents it from reaching the ground, which is a good thing as certai
31、n wavebands of ultraviolet light can cause cancers, cataracts, and decreases in crop yields. 4 The presence of certain other molecules, particularly of chlorine, influences the speed of these reactionsusually increasing the speed of the breakdown of the ozone. This is very noticeable in springtime i
32、n the Antarctic when chorine from pollutants in released from the icy winter clouds. 5 The ozone concentration is reduced here, and the still conditions cannot bring it in from elsewhere, resulting in the so-called ozone hole. It is believed that much of the chlorine responsible comes from industria
33、l gases such as CFCs, as well as from natural sources such as volcanoes. This is becoming a worldwide problem as a thinning of the ozone layer over Europe was detected early in 1993.（分数：15.00）_八、Section Writing(总题数：1，分数：45.00)1.Read the following text(s) and write an essay to1) summarize the main po
34、ints of the text(s),2) make clear your own viewpoints, and3) justify your stand.In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text(s). If you use more than three consecutive words from the text(s), use quotation marks(“ “).You should write 160-200 words. Europe“s best-known landmar
35、ksincluding the Eiffel Tower, Big Ben and Rome“s Colosseumfell dark Saturday, following Sydney“s Opera House and Beijing“s Forbidden City in joining a global climate change protest, as lights were switched off across the world to mark the Earth Hour event. In the United States, the lights went out a
36、t the Empire State Building in New York, the National Cathedral in Washington, and the Coca-Cola headquarters in Atlanta. Millions were expected to turn off lights and appliances for an hour from 8:30 p.m. in a gesture to highlight environmental concerns and to call for a binding pact to cut greenho
37、use gas emissions. This year was the fourth annual Earth Hour, organized by the World Wildlife Fund. “I think it“s great to see that hundreds of millions of people share this common value of lowering our carbon footprint,“ said Dan Forman, a spokesman for WWF in Washington. Some 4,000 cities in more
38、 than 120 countriesstarting with the remote Chatham Islands off the coast of New Zealandvoluntarily switched off on Saturday to reduce energy consumption, though traffic lights and other safety features were unaffected, organizers said. Buckingham Palace and the British Parliament building went dark
39、 to support the campaign, along with other famed London landmarks including St. Paul“s Cathedral and the Royal Albert Hall, as well as Edinburgh Castle in Scotland. Moscow“s iconic and imposing State University, perched on a hill overlooking the city, all but disappeared into the darkness as the cit
40、y took part in the protest. The gigantic Luzhniki Stadium nearby also went black, as did the skyscraping Ukraina Hotel downtown. Restaurants in Vladivostok held a so-called Candle Evening, promoting Earth Hour as a chance for romance. Last year, some 88 cities took part in Earth Hour, which is backe
41、d by the United Nations as well as global corporations, nonprofit groups, schools, scientists and celebrities. （分数：45.00）_公共英语四级(笔试)-58 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Information about Solar EnergyFor the last two centuries we have been using more
42、and more coal, oil and 1 The problem nowadays is to find a way to use the tremendous power from the 2 The most highly developed and most useful type of solar power equipment is the solar 3 One of the cell“s biggest advantages is that it was small enough to 4 Once we find a way to produce cell cheapl
43、y, our environment will be much 5 （分数：5.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：gas.）解析： gas. 听力原文 For the last two centuries we have been using more and more coal, oil and gas. These fuels will not last forever. The problem has been to find a way to use the tremendous power which the earth receives from the sun every day
44、. Not only is the sun now used for cooking, but it also supplies power for such things as beacon lights for ships and airplanes. It operates telephone lines, movie cameras, electric clocks, and hearing aids. Some homes and office buildings in the United States are now being heated with solar energy.
45、 Solar stills are especially important because they can provide fresh water fairly cheaply. They can rapidly take the salt out of sea water. The most highly developed and most useful type of solar power equipment is the solar cell. One of the cell“s biggest advantages is that it can be made small en
46、ough to carry. It can also be made large enough to produce enough power to run a car. Another advantage of the solar cell is that it has a very long life. It is still very expensive, but when ways are discovered to produce it more cheaply, it will be used very widely. The environment will be much cl
47、eaner then. 解析： sun. 解析： cell. 解析： carry. 解析： cleaner. 三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)On 3rd and 4th November, they had more than a third of their average annual rainfall in just 1 Over six million books were 2 Destruction of the forests in the Himalayas had removed one of the natural defences against flooding and the waters swept unimpeded 3 5,000 people were drowned and more than half the population were 4 In the 1990s a Flood Action Plan was started with the aim of 5 （分数：5.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：two days.）解析： two days. 听力原文 In 1966, Europe suffered extremely bad weather when
