1、公共英语三级真题 2011 年 03 月及答案解析(总分：85.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)What might the house of the future be like? Grace “can tell. More formally known as the Microsoft Home, her high-tech devices, along with (26) in design and construction, will change
2、the (27) we think about our homes.You enter the house, and Graces (28) , coming from hidden speakers, passes on your messages. In the kitchen, you set a bag of flour on the intelligently (29) stone counter. Grace sees what youre (30) , and projects a list of flour-based food on the counter. (31) you
3、 choose one, Grace repeats instructions for cooking. She (32) knows whats in the cupboard.The day when your house will be like a family member is not that far off. This (33) of seamless computing, in which technology is everywhere yet nowhere ( (34) when we want it), is emphasized in most future-hom
4、e thinking.Microsoft, (35) , isnt the only one exploring (36) technology can make our homes more (37) and comfortable. At the Georgia Institute of Technology, scientists are (38) systems that will allow older people to continue living (39) . So Grandmas home can be intelligently wired to (40) her pa
5、tterns of wake, sleep and movement; family members would be (41) of any changes via computer.Does spying on Grandma sound (42) ? Director Beth Mynatt says “A good bit of our (43) has been working on how to convey information without (44) privacy. We also dont want to create (45) anxiety. Maybe she j
6、ust took a quiet day to read, and the system would have to recognize that. /（分数：20.00）A.promotionsB.applicationsC.practicesD.advancesA.wayB.mannerC.styleD.scopeA.imageB.figureC.voiceD.soundA.disposedB.shapedC.engineeredD.conditionedA.sayingB.feelingC.searchingD.doingA.BeforeB.OnceC.SinceD.UnlessA.ev
7、enB.thusC.yetD.onlyA.hopeB.passionC.faithD.notionA.perhapsB.exceptC.providedD.especiallyA.thereforeB.likewiseC.howeverD.moreoverA.howB.whetherC.whatD.whyA.fashionableB.complicatedC.efficientD.attractiveA.decoratingB.designingC.deliveringD.debatingA.independentlyB.enthusiasticallyC.colorfullyD.satisf
8、actorilyA.receiveB.recognizeC.representD.reviewA.warnedB.relievedC.advisedD.informedA.interestingB.boringC.disturbingD.appealingA.analysisB.researchC.concernD.focusA.sacrificingB.affectingC.preventingD.losingA.unusualB.unfortunateC.uncertainD.unnecessary三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题
9、数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whenever Catherine Brown, a 37-year-old journalist, and her friends, professionals in their 30s and early 40s, meet at a London caf, their favorite topic of conversation is relationships: mens reluctance to commit, womens independence, and when to have childrenor,
10、 increasingly, whether to have them at all. “With the years passing my chances of having a child go down, but I wont marry anyone just to have a child,“ says Brown. To people like Brown, babies are greatif the timing is right. But theyre certainly not essential.In much of the world, having kids is n
11、o longer a given. “Never before has childlessness been an understandable decision for women and men in so many societies,“ says Frank Hakim at the London School of Economics. Young people are extending their child-free adulthood by postponing children until they are well into their 30s, or even 40s
12、and beyond.A growing share are ending up with no children at all. Lifetime childlessness in western Germany has hit 30 percent among university-educated women, and is rapidly rising among lower-class men. In Britain, the number of women remaining childless has doubled in 20 years.The latest trend of
13、 childlessness does not follow historic patterns. For centuries it was not unusual for a quarter of European women to remain childless. But in the past, childlessness was usually the product of poverty or disaster, of missing men in times of war. Today the decision to haveor not havea child is the r
14、esult of a complex combination of factors, including relationships, career opportunities, lifestyle and economics.In some cases childlessness among women can be seen as a quiet form of protest. In Japan, support for working mothers hardly exists. Child care is expensive, men dont help out, and some
15、companies strongly discourage mothers from returning to work. “In Japan, its career or child,“ says writer Kaori Haishi. Its not just women who are deciding against children; according to a recent study, Japanese men are even less inclined to marry or want a child. Their motivations, though, may hav
16、e more to do with economic factors.（分数：10.00）(1).Catherine Brown and her friends feel that having children is not_.（分数：2.00）A.totally wiseB.a huge problemC.a rational choiceD.absolutely necessary(2).It can be inferred that, for many women, having babies nowadays is_.（分数：2.00）A.a hard commitmentB.hel
17、pful to their careerC.essential for happinessD.an understandable decision(3).In the old days, many women remained childless _.（分数：2.00）A.as a quiet form of protestB.because of lack of supportC.because of unfortunate circumstancesD.because they lacked social responsibility(4).We learn that childlessn
18、ess at present _.（分数：2.00）A.affects Europe more than it does AsiaB.produces more benefits than in the pastC.is more a womans decision than a mansD.is more complex in its cause than that in the past(5).According to the text, when a Japanese man decides not to have children, he probably feels unable t
19、o _.（分数：2.00）A.help with houseworkB.afford to have a childC.be a responsible fatherD.balance work and family六、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Faced with a mission-critical decision, who would you turn to for advice? Someone you had great confidence in, surely. But several lines of research show that our insti
20、ncts about where to turn to for counsel are often not completely correct.My research looks at prejudices that affect how people use advice, including why they often blindly follow recommendations from people whoas far as they knoware as knowledgeable as they are. In studies I conducted with Don Moor
21、e of Camegie Mellon University, for example, I found that people tend to overvalue advice when the problem theyre addressing is hard and to undervalue it when the problem is easy.In our experiments, subjects were asked to guess the weight of people in various pictures, some of which were in focus an
22、d some of which were unclear. For each picture, subjects guessed twice: the first time without advice and the second time with input from another participant. When the pictures were in focus, we found, subjects tended to discount the advice; apparently, they were confident in their ability to guess
23、correctly. When the pictures were unclear, subjects leaned heavily on the advice of others and seemed less secure about their initial opinion. Because they misjudged the value of the advice they receivedconsistently overvaluing or undervaluing it depending on the difficulty of the problemour subject
24、s did not make the best guesses overall. They would have done better if theyd considered the advice equally, and to a moderate degree, on both hard and easy tasks.Another advice-related prejudice Ive found compels people to overvalue advice that they pay for. In one study I conducted, subjects answe
25、red different sets of questions about American history. Before answering some of the questions, they could get advice on the correct answer from another subject whom they knew was no more expert than they were. In one version of the experiment, people could get advice for free, while in another vers
26、ion, they paid for it. When they paid for advice, people tended to have firm belief in it, I suspect, by a combination of sunk-cost preju-dice and the nearly instinctual belief that cost and quality are linked.（分数：10.00）(1).In the face of a mission-critical decision, people tend to _.（分数：2.00）A.trus
27、t their own effortsB.rely on research findingsC.get affected by others opinionD.seek help from the more knowledgable(2).Research shows that when faced with difficult problems people often _.（分数：2.00）A.discount others adviceB.overlook others adviceC.disagree with others adviceD.over-rely on others ad
28、vice(3).The first experiment tries to prove how objective conditions _.（分数：2.00）A.strengthen peoples initial opinionB.strengthen peoples self-confidenceC.influence peoples response to adviceD.influence peoples guess of weight loss(4).It can be inferred that people are likely to _.（分数：2.00）A.underval
29、ue free adviceB.overvalue peers adviceC.misinterpret specialist adviceD.misjudge their instinctual belief(5).The two experiments mentioned in the text reveal _.（分数：2.00）A.how to follow others adviceB.how to understand others adviceC.what causes people to seek adviceD.what affects peoples attitude to
30、 advice七、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Top National Health Service (NHS) nurses will be able to earn $ 40,000 a year without leaving frontline patient care in a modification to salary structures. New “super nurse“ grades will be created to enable the best staff to increase their salaries without having to m
31、ove into management desk jobs. Currently the most senior NHS nurses can earn a maximum $ 28,000 a year unless they are willing to withdraw from the frontline and become administrators. Hundreds of experienced and highly-qualified nurses are lost to patient care every year because of this oddity.Whil
32、e only a few thousand of Britains 332,000 NHS nurses will qualify for the $ 40,000-plus salary, fast-track promotion schemes and a simpler grading system will increase the pay of many more. The government announced that a new simplified career structure would see just four grades replacing the exist
33、ing six. Nurses will begin their careers as healthcare assistants before moving up to registered practitioner grade, followed by senior registered practitioner and ultimately, consultant practitioner and a $ 40,000 salary.“Nurses are rising to the challenge of modernisation,“ said a government offic
34、ial. “These proposals will help them improve their professional role further and provide a better service to patients. We do not think that in order to be paid more, nurses should have to move into management. Nur-ses working at the sharp end of patient care should have a career structure which no l
35、onger penalises them for wanting to stay there. “The Nursing Strategy will include proposals to allow more flexible training courses and improve oppommities for qualified nurses who have left the profession to return in parttime roles. The Royal College of Nursing welcomed the reforms. The top salar
36、y level falls into line with figures it had presented to ministers.（分数：10.00）(1).Hundreds of experienced nurses are lost to patient care every year because they _.（分数：2.00）A.dislike the nursing jobB.are dissatisfied with their payC.are replaced by “super nurses“D.lack further training for the profes
37、sion(2).The new system will mostly benefit those who _.（分数：2.00）A.move into managementB.work on a part time basisC.have retired from the nursing jobD.have reached the top of the system(3).The new career structure is different from the existing one in its _.（分数：2.00）A.quality of nurses servicesB.poss
38、ibility of a job transferC.opportunities for promotionD.simplicity of nurses grades(4).The Nursing Strategy will be adopted in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.provide more consultation to practitionersB.encourage experienced nurses to work part timeC.enable the most experienced nurses to be paid moreD.promote
39、 the most experienced nurses to management(5).The Royal College of Nursing _.（分数：2.00）A.proposed similar top salary for nursesB.raised the management issue to ministersC.suggested a four-grade system for nursesD.put forward the Nursing Strategy to ministers八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Ankita Agarwal:Your
40、article made me ashamed. Ive always thought of myself as not the typical self-absorbed teenager, but I guess I was wrong. While I sit in my large, warm and cozy house, wishing for the shoes and clothes I see in teen magazines, there are people in the world wishing for something as simple as clean wa
41、ter. Thank you for reminding me about people who would be more than happy with what I have.Janet Tejada:What about the relationship between population, consumption and resources? After all, poverty, most simply defined, is not having enough resources. The steady growth of the global population, over
42、consumption of resources by developed nations such as the U. S. , and increasing levels of consumption among the growing middle class in many developing nations ensure that there is ever less of the planets already dwindling resources to go around.Tadaship Kawabe:Extreme poverty is so tragic. Sudden
43、 natural disasters like an earthquake mobilize a large number of people and money for a short period of time, while the slow but massive wave of poverty and death in Africa doesnt attract the worlds attention in the same way. When we try to help those affected by disasters and extreme poverty, howev
44、er, we shouldnt focus on the overwhelming number of the dead but simply try to do something good for others.Jane Thomas:The poor should be trained to organize, set priorities and develop skills and resources to put their own community plans into action. What your article proposes is the conventional
45、 top-down way for doing things: outsiders determine the priorities and solutions, then throw money at them. To actually help, we must first develop our own skills and understanding. We need to find out what the poor want and“ what the root causes of the problems are. We have to listen to poor people
46、.Sanjay Kathe:Concerned and sensible peoples endeavors to reduce poverty in underdeveloped countries are deserving of high praise. It is sad, however, that only a small part of the funds raised for the pool actually reach them. The generous people who donate money to reduce poverty would be more suc
47、cessful if they spent time in the poor nations to check first-hand the use of their funds.Now match the name of each person (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement.Note: there are two extra statements.Statements A What we should do is to help the poor help themselves. B I have always been deeply gri
48、eved by the tragic disasters. C The root of poverty lies in the unfair distribution of resources. D The situation in Africa has been overlooked by the world. E The use of donated funds should be put under strict control. F People living in prosperity should cherish what they have. G Its our duty to
49、end global poverty.（分数：5.00）(1).Ankita Agarwal（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Janet Tejada（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Tadaship Kawabe（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Jane Thomas（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Sanjay Kathe（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_九、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Part A(总题数：1，分数：15.00)1.Youve just moved into a neighborhood where you find the current public transport is inadequate, and so you wan
