1、公共英语三级-阅读理解题(三)及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 5(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Bear in mind that fewer workers gain a sense of self-actualization from work itself than those who gain it from incidental aspects of the work. The former are the ambitious achievers and r
2、elatively few in number. They seek a job that has work they really want to do.The nonjob-oriented employees accept almost any job that is available. They are not very fussy about the nature of the work so long as it provides an acceptable income and satisfactory human relations. This interpretation
3、probably explains the findings of a twelve-year study by a Princeton, New Jersey research corporation that studied the personality dynamics of employees of several thousand client companies. Generally they found that four out of every five employees were misemployed. That is they were working in job
4、s for which they were not entirely suited. They were non job-oriented.The focus of the study was on office jobs in twelve key industries: banking and finance; chemical; pharmaceutical; data processing; farm equipment; heavy manufacturing; insurance; media/publishing; printing/business firms; real es
5、tate; and stock brokerage and mutual funds.One of the statements in the published report of this study is, “Too many individuals who are misemployed in the job they hold, cling tenaciously to that job, doing just well enough not to be terminated.“Many of these misemployed actually do their work quit
6、e well because it is easily learned and more or less of a routine nature. When they leave an employer their positions are easily filled by applicants who walk into the employment office looking for an opening.A few of these routine workers do break out of their occupational level and train themselve
7、s for something on a higher level. They exemplify the statement of the person who says, “I became successful as soon as I made up my mind as to where I was going and how I was going to get there even though I was broke when I made the decision.“One factor in the inability of certain workers to find
8、themselves vocationally may be in their lack of self-esteem. Vocational crystallization and self-esteem are related. People with high self-esteem express greater certainty about their career choices than do those with low self-esteem.（分数：10.00）(1).The author is mainly concerned about people who_.（分数
9、：2.00）A.fulfill their values in their workB.choose jobs they really likeC.work in fields they are not fit forD.hold down to jobs they dont like(2).The nonjob-oriented workers viewed jobs_.（分数：2.00）A.as a means of earning a livingB.as the most important thing in lifeC.as a way of self-actualizationD.
10、as a way of gaining self-satisfaction(3).Which of the following can best describe the nature of the jobs held by the misemployed?（分数：2.00）A.They are not easy to perform.B.They require delicate operation.C.They are highly challenging.D.They are not sophisticated.(4).Why do misemployed workers seldom
11、consider changing their present jobs?（分数：2.00）A.They do not possess academic degrees needed for jobs of a higher level.B.They have gained positions they want to get in their present jobs.C.They do not acquire the skills and knowledge needed in other jobs.D.They do not have confidence in their abilit
12、y for other vocations.(5).What can be inferred from the attitude of the nonjob-oriented toward their choice of a vocation?（分数：2.00）A.They do not seek self-actualization in their vocational choice.B.They aim to receive their highest satisfactions from their jobs.C.They are large in number among emplo
13、yees.D.They usually aspire high in their vocational choice.四、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Nothing impresses quite like a handwritten personal note. Textbooks on business management stress that point, but writing anything in longhand takes time, and busy people never have enough of that. It occurred to Pran
14、noy Roy, Indias leading pollster and the founder of small New Delhi-based software firm called Statart Software, that computers could be taught to do the job. Two years ago, Roy brought together several young software engineers to see if a computer could provide the personal touch of a handwritten n
15、ote by imitating a persons script. The answer will be on computer-shop shelves across the U. S. this month: a program called MyScript, which will sell for $199.Roy, who is applying for a U. S. patent, is convinced that MyScript is the first program of its kind. It is also one of the first Indian com
16、puter programsif not the very firstto go on the market in the U. S. Several American companies, including Texas Instruments and Hewlett Packard, entered into software-development ventures with Indian firms during the 1980s.MyScript works by using a hand scanner to enter a sample of a persons writing
17、, at first just a few words plus the alphabet. “If you have bad handwriting,“ says Roy, “this is great. You only have to write well once.“ After that, whenever the person types a letter, it will appear on the screen in his or her hand. The completed note or letter is printed out on a laser or a dot
18、matrix printer, or by a pen plotter.To make the product look as spontaneous as a handwritten letter, the software inserts random discrepancies in word spacing and margins. It also allows editing onscreen to add such touches as crossed-out words or marginal notes. To appeal to the U.S. market, Roy en
19、larged the script to suit sprawling American handwriting. Roy believes MyScripts appeal will extend from home use to business and public life. At least one politician is studying its possibilities: Rajiv Gandli, Indias former Prime Minister and a committed computer bug.（分数：10.00）(1).The Statart Soft
20、ware has produced a computer that can_.（分数：2.00）A.teach people how to write in longhandB.instruct busy people how to save time in writingC.present letters in ones handwritingD.turn a persons script into printed form(2).What is the purpose of inventing this kind of computer?（分数：2.00）A.To offer the us
21、er various specimens of notes and letters.B.To add a personal feeling to letters produced through the computer.C.To provide different styles of pre written handwriting for people to choose from.D.To make letter-writing easy and interesting for busy people.(3).Which statement is true as far as softwa
22、re development is concerned?（分数：2.00）A.India is not as advanced as U. S. in software development.B.S. companies entered into sharp competition with Indian software firms.C.MyScript has gained permission to go on U, S. market.D.S. companies cooperated with Indian designers.(4).What must be done first
23、 to get handwritten-like letters through Myscript?（分数：2.00）A.To provide a specimen of ones handwriting to the software.B.To choose a style of handwriting from the list stored in MyScript.C.To get samples of note forms stored in the program.D.To connect ones computerto the internet.(5).Who are likely
24、 to be the initial users of MyScript?（分数：2.00）A.Business companies.B.Government offices.C.Users of private computers.D.Internet surfers.五、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)To meet strict air-pollution standards scheduled to take effect over the next few years, oil companies are racing to make their fossil fuels
25、 as pollution free as the alternatives, chiefly methanol and natural gas. Last week Atlantic Richfield, the eighth largest U.S. oil company, said it had developed just such a fuel: a cleaner-burning gasoline that the company claims will cut toxic emissions nearly 50%.If making a better gasoline is s
26、o easy, why hasnt anyone done it before? The simple answer: cleaner fuels are more expensive. A gallon of ARCOs new gasECXwill cost about 16 cents more at the pump than standard gasoline. If ARCO simply passed those charges on to its customers, they would soon find new places to refuel. But the Los
27、Angeles based company knows that California is about to set new fuel standards that will require all oil companies in the state to reformulate their gasoline or switch to alternative fuels. ARCO has no plans to sell ECX until it is ordered to meet the new standards, which will take effect soon.Produ
28、cing cleaner gasoline is a matter of improving the refining process. Gasoline is a mixture of as many as 100 carbon-based compounds obtained from crude oil by selectively distilling, i.e. getting rid of various hydrocarbons. ARCOs goal was to reduce the concentration of pollutant elements. To make E
29、CX, the companys chemists have to add compounds that cost more to refine.The cleaner gas has advantages over rival fuels like methanol M85, a mixture of 15% gasoline and 85% alcohol, which costs 25 cents to 40 cents more than standard gasoline. Unlike methanol, ECX can be used in any car without mec
30、hanical adjustments or loss of power. As a result, the development could stop the massive switchover to alternative fuels. Switching to such fuels as methanol and natural gas would require retooling the millions of cars built each year and installing new pumps and tanks at 200,000 US service station
31、s. It would also end the cozy auto-fuel monopoly the oil industry has enjoyed for nearly a century.（分数：10.00）(1).What are oil companies competing for?（分数：2.00）A.Producing clean alternatives such as methanol.B.Producingto tally pollution-free fuels.C.Developing alternatives for gasoline.D.Developing
32、cleaner fossil fuels.(2).What does the word “toxic“ in the first paragraph mean?（分数：2.00）A.Poisonous.B.Wasteful.C.Radioactive.D.Impure.(3).What would the consumers do if ARCO sells ECX now?（分数：2.00）A.They would have no choice but pay the extra charges.B.They would welcome the new fuel.C.They would b
33、uy fuel from other oil companies.D.They would buy it before the new oil standards take effect.(4).Why is ECX more expensive than standard fuels?（分数：2.00）A.ECX requires the costly removal of all hydrocarbons.B.ECX provides more power than standard fuels.C.Higher cost is involved in the refining proce
34、ss.D.More energy is saved by using ECX.(5).What is probably the prospect of cleaner gasoline?（分数：2.00）A.It will be replaced by natural gas.B.It will be the fuel in the future.C.It is too costly to be the fuel for“ the future.D.It will not replace the fuels people use now.六、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Paul
35、a“I had been on a cruise before I got married and loved it,“ Paula S. of Brooklyn, N. Y., says. “1 wanted to go again because I knew how exciting it can be, but I could not convince my husband. He thought he would be bored. Imagine! Finally, he agreed when I put together a group of friends to go wit
36、h us. He had the time of his life and was planning another cruise before we got home. If you are hesitant about taking a cruise, I say, do it. I guarantee you will love it. When you take your first cruise, and the many journeys aboard ship in the years to come, you will have wonderful memories of yo
37、ur own.“Mrs. JohnsonTwo well-traveled couples from different parts of the country, who were friends form school days, decided to celebrate their 50th birthday by taking a cruise together. “We had heard so much from our friends about the service on a cruise ship, it seemed like the right atmosphere f
38、or a special occasion like ours,“ Mrs. Johnson, one of them explained. “It was wonderful, but what we had not anticipated was how pleasant the experience would be.“MaryMary D. and her husband Neil of Santa Monica, Calif., recently took Marys mother on her first cruise. “1 dont know who was more thri
39、lled. My mother is not easy to please, but she loved every minute of it. It was a joy for me to share the cruise with my husband and children and see my mother enjoying herself so much.“CarrieCarrie J. from Dallas, Texas, took her first cruise with her elder sister last summer and says she knew it w
40、ould be fun. “But it was much better than we ever dreamed. We never had a worry the whole week. Everybody was really friendly and made sure we had a good time. Dinner was a blast with our waiter always doing magic tricks and making us laugh with his jokes. What I liked best was having so many people
41、 my age around. My sister, whos going on 19 this year, had a good time, too. She met a guy who is now her boyfriend.“BobbieBobbie C. and his cousin Peter from Detroit, Mich., recently took their first cruise and are “still floating.“ Bobbie says, “After the singles party on the first night, I though
42、t, man, this is for me. We really had a ball. I dont think we ever slept except on deck chairs. We didnt want to miss anything. Its so easy to meet people and enjoy oneself.“Now match each people (16 to 20) to the appropriate statement.Note: there are two extra statements. A Being married I love cru
43、ise travel very much. B We enjoyed our dinner immensely on the cruise C Im sure reluctant cruisers will like cruise travel if they take it, D Cruise offers chances of agreeable social interaction for bachelors. E I enjoy the experience of floating on the sea. F I was happy to share the trip with my
44、family. G Our journey turned out to be a pleasant surprise.（分数：10.00）(1).Paula（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Mrs. Johnson（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Mary（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Carrie（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Bobbie（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_七、Unit 6(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)九、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The fire broke out in a bake
45、ry in the early hours of Sunday, 2 September 1666. The baker was a man called Thomas Farrinor, whose premises were in Pudding Lane. No-one knows exactly how it happened, but he probably left a pile of sticks too near the oven. They caught fire and then set the kitchen alight. The wooden houses nearb
46、y were very dry because of a long, hot summer and were joined together by narrow streets. A strong East wind caused the flames to spread quickly from the bakery to other houses.At first, no-one took any notice of the fire. Samuel Pepys woke up at three a.m., but “thought it far enough off, and so to
47、 bed again and to sleep“, as he wrote in his diary. The Lord Mayor, Sir Thomas Bludworth, also thought it was just a minor outbreak and so he too returned to bed. Many of the houses nearby, especially near the river, were warehouses full of oil and spirits. These very inflammable materials quickly a
48、dded to the fire. By the morning over three hundred houses were burning.Pepys at last realized the seriousness of the situation and went to warn the King, Charles II, who sent him to the Lord Mayor with instructions to pull down the houses. But few people listened to him, and many of them refused to
49、 allow soldiers to demolish their shops and houses.On Tuesday, 4 September, the King put his brother, the Duke of York, in charge of operations. He organised demolition immediately. The King himself helped fight the fire and distributed gold coins to encourage the workmen. Finally, on Thursday, the fire was brought under control. To the North-West, soldiers stopped it at Pie Corner. Pepys house remained untouched by the fire. Miraculously, only eigh
