1、高等院校英语入学分级测试三级分类模拟题 18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part One Fast Readin(总题数：1，分数：10.00)HighwaysEarly in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and to
2、o narrow to accommodate (容纳) automobiles. With the increase in auto production, private turnpike (收费公路) companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford an
3、d John Mac Adam (for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the
4、weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. Army“s first transcontinental motor convoy (车队), he noted, “The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany“s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broade
5、r ribbons across the land.“ It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World War , a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen percent of defen
6、se plants received all their supplies by truck and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Som
7、e states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria. The
8、interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public work projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridges, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geograph
9、ic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, desserts, and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative desig
10、ns of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America. Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Sky
11、way in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt, Baker in Washington, met many of the nation“s physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were i
12、nvaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns. Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. and the U.S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit la
13、nes, curves engineered for sate turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U. S. roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads). By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consume
14、r goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they
15、cherish most: personal freedom of mobility. The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation“s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation“s freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates
16、 for the last leg of the journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing pl
17、ants and other industries from urban areas to rural. By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadershi
18、p. The year construction began he said: “Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bearUnited States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.“（分数：10.00）(1).What do we know about most of the early 20t
19、h-century streets and roads in the U. S.?（分数：1.00）A.They were made of dirt, brick, and poplar tree blocks.B.They were scarcely built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic.C.They were usually poorly cared for.D.They were wide enough to accommodate automobiles.(2).The specifications of Thomas Telford
20、and John MacAdam emphasized the importance of -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.adequate drainageB.weight restrictionsC.auto productionD.commercial Signs(3).Thirteen per cent of defense plants received all their supplies by -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.trainB.truckC.carD.plane(4).The Federal-Aid Highway Act 1944 called for stri
21、ct, centrally controlled -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.design timeB.construction timeC.construction methodD.design criteria(5).It was -|_|- that the American government finally took action to build an interstate highway system.（分数：1.00）A.in the 1930sB.in the 1940sC.in the 1950sD.in the 1960s(6).Many of the probl
22、ems presented by the country“s -|_|- found solutions in innovative engineering projects.（分数：1.00）A.geographical featuresB.the slope of the landC.tunnelsD.deserts(7).Despite safety considerations, -|_|- on highways is half that of all other American roads.（分数：1.00）A.the limited accessB.the death rate
23、C.the health careD.the wide lanes(8).The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was 1.（分数：1.00）(9).Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than 1.（分数：1.00）(10).The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition of 1.（分数：1.00）二、Part Two Cloze(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、
24、Section A(总题数：1，分数：20.00)There“s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 1 to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 2 for fossil fuels? Global warming can seem too 3 to worry about, or too uncertainsomething
25、projected by the same computer 4 that often can“t get next week“s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn“t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 5 change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us ou
26、t of our cars and restrict our lifestyles. Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 6 is up 1 over the past century, but some of the coldest, mos
27、t remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren“t pretty. Ice is 7 , rivers are running dry, and coasts are 8 , threatening communities. The 9 are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn“t be out of mind, because they are omens of what“s in store for the 10 of the planet. A. remote B
28、. techniques C. consisting D. rest E. willing F. climate G. skill H. appetite I. melting J. vanishing K. eroding L. temperature M. curiosity N. changes O. skillful（分数：20.00）四、Section B(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Silence is unnatural to man. He begins his life with a cry and 1 it in stillness. In the 2 he does a
29、ll he can to make a noise and there are few things of which he stands in more fear than the 3 of noise. Even his conversation is in great measure a desperate attempt to 4 a dreadful(糟透的，讨厌的) silence. If he is introduced to someone, and a number of 5 occur in the conversation he regards himself as a
30、failure and is full of 6 of the empties-headed chatterbox. He knows that 99% of human conversation means no more than the buzzing(嗡嗡声) of a fly, but he 7 to join in the buzz, and to 8 that he is a man and not a wax-work figure. The 9 of a conversation is usually not to communicate ideas, but to 10 u
31、p all the buzzing sound. 11 , most buzzing is agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable to the 12 . A man would be very 13 if he waited until he had a wise thought before taking part in the buzzing with others. Those who despise (鄙视，看不起) the weather as a conversational 14 seem to me to be 15
32、 of the reason why human beings wish to talk. 16 , very few human beings join in a conversation in which they are 17 allowed to go on making a noise into other people“s ears, though they have nothing to tell them 18 that they have seen two or three new plays or 19 they have had bad food in a Swiss h
33、otel. At the end of the evening during which they have said nothing meaningful 20 immense length they congratulate themselves on their success as talkers.（分数：40.00）A.endsB.finishesC.consumesD.renewsA.interpretationB.intervalC.processD.lifeA.disturbanceB.avoidanceC.presenceD.absenceA.causeB.makeC.pre
34、ventD.forbidA.interruptionsB.mistakesC.intervalsD.pausesA.envyB.hatredC.loveD.angerA.longsB.thinksC.dislikesD.agreesA.meanB.findC.sayD.proveA.meaningB.objectC.topicD.obligationA.getB.turnC.keepD.takeA.FortunatelyB.UnfortunatelyC.SurprisinglyD.TerriblyA.mentalityB.spiritC.mindD.beliefA.sensibleB.inse
35、nsitiveC.foolishD.wiseA.openingB.vacancyC.holeD.contentA.ignorantB.consciousC.awareD.regardlessA.ThereforeB.AccordinglyC.HoweverD.FurthermoreA.completelyB.totallyC.luckilyD.merelyA.exceptB.forC.inD.besidesA.whichB.howC.ifD.thatA.withB.atC.toD.toward五、Part Three Reading C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Passage One(
36、总题数：1，分数：10.00)All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and outline the future course of the universe with anything like certainty. There are still too many things we do not know about the way the univer
37、se is put together. But we do know exactly what information we need to fill in our knowledge and we have a pretty good idea of how to go about getting it. Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to imagine a train coming into a switchyard(调车场). All of the switches are set before th
38、e train arrives so that its path is completely determined. Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no ambiguity if we can see the setting of a switch. We can say with confidence that some possible futures will not materialize and others will. At the unseen switches, however, there is no
39、 such certainty. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one. The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future and what happens when we arrive at them determines the entire subsequent course of events. When we think about the future of the u
40、niverse, we can see our “track“ many billions of years into the future, but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. The goal of science is to reduce the ambiguity at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed.（分数：10.00）(1).According
41、 to the passage, it is difficult to be certain about the distant future of the universe because we _.（分数：2.00）A.have too many conflicting theoriesB.do not have enough funding to continue our researchC.are not sure how the universe is put togetherD.have focused our investigations on the moon and plan
42、ets(2).What does the author see as the function of the universe“s unseen “switches“?（分数：2.00）A.They tell us which one of the tracks the universe will use.B.They enable us to alter the course of the universe.C.They give us information about the lunar surface.D.They determine which course the universe
43、 will take in the future.(3).In the second paragraph, the word “track“ could best be replaced by which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.BandB.RailsC.PathD.Sequence(4).For whom is the author probably writing this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Train engineers.B.General audiences.C.Professors of statistics.D.Young chi
44、ldren.(5).Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.A statement illustrated by an analogy(类比).B.A hypothesis supported by documentation.C.A comparison of two contrasting theories.D.A critical analysis of a common assumption.七、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.
45、00)Dollars and cents are the basic units of American money. The back of all dollar bills are green (hence “greenbacks“). The commonly used coins are: one cent (penny), five cents (nickel), 10 cents (dime), and 25 cents (quarter). 50 pieces (half dollar) and silver dollars (not really silver anymore)
46、 are gaining in usage, while there has been talk of phasing out the penny that“s inflation for you. “Always carry plenty of quarters when travelling. Very useful for phones, soda machines, laundry machines, etc.“ There is generally no problem in using US dollars in Canada, but this is never possible
47、 in reverse. It“s useful always to carry small change for things like exact fare buses, but do not carry large sums of cash. Instead keep the bulk of your money in travellers“ cheques which can be purchased both in the US and abroad and should be in dollar denominations. The best known cheques are t
48、hose of American Express, so you will have the least difficulty cashing these, even in out of the way places. Thomas Cook travellers“ cheques are also acceptable, especially as lost ones can be reclaimed at some car rental companies. Dollar denomination cheques can be used like regular money. There“
49、s no need to cash them at a bank: use them instead to pay for meals, supermarket purchases or whatever. Ten or twenty dollar cheques are accepted like this almost always and you“ll be given change just as though you“d presented the cashier with dollar bills. Be prepared to show I. D. when you cash your cheques. Credit cards can be even more valuable than travellers“ cheques, as they are often used to guarantee room reservations over the phone and are accepted in lieu of deposit when renting a car
