1、翻译资格考试二级综合能力(口译)3 及答案解析(总分：7.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART 1 (20 points)(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).The wavelengths of light and radio waves, unlike high energy gamma radiation, are much shorter.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(2).The speaker believes that a practical solution to the problem of starvation is to remove obstacl
2、es to adequate supply of food rather than to increase production of it.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(3).According to the speaker, it is foolish and childish for a filmmaker to mix his preconceptions with objective truth when he produces a documentary.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(4).In Japanese party politics, th
3、e Liberal Democrats are more prone to stand by their principles than their conservative and nationalist counterparts.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(5).The author believes that, given the similarities between pig and human organs, future technology will allow pig livers to be transplanted to humans.（分数：0.10）
4、A.TrueB.False(6).Bioinformatics is a new computer software technology that makes research findings on genetic engineering publicly available to the public.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(7).Imports from Asian countries are more competitive than U.S. home-made products because of lower wages in Asia and the e
5、xemption of duties for imported goods shipped to the United States.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(8).States should respect international law even if some people are skeptical about its power to be enacted.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(9).The international community should seek other effective methods in establishi
6、ng economic global governance instead of relying on the WTO.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(10).Economists attribute the world soybean boom to the rise in soybean production in China and its increased export of related products.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False二、PART 2 (20 points)(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).Why have the America
7、ns developed space shuttle according to the passage?（分数：0.10）A.It is a first step to explore outer space.B.It is a follow-up action of the Apollo moon landings.C.It is a compromise to the exorbitant human expeditions to the Mars.D.It is a compensation for the wishful thinking of human landing on the
8、 Mars.(2).Which of the following statements best describes humor in China?（分数：0.10）A.It is more or less the same in all parts of the country.B.It is drastically different in every part of the country.C.It is distinguished from Hong Kong.D.It is more a verbal act than a physical act in the north.(3).
9、Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：0.10）A.The term “averted vision“ refers to the act of looking out of the corners of ones eyes.B.If you want to see very faint things, you should better look sideways rather than straight on.C.The receptors located in the eyes
10、 center are less sensitive to dim light.D.To “look“ is to see something straight ahead.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true of the euro?（分数：0.10）A.Sweden refuses to join the euro framework.B.Some big countries tailor the euros rules to their own benefits.C.Euro is not a reliable currenc
11、y in the world market.D.The euro zone is suffering from a sluggish economy.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true of the passage?（分数：0.10）A.It discusses fertility clinics.B.It defines stem cells.C.It mentions artificial fertilization.D.It identifies the origins of stem cells.(6).Which of
12、the following index represents small-company stocks?（分数：0.10）A.The Dow Jones Industrial.B.The Russell 2000.C.The Wilshire 5000.D.The S while the former learn otherwise inaccessible technology and produce sophisticated goods that compete with domestic American goods, even allowing for shipping charge
13、s and import duties.语义逻辑推理判断。根据原文可知，对于美国海外资本家来说使用外国劳力，尤其是亚洲国家的劳力费用非常低。而这些国家却从此得到先进技术，生产尖端产品。这些产品，即使在增加运费和进口税的水平上仍可与美国国内制造的产品竞争。由此可见海外美国人使用亚洲劳力制造的产品，即使有运费和进口税的压力，仍然可与美国本土制造的产品竞争。显然这与题干中所言进口美国的商品免除税费的说法不相符。因此，题干的说法是错误的。 注意：掌握短语含义。原文中“allowing for”意为“将计算在内”，而题干中“the exemption of”意为“免除”，二者含义正好相反。(8).Sta
14、tes should respect international law even if some people are skeptical about its power to be enacted.（分数：0.10）A.True B.False解析： It is significant that those who regard international law as a form of morality usually speak of it as “mere morality“. Although experienced diplomats do not often share th
15、e popular skepticism about international law, there is a danger that the popular attitude may affect inexperienced officials and pressure groups within a state, and that the state may, as a result, be pushed into breaking international law.因果关系的理解和推断。原文认为公众对国际法的怀疑态度会影响国内那些经验尚不丰富的官员和重要的集团，其结果便是，这种怀疑态
16、度会导致违反国际法。由此可推断，即使一些人对国际法持怀疑态度，国家要尊重该法，才能使国际法得以贯彻实施。显然，题干的含义符合对原文的推断，因此，该题的说法是正确的。 注意：注意识别表因果关系的信号词，以便正确理解因果关系。原文中使用了“as a result”。(9).The international community should seek other effective methods in establishing economic global governance instead of relying on the WTO.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False 解析： A
17、sking for a WTO focused on its trade mission is not to neglect the importance of the other problems the institution has been asked to deal with. But the balance that many countries expect to see in the economic global governance agenda should not be pursued solely at the WTO. The international commu
18、nity should create effective ad-hoc instruments to confront the other challenges.语义逻辑关系的理解和判断。原文最后部分指出国际共同体应该“create effective adhoc instruments to confront the other challenges”即“创造有效、特别的方法面对其他挑战”，而题干中却说国际共同体寻求有效的方法是为了“in establishing economic global governance”即“建立经济的全球管理方式”，显然题干所言的目的与原文不相符，因此，该题的
19、说法是错误的。 注意：掌握表示目的的信号词，有助于快速理解语义。原文中信号词为最后一句中动词不定式短语；而题目中为介词 in 短语。(10).Economists attribute the world soybean boom to the rise in soybean production in China and its increased export of related products.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False 解析： Economists say that the main spur to the global soybean boom is the em
20、ergence of a middle class in China, much of whose newly disposable income has been spent on a richer, more varied diet. Over the past decade, China has been transformed from a net exporter of soybeans to the worlds largest importer in some years of whole soybeans as well as oil and meal byproducts.因
21、果关系的理解和判断。根据原文，文中把全球大豆畅销的原因归结为“the emergence of a middle class in China”即“中国中产阶级的出现”，而题干中却将其原因归结为“the rise in soybean production in China and its increased export of related products”即“中国大豆产量的增加和相关产品出口的增加”，显然该说法与原文不符，因此，该题的说法是错误的。 注意：掌握表因果关系的信号词，可以帮助听者做出正确的判断。原文第一句使用系表结构，直截了当说明原因。题干使用了短语 attribute t
22、o(归因于)。二、PART 2 (20 points)(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).Why have the Americans developed space shuttle according to the passage?（分数：0.10）A.It is a first step to explore outer space.B.It is a follow-up action of the Apollo moon landings.C.It is a compromise to the exorbitant human expeditions to the Mars. D.It
23、 is a compensation for the wishful thinking of human landing on the Mars.解析：因果关系的判断。根据原文，人类梦想去火星探险，但是“confronted with the costpresidentshave flinched and resorted to halfway measures like the shuttle”即“面临经费问题，美国总统们畏缩了，不得不做出妥协，先发展航天飞机”。由此可见，发展航天飞机只是人类去火星探险梦想的妥协。只有选项 c 符合这种判断，因此该项的说法是正确的。 注意：掌握因果关系的表达
24、法，可快速理解原文。文中使用了过去分词短语 (confronted with)的形式来表示因果关系。(2).Which of the following statements best describes humor in China?（分数：0.10）A.It is more or less the same in all parts of the country.B.It is drastically different in every part of the country.C.It is distinguished from Hong Kong.D.It is more a verb
25、al act than a physical act in the north. 解析：比较结构的识别和理解。关于中国的幽默，原文将南方和北方作了比较，发现南方幽默“more slapstick and physical”即“更为打闹滑稽，强调形体动作”，而北方则“love clever wordplays”即“更喜欢口齿伶俐的文字游戏”。由此可见，只有选项 d 的说法与原文含义相符，因此，选项 d 的说法是正确的。 注意：1)掌握比较表达的结构，本文在平行结构中使用反义词，以提起读者注意；2)掌握近义词替换，原文中 wordplays 与选项中 verbal act (言辞)意思相近。(3)
26、.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：0.10）A.The term “averted vision“ refers to the act of looking out of the corners of ones eyes.B.If you want to see very faint things, you should better look sideways rather than straight on.C.The receptors located in the eye
27、s center are less sensitive to dim light. D.To “look“ is to see something straight ahead.解析：比较结构的识别和理解。同原文“they avoid using receptors in the eyes center，which are more sensitive to dim light”比较中看，显然选项 c 的说法正好与此相背，因此，选项 c 是正确答案。 注意：掌握所比较的对象之间的关系是该题解题的关键。(4).Which of the following statements is NOT tr
28、ue of the euro?（分数：0.10）A.Sweden refuses to join the euro framework.B.Some big countries tailor the euros rules to their own benefits.C.Euro is not a reliable currency in the world market. D.The euro zone is suffering from a sluggish economy.解析：事实细节的理解和判断。将各选项中关键词与原文对比，发现选项 a 的说法可与原文第一句“Swedens reje
29、ction of the European Unions common currency” 相对应；选项 b 的说法可与原文“big countries like France and Germany，who have bent the euros rules to suit themselves”相对应；选项 d 的说法可与原文“It distanced itself from the stagnant economic performance of the euro zone”相对应；只有选项 c 的说法在原文中找不到对应，因此该项的说法是错误的。 注意：掌握同义词的替换可快速解题。如原文
30、中 rejection 与选项中 refuse 同义；bent the rule to suit themselves 与 tailor the rule to their own benefit 同义，均指为自己利益而调整规则；sluggish 与 stagnant 同义，均指经济的不景气。(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true of the passage?（分数：0.10）A.It discusses fertility clinics. B.It defines stem cells.C.It mentions artific
31、ial fertilization.D.It identifies the origins of stem cells.解析：语义逻辑关系的识别。本题要求识别原文的逻辑结构。原文主要讨论的是 stem cells(干细胞)，如干细胞的定义、起源等，fertility clinics(人工受精)虽有提及，但不属于主要讨论的话题。因此选项 a 的说法符合题义，是正确答案。 注意：掌握主题及支持性细节是解题的关键。本文主题是干细胞，支持性细节是干细胞的定义(原文第一句)及起源(第二句至最后一句)。显然，选项 b、c 和 d 的说法均围绕这一框架。(6).Which of the following
32、index represents small-company stocks?（分数：0.10）A.The Dow Jones Industrial.B.The Russell 2000. C.The Wilshire 5000.D.The S others have marketed their drugs there, but few patients in those countries can afford them. The issue is especially difficult when it comes to drugs that do not save lives but c
33、an vastly improve the quality of life. Nobody knows for sure how many patients in other countries have had to forgo drugs that improved their lives when clinical trials ended, and companies do not give out patients names, to protect their privacy. But the issue is very much on the minds of company r
34、esearchers and executives. Ethicists say that they, too, are troubled but that their field has reached no consensus on what companies should do. “Do we have an obligation to everyone in the trial or to everyone in the community, the province, the nation, the region of the world?“ asked Dr. Ruth Fade
35、n, the director of the Phoebe R. Berman Bioethics Institute at Johns Hopkins University. “We havent really figured this out.“ Yet, Dr. Faden said, “many physician investigators feel uncomfortable with the idea of using patients in studies and then not being able to continue to help them when the tri
36、al ends.“ Companies must make business decisions about where to market their drugs, figuring out whether they can earn enough money to justify applying for approval, setting up business offices and hiring a sales force. If they decide not to market a drug in a given country, they are unlikely to pro
37、vide it to patients there free of charge. To provide a drug for what medical professionals call compassionate use, companies must set up a distribution system, train doctors to administer the drugs, monitor patients for adverse effects and track the results. Whether to undertake a compassionate-use
38、program for drugs that improve the quality of life but do not prolong it poses “a delicate question“, said Tony Plohoros, a spokesman for Merck, a company that has systems to distribute lifesaving drugs in poor countries where there is a need. The issue is especially difficult for small companies th
39、at as yet have no products on the market. A small company cannot afford to set up a marketing system in countries where few can buy the drug, or a distribution system to give its drugs away. In the United States, patients who participate in clinical trials often continue to receive the drug being te
40、sted until it is approved. After that, they can buy it or, if they cannot afford it, apply to special programs that most companies offer to help people who could not otherwise get drugs they need. But with the exception of AIDS drugs, which companies provide free or at low cost to patients in poor c
41、ountries, there is no industry consensus about what to do internationally, especially when drugs are not lifesaving. And even when companies market their drugs in poor countries, they tend not to set up a system to give the drugs away to study subjects after a clinical trial ends. Ethicists acknowle
42、dge that companies are businesses and accountable to investors. But on the other hand, Dr. Gostin said, there is something troubling about “parachute research“, in which a company drops into a country, conducts its research and then leaves. “It raises the question of what ethical obligation, if any,
43、 there might be to give back and make sure there is access to the drug after the trials are over,“ Dr. Gostin said. The participants in a study take a risk to help a company determine if its drug is safe and effective, he said, and “it seems to me that there is an ethical obligation to give back.“)解
44、析： 本题要求就所听材料写综述，那么在听的过程中理清文章主要结构是必要的。具体操作手段是先根据所听的内容判断全文的重心所在，以确定框架性内容，即高分词汇部分，此外，综述中还应根据情况补充与框架结构相关的支持性细节，即细节词汇部分，使综述得以详尽。 本文主要讨论美国药品公司对其国外的药物试用者的态度和措施。文章认为随着美国公司在国外药物试验的增加，他们越来越意识到对药物试用者的责任。虽然相关行业对此问题还没有统一的做法，但是文章认为各大公司应在做出商业决定前，考虑自己是否承担得起由此决定所产生的各项开支，如对药物试验者周全的各项措施。总之，虽然国际社会对该问题还没有定论，但有关人士认为药品公司在
45、对投资者负责的同时，也应对药品试验者们负责。由此可见，本综述的高分词汇部分应勾勒全文的脉络走向，提炼各部分的主要内容，即表现出本文的各个重要观点；而细节词汇部分则以具体的重点信息支持这些观点，使综述内容详尽。 一、高分词汇 1As companies increasingly test new drugs in other countries，they are struggling to decide what they owe the patients who served as test subject分析该句为全文首句，提出全文所要讨论的问题，因此是框架性内容。要点表达1)struggl
46、e to努力去做某事 2)owe 欠 3)test subject 受试者 2Ethicists are troubled too，but they have reached no consensus on what companies should do分析该句表达了有关中心问题的重要观点，并以此作为讨论的基点，因此是框架性内容。要点表达reach consensus on对达成一致意见 3Companies must make business decisions and figure out whether they can earn enough money to justify th
47、ose decisions分析该句是有关中心议题的重要举措，因此是框架性内容。要点表达1)make decision 做出决定 2)figure out 理解，明白 3)justify 证明是正确的 4Ethicists acknowledge that companies are businesses and accountable to investors分析该句是有关中心议题的总结的一部分，因此是框架性内容。要点表达1)acknowledge 承认 2)be accountable to对负责 5But on the other hand，there is an ethical obli
48、gation to give back分析该句是有关中心议题的总结的另一部分，因此是框架性内容。要点表达1)on the other hand 另一方面 2)ethical obligation 道德责任 3)give back 归还 二、细节词汇 1The issue is especially difficult when it comes to drugs that do not save lives but can vastly improve the quality of life分析该句是对中心议题的深化，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。要点表达1)when it comes to当涉
49、及到2)improve the quality of life 改善生活质量 2To provide a drug for compassionate use is costly and poses“a delicate question”分析该句是有关中心议题重要观点的进一步阐释，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。要点表达1)compassionate 具有同情心的 2)pose 摆出，提出 3)delicate question 微妙复杂的问题 3The issue is especially difficult for small companies because they simply cant afford it分析该句是有关中心议题重要观点的进一步阐释，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。要点表达1)issue 重要议题；争论 2)afford 负担得起 4In the U.S., patients who participate in clinical trials can often get drugs they need after the test分析该句以典型事例对中心议题重要观
