1、翻译资格考试二级综合能力(口译)2 及答案解析(总分：7.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、PART 1 (20 points)(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).John Ciardi got his masters degree from the University of Michigan in 1939 and has published more than 40 poems.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(2).In the future, people may not use chemicals to propel spacecraft.（分数：0.10）A.Tru
2、eB.False(3).The speaker felt embarrassed to speak in class.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(4).The vapor problem was mainly caused by the chemical containments from the groundwater out of the company.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(5).Schools in Maryland used to raise fund for construction and renovation by selling bo
3、nds.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(6).The company began by offering computer software solutions to local businesses in the greater Seattle metropolitan area.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(7).The airport is able to handle 25 million passengers and 1.2 million tons of cargo a year.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(8).According
4、to the U.S. scientists, the bacteria giving the soft orange glow prevents the seawater from nourishing the coral.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(9).Instead of sending patients a letter as a reminder, now most UK hospitals use short messages to remind the patients of appointments.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False(10).El
5、ite athletes are likely to get more respiratory infections than ordinary people.（分数：0.10）A.TrueB.False二、PART 2 (20 points)(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).Why have the Americans developed space shuttle according to the passage?（分数：0.10）A.It is a first step to explore outer space.B.It is a follow-up action of the
6、Apollo moon landings.C.It is a compromise to the exorbitant human expeditions to the Mars.D.It is a compensation for the wishful thinking of human landing on the Mars.(2).Which of the following statements best describes humor in China?（分数：0.10）A.It is more or less the same in all parts of the countr
7、y.B.It is drastically different in every part of the country.C.It is distinguished from Hong Kong.D.It is more a verbal act than a physical act in the north.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：0.10）A.The term “averted vision“ refers to the act of looking ou
8、t of the corners of ones eyes.B.If you want to see very faint things, you should better look sideways rather than straight on.C.The receptors located in the eyes center are less sensitive to dim light.D.To “look“ is to see something straight ahead.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true of
9、 the euro?（分数：0.10）A.Sweden refuses to join the euro framework.B.Some big countries tailor the euros rules to their own benefits.C.Euro is not a reliable currency in the world market.D.The euro zone is suffering from a sluggish economy.(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true of the passage
10、?（分数：0.10）A.It discusses fertility clinics.B.It defines stem cells.C.It mentions artificial fertilization.D.It identifies the origins of stem cells.(6).Which of the following index represents small-company stocks?（分数：0.10）A.The Dow Jones Industrial.B.The Russell 2000.C.The Wilshire 5000.D.The S othe
11、rs have marketed their drugs there, but few patients in those countries can afford them. The issue is especially difficult when it comes to drugs that do not save lives but can vastly improve the quality of life. Nobody knows for sure how many patients in other countries have had to forgo drugs that
12、 improved their lives when clinical trials ended, and companies do not give out patients names, to protect their privacy. But the issue is very much on the minds of company researchers and executives. Ethicists say that they, too, are troubled but that their field has reached no consensus on what co
13、mpanies should do. “Do we have an obligation to everyone in the trial or to everyone in the community, the province, the nation, the region of the world?“ asked Dr. Ruth Faden, the director of the Phoebe R. Berman Bioethics Institute at Johns Hopkins University. “We havent really figured this out.“
14、Yet, Dr. Faden said, “many physician investigators feel uncomfortable with the idea of using patients in studies and then not being able to continue to help them when the trial ends.“ Companies must make business decisions about where to market their drugs, figuring out whether they can earn enough
15、money to justify applying for approval, setting up business offices and hiring a sales force. If they decide not to market a drug in a given country, they are unlikely to provide it to patients there free of charge. To provide a drug for what medical professionals call compassionate use, companies m
16、ust set up a distribution system, train doctors to administer the drugs, monitor patients for adverse effects and track the results. Whether to undertake a compassionate-use program for drugs that improve the quality of life but do not prolong it poses “a delicate question“, said Tony Plohoros, a sp
17、okesman for Merck, a company that has systems to distribute lifesaving drugs in poor countries where there is a need. The issue is especially difficult for small companies that as yet have no products on the market. A small company cannot afford to set up a marketing system in countries where few ca
18、n buy the drug, or a distribution system to give its drugs away. In the United States, patients who participate in clinical trials often continue to receive the drug being tested until it is approved. After that, they can buy it or, if they cannot afford it, apply to special programs that most compa
19、nies offer to help people who could not otherwise get drugs they need. But with the exception of AIDS drugs, which companies provide free or at low cost to patients in poor countries, there is no industry consensus about what to do internationally, especially when drugs are not lifesaving. And even
20、when companies market their drugs in poor countries, they tend not to set up a system to give the drugs away to study subjects after a clinical trial ends. Ethicists acknowledge that companies are businesses and accountable to investors. But on the other hand, Dr. Gostin said, there is something tro
21、ubling about “parachute research“, in which a company drops into a country, conducts its research and then leaves. “It raises the question of what ethical obligation, if any, there might be to give back and make sure there is access to the drug after the trials are over,“ Dr. Gostin said. The partic
22、ipants in a study take a risk to help a company determine if its drug is safe and effective, he said, and “it seems to me that there is an ethical obligation to give back.“)解析： 本题要求就所听材料写综述，那么在听的过程中理清文章主要结构是必要的。具体操作手段是先根据所听的内容判断全文的重心所在，以确定框架性内容，即高分词汇部分，此外，综述中还应根据情况补充与框架结构相关的支持性细节，即细节词汇部分，使综述得以详尽。 本文
23、主要讨论美国药品公司对其国外的药物试用者的态度和措施。文章认为随着美国公司在国外药物试验的增加，他们越来越意识到对药物试用者的责任。虽然相关行业对此问题还没有统一的做法，但是文章认为各大公司应在做出商业决定前，考虑自己是否承担得起由此决定所产生的各项开支，如对药物试验者周全的各项措施。总之，虽然国际社会对该问题还没有定论，但有关人士认为药品公司在对投资者负责的同时，也应对药品试验者们负责。由此可见，本综述的高分词汇部分应勾勒全文的脉络走向，提炼各部分的主要内容，即表现出本文的各个重要观点；而细节词汇部分则以具体的重点信息支持这些观点，使综述内容详尽。 一、高分词汇 1As companies
24、increasingly test new drugs in other countries，they are struggling to decide what they owe the patients who served as test subject分析该句为全文首句，提出全文所要讨论的问题，因此是框架性内容。要点表达1)struggle to努力去做某事 2)owe 欠 3)test subject 受试者 2Ethicists are troubled too，but they have reached no consensus on what companies should
25、do分析该句表达了有关中心问题的重要观点，并以此作为讨论的基点，因此是框架性内容。要点表达reach consensus on对达成一致意见 3Companies must make business decisions and figure out whether they can earn enough money to justify those decisions分析该句是有关中心议题的重要举措，因此是框架性内容。要点表达1)make decision 做出决定 2)figure out 理解，明白 3)justify 证明是正确的 4Ethicists acknowledge tha
26、t companies are businesses and accountable to investors分析该句是有关中心议题的总结的一部分，因此是框架性内容。要点表达1)acknowledge 承认 2)be accountable to对负责 5But on the other hand，there is an ethical obligation to give back分析该句是有关中心议题的总结的另一部分，因此是框架性内容。要点表达1)on the other hand 另一方面 2)ethical obligation 道德责任 3)give back 归还 二、细节词汇 1
27、The issue is especially difficult when it comes to drugs that do not save lives but can vastly improve the quality of life分析该句是对中心议题的深化，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。要点表达1)when it comes to当涉及到2)improve the quality of life 改善生活质量 2To provide a drug for compassionate use is costly and poses“a delicate question”分析该句是有
28、关中心议题重要观点的进一步阐释，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。要点表达1)compassionate 具有同情心的 2)pose 摆出，提出 3)delicate question 微妙复杂的问题 3The issue is especially difficult for small companies because they simply cant afford it分析该句是有关中心议题重要观点的进一步阐释，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。要点表达1)issue 重要议题；争论 2)afford 负担得起 4In the U.S., patients who participate in c
29、linical trials can often get drugs they need after the test分析该句以典型事例对中心议题重要观点做进一步阐释，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。要点表达1)participate in 参与 2)clinical trial 医学试验 5But there is no industry consensus about what to do internationally，especially when drugs are not lifesaving分析该句是有关中心议题的具体化，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。要点表达1)There is no结构 2)industry consensus 行业统一规定
