1、翻译资格考试二级实务(口译)2 及答案解析(总分:2.00,做题时间:120 分钟)一、PART 1 English-Chin(总题数:2,分数:1.00)_二、PART 2 Chinese-Engl(总题数:2,分数:1.00)_翻译资格考试二级实务(口译)2 答案解析(总分:2.00,做题时间:120 分钟)一、PART 1 English-Chin(总题数:2,分数:1.00)_正确答案:( 中国经济一度靠国家投资重工业来维持增长,而目前零售业已日趋成为经济的增长点。1978年开始的市场经济改革使私人经济不断扩大,而其中很大部分都集中在零售业。随着改革使消费者的收入日益提高,国家加速了零
2、售业的发展。服务产业的形成使顾客有时也有了当“上帝”的感觉。 改革前,逛街购物通常意味着对意志的考验,国营商场里那些昏昏欲睡的售货员们卖东西的积极性不高。货物的质量往往不够好,商品的摆放也是漫不经心。缺货断货是常有的事,大米、布匹、食用油都要凭票购买。那样的日子早已一去不复返了。 广义上的零售消费额估计超过 4500亿美元,并以每年 10的速度递增。加上所有商品 17的增值税,零售业已成为国家财政收入的主要来源之一。自 1978年以来,私营经济大规模进入零售业。国有企业为了降低成本和赢利被迫大批裁减职工。许多下岗职工进入零售业,不少人经营小卖铺、便利店、服装店、酒吧、餐馆,甚至美容店和干洗店。
3、 国外投资商也大举进入零售市场。自1992年以来,他们在中国的投资已超过 30亿美元。以家乐福和沃尔玛为首,约 300家外资零售商获准在中国设立 2200家连锁店。随着中国的入世,这一发展速度肯定还要加快。虽然外商在零售总额中只占24,但他们对市场却产生了深远的影响。外商的存在促使国内零售企业在竞争中不断扩大规模,增强对顾客的吸引力。新来者为市场带来了大量的商品,原来仅为精英人士和外国富人准备的外国名牌商品,现在也瞄准了中国本地的消费者。)解析: 本文主要讨论中国零售业发展的情况。文章将中国市场经济改革前的情况和改革后的情况作了比较,说明中国零售业的迅速发展。文章认为国外投资商大举进入中国零售
4、市场和中国加入世贸组织会对中国零售市场产生深远影响。文章使用了大量的数字统计,以使观点更具有说服力。 本文要求考查应试者对中国零售业方面基本知识的掌握情况,包括某些专门用语、具有中国特色的表达、数字单位的换算、专有名词等的掌握情况,以确定其翻译的基本素质;在此基础上,应试者还要在相当短的时间内对长难句理解并准确完整地翻译;对某些短语和单词确切理解其含义并能理解其在上下文语境中的确切用法,使全文的翻译不仅准确完整,而且符合本族语的语言习惯。 【基本素质采分点】 以下单词或短语是本文的基础知识点,包括具有中国特色的表达法、专有名词、经济术语、数字单位的换算等,需要应试者正确理解并翻译。 1mark
5、et-oriented reform 市场经济改革 2state-owned 国有的 3ration coupon 配额票据(这里指中国经济改革前实行凭票供应的各种票据) 4US$450 billion 4500 亿美元 5value added tax 增值税 6lay off 下岗 7Carrefour 家乐福(国外著名大超市连锁店名) 8Wal-Mart 沃尔玛(国外著名大超市连锁店名) 9WTO 世界贸易组织 【结构理解采分点】 以下各句是本文出现的长难句,需要应试者在很短时间内,判断其结构、大意并组织翻译语言,且保证信息的完整和准确。这要求在听时,应试者要注意长句的基本结构,而后补充
6、次要结构的内容。但组织语言时,因原句信息过于庞杂,这就要求应试者不仅能用符合本族语言习惯的方式表述信息,而且要保证信息在表述过程中不会缺失或误译。 1 Chinas economy,once reliant On state spending in heavy industry,has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth该句是简单句,其主要结构是 Chinas economyhas looked to the retail sector for growth,而 once后面的 reliant on形容词短语是对 Chinas
7、 economy的修饰和补充。翻译时,可按照汉语句短的特点,将全句拆成两个句子,又因是口译,可按原句的天然顺序组合信息。因此,原句可译为“中国经济一度靠国家投资重工业来维持增长,而目前零售业已日趋成为经济的增长点。” 2 With a value added tax of 17 applied to all goods,the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue该句是简单句,其主要结构是 the retail trade is a major contributor,该句前 with表伴随状态的结构中还有 applied过去
8、分词短语修饰 a value added tax,翻译时要将这个过去分词短语译为前置定语。该句主要结构中 contributor to是动词词组contribute to(对做出贡献)的变化形式,在口译时可根据上下文情景灵活翻译,因此,原句可译为“加上所有商品 17的增值税,零售业已成为国家财政收入的主要来源之一。” 3That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector,with a high percentage operating privately-run corner shops,convenience stores
9、,clothing shops,bars and restaurants,and even beauty parlors and dry cleaners该句虽然很长,但是简单句,主要结构是 with短语之前的部分,with 短语部分是现在分词独立主格结构做全句的状语,该部分信息量大,以并列结构形式出现,口译时,需要注意不要漏译。由于 with短语部分内容庞杂,可将其加主语,译为一句话,因此,原句可译为“许多下岗职工进入零售业,不少人经营小卖铺、便利店、服装店、酒吧、餐馆,甚至美容店和干洗店。” 4Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart,so
10、me 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate following Chinas entry into the WTO该句是 and连接的并列句,包含信息量大。全句主要结构是 someretailershave been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate。该句句首 headed by过去分词短语和句尾following现在分词短语均为句中状语成分,以使该句的信
11、息量丰满。全句可按照自然语法单位和自然顺序,拆成三个分句,因此,原句可译为“以家乐福和沃尔玛为首,约 300家外资零售商获准在中国设立2200家连锁店。随着中国的入世,这一发展速度肯定还要加快。” 5 While foreign-invested stores still account for only 2-4of all retail sales,their impact has been profound该句是复合句,while 表“虽然”引导让步状语从句。该句的翻译要点是正确理解 while的含义。因此,原句可译为“虽然外商在零售总额中只占 24,但他们对市场却产生了深远的影响。” 【
12、言语表达采分点】在注意了整体表达的基础上,应试者还应该正确处理对某些重要短语或单词的理解和翻译,以使译文完整通畅。 1take hold 主管 2incentive 刺激,动力 3in excess of 超过 4state revenue 国家财政收入 5embrace 拥抱;采取;包含(该词必须在上下文情景中翻译) 6trim cost 降低成本 7in force 大量地,大批地 8account for 占 9an array of 一系列的 10elite 精英人士_正确答案:(主席先生,各位使节,女士们,先生们: 首先我要再次感谢挪威诺贝尔奖委员会决定颁奖给联合国维持和平行动。他们
13、的决定受到了全世界的欢迎。我还要借此机会向那些为维和行动派遣部队或提供后勤支援的国家表示深切的谢意。我们要把这种成功遏止冲突的伟大实验归功于他们的自愿合作。 和平,这个词唤起了对人性最朴素、最珍爱的梦想。和平现在是,而且始终是人类最热切的渴望。然而我们的历史却表明,当我们喋喋不休地谈论和平时,我们的行动却在讲述着完全不同的故事。和平在任何语言中都是一个很上口的词。作为联合国秘书长,我从不同的语言中和不同的地方经常听到它,以至于有时在我看来,这个词多多少少变成了没有真实意义的口头禅。 我们所说的和平到底意味着什么?依人性本来的样子,和平必定只是一种相对状态。生命的本质是斗争和竞争。在某种程度上,
14、纯粹的和平几乎是毫无意义的抽象。斗争和竞争是激动人心的,但如果它发展成为冲突,常会具有毁灭性和扰乱性。建立联合国这类政治机构的目的就是要划定斗争和冲突的界线,使各国能站在正确的一边。维和行动就是达到这样目标的实际手段。 我们在联合国正努力建立的是这样一个世界:在那里,各国都认识到战争最终于事无补,同时世界各地的男男女女为确保人类的美好未来共同承担了集体责任。所有人类经验都表明,在国际事务中,正如在国内事务中,任何想在理性状态下生存的社会都会把法治作为至关重要的目标。我们现在认识到,在技术和其他革命性变革的推动下,整个人类,这个星球上的全部人口,已组成了一个单一的社会。国际法和国际权威的演变或许
15、决定着这个全球社会能否在理性状态下生存。 从广泛的角度看,我们必须为这样的时刻而工作:到那时,战争将不再是一种可接受的国策选择或解决争端的可行手段;到那时,一个可靠的国际体系将会取而代之。由此看来,国际维和事业的发展占有至关重要的地位,正如民事警察对民族国家内部的法治建设占有至关重要的地位一样。我希望对维和事业给予的关注其标志是此次诺贝尔奖的颁发不仅能增强我们处理国际事务的能力,还将激发更加广泛的努力来思考:我们应采取什么样的新手段和建立什么样的新机构来创建我们更美好的未来。)解析: 本文是关于世界和平的演讲。文章深入探讨了世界和平问题,描述了未来工作的方向。本文要求应试者具有一定国际政治方面
16、的专门知识,掌握某些国际机构的名称,这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容,在较为短暂的时间内,应试者还需对复杂的长难句做出判断,使翻译不仅信息完整正确,还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上,应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语做出判断,使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 【基本素质采分点】 1excellency 使节 2Norwegian Nobel Committee 挪威诺贝尔奖委员会 3the United Nations PeaceKeeping Operation 联合国维持和平行动 4SecretaryGeneral (联合国)秘书长 5Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔
17、和平奖 【结构理解采分点】 1Human nature being what it is,peace must inevitably be a relative condition原句使用了分词独立主格结构,其中又含有 What引导的表语从句,译文依照独立主格特点,将其仍按状语处理,但把表语从句译为前置定语。因此,原句可译为“依人性本来的样子,和平必定只是一种相对状态。” 2The aim of political institutions like the UN is to draw the line between struggle and conflict and to make it
18、possible for nations to stay on the right side of the line该句译文符合中文句子将修饰性成分前置的特点,且将原句拆分成相对简短的两个句子。因此,原句可译为“建立联合国这类政治机构的目的就是要:划定斗争和冲突的界线,使各国能站在正确的一边。维和行动就是达到这样目标的实际手段。” 3 All human experience seems to show that in international,as in national,affairs,rule of law is an essential objective for any socie
19、ty wishing to survive in reasonable conditions该句要求正确判断原文 that从句中的主语是 rule of law。该从句前半部分停顿较多,导致翻译时容易错误判断主语,因此有误译的可能。原句可译为“所有人类经验都表明,在国际事务中,正如在国内事务中,任何想在理性状态下生存的社会都会把法治作为至关重要的目标。” 4 In a larger perspectivewe must work towards a time when war will cease to be an acceptable option of national policy or
20、 a possible means of settling disputes,and when a reliable international system will take its place该句中含有 when引导的定语从句,修饰其前的a time,翻译时可将主句和从句拆分为两句话,这样更符合汉语语言习惯。因此,原句可译为“从广泛的角度看,我们必须为这样的时刻而工作:到那时,战争将不再是一种可接受的国策选择或解决争端的可行手段;到那时,一个可靠的国际体系将会取而代之。” 5 I hope that the attention now being given to peacekeepin
21、g,which is symbolized by the award of the Nobel Peace Prize,will not only strengthen our capacity to conduct the affairs of nations but also stimulate a wider effort to consider the new means and the new institutions needed to ensure a better common futureThank you该句是复合句,宾语部分是 that从句,其内容是全句的重点翻译所在。该
22、部分主要结构是 the attention.will not only strengthen.but also stimulate.,只有把握住主要结构,才能正确理解各信息之间的关系。原句可译为“我希望对维和事业给予的关注其标志是此次诺贝尔奖的颁发不仅能增强我们处理国际事务的能力,还将激发更加广泛的努力来思考:我们应采取什么样的新手段和建立什么样的新机构来创建我们更美好的未来。” 【言语表达采分点】 1acclaim 欢迎 2take the opportunity to 利用这个机会 3provide logistical support 提供后勤支援 4evoke 刺激,激励 5ultim
23、ate human aspiration 人类最热切的渴望 6tell a very different story 却远不是这么回事 7incantation 符咒;口头禅 8to the extent 到程度 9degenerate into 下降,堕落到地步 10ultimate futility 最终于事无补二、PART 2 Chinese-Engl(总题数:2,分数:1.00)_正确答案:( When we describe someone as smart, we mean to say that he is intelligent, has a powerful memory a
24、nd can quickly understand things. It is good to be smart, as it is an asset that we can put to good use, such as achieving progress, acquiring knowledge, serving the country and the people, and making life better for ourselves and others as well. We have to admit that people are different from one a
25、nother, and some are really smart. Zhou Enlai, for example, was a smart person. When he was still very young, one of his peers said that Zhou was every inch a genius. But, what made him a man of many great achievements? He became such a man with his hard work, strenuous efforts, complete devotion an
26、d dedication to the last breath, and his boundless love and loyalty to the country, the Party and the people he served. Given Chinas vast expanse and huge population, there must be persons who are smarter than Zhou Enlai. Yet how many of them have left a profound memory in peoples hearts and minds a
27、s Zhou Enlai? It would be best if a smart person could complement his smartness with hard work, which is the surest path to success. But those who can do this often do not regard themselves as smart. On the contrary, they feel that they are not nearly as smart and still need to work really hard. New
28、 inventions have invariably come out of the strenuous research of the smart people who summarized their experience, tried repeatedly and thought deeply. And none of them has grown naturally and effortlessly out of pure smartness. Without hard work, even a smart person cannot accomplish anything. Not
29、 trying to work hard is in itself not a smart thing to do. Success lies, first and foremost, in hard work, not smartness. After all, where does smartness come from? One cannot deny the hereditary element. But if a smart boy should be denied of schooling, and all the training that he would have as he
30、 grows up, I am afraid his smartness would not last long. In most circumstances, however, a persons smartness is acquired through his hard work.)解析: 本文讨论什么是真正的聪明,文章从聪明的优势谈起,以举例和对比的方法深化主题,最后文章的落脚点是本文最后一句话,即人的聪明是经过后天的努力培育出来的。 本文是一篇议论文,谈论的主题也是较为普通常见的,因此不涉及专门术语,只需有普通常识即可,但本文要求考查应试者在短时间内使用恰当英文结构和地道英文词汇的能
31、力。总之,此文的翻译将显示口译者的英文功底。 【基本素质采分点】 1聪明 smartness 2获取知识 acquire knowledge 3总结实践经验 summarize our experience 4遗传的因素 hereditary element 【结构理解采分点】 1 聪明的人,智力发达、记忆和理解能力也强。原文的表达非常简练。英文翻译在注意保持这一特点的同时,还应补充适当的主语,以使英文句义完整,符合逻辑。因此,原文可译为“When we describe someone as smart,we mean to say that he is intelligent,has a
32、powerful memory and can quickly understand things” 2 聪明是好事,是财富,应好好利用,用于进步,用于获取知识,用于为祖国为人民做好事,为大家也为自己好。原文表达简练,但各部分结构松散。在翻译时,应尽量找出其逻辑关系,确定哪部分可用作英文句的主干部分,哪些部分是从属成分,使用什么引导词来表现其逻辑关系,此外,还应考虑采用固定句型,如“It is good to”,以使译文更为地道。因此,原句可译为“It is good to be smart,as it is an asset that we can put to good use,such
33、as achieving progress,acquiring knowledge,serving the country and the people,and making life better for ourselves and others as well” 3 中国之大,人口之多,相信比周恩来聪明的人大有人在,但有几个能像周恩来那样永远留在人民心中呢?该句信息量大,翻译该句时需确定各部分之间内在的逻辑关系,考虑采用固定句型,如“given”的使用,使译文精彩地道。因此,原句可译为“Given Chinas vast expanse and huge population,there
34、must be persons who are smarter than Zhou EnlaiYet how many of them have left a profound memory in peoples hearts and minds as Zhou Enlai?” 4 新的发明创造无不是聪明人总结实践经验,进行反复验证,经过苦思冥想,刻苦钻研出来的,而不是不费气力地依赖聪明自然而然地长出来的。该句仍考查译者如何理解句中逻辑关系,定出主次结构;此外,译者还要考虑“无不是”采用什么地道的英文表达。因此,原句可译为“New inventions have invariably come
35、 out of the strenuous research of the smart people who summarized their experience,tried repeatedly and thought deeplyAnd none of them has grown naturally and effortlessly out of pure smartness” 5 由此可见,成功秘诀的首要一点还是努力而不是聪明。该句内容比较简单,要求译者尽量翻译的地道。根据句子主干部分“首要一点”可意译为符合英文表达习惯的“liein”,其它部分的翻译就此结构而定。因此,原句可译为“
36、Success lies,first and foremost,in hard work,not smartness” 【言语表达采分点】 1同龄人 peer 2浑身都是聪明 every inch a genius 3刻苦 strenuous effort 4呕心沥血,鞠躬尽瘁 complete devotion and dedication to the last breath 5无限忠诚 boundless love and loyalty 6聪明还很不够 be not nearly as smart 7再说 after all 8一事无成 cannot accomplish anythi
37、ng 9就绝大多数情况来说 in most circumstances 10经过后天的努力培育出来 be acquired through ones hard work_正确答案:( Under the new situation after the end of Cold War, both China and the United States faced an important question: Should they continue to pursue healthy relations with each other, and how? The passage of the P
38、ermanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) shows that inside the United States, forces that advocate stronger ties with China have gained the upper hand and the mainstream in the U.S. government, Congress and business communities, as well as the general public, support a constructive approach to China.
39、Secondly, China-U.S. relations have become more multidimensional. Economy and trade constitute a component of the entire relationship. China and the U.S. are important trading partners, and the U.S. was Chinas major source of investment. Without stable and sound commercial cooperation, China-U.S. po
40、litical relations would become rather hollow for lack of driving force and would lose public interest to participate. So a good commercial cooperation could complement political relations and, in particular, it could make the impact less unbearable should political relations run into troubles. Third
41、ly, PNTR has enhanced the mutual trust and cooperation between the two countries. The U.S. gives PNTR treatment to practically every country in the world, but has kept China off that list for many years. This in itself is discrimination and a sign of distrust. If not corrected, the Chinese people wo
42、uld find it hard to understand the necessity of closer China-U.S. relations and would question U.S. sincerity for cooperation. Without the support and participation of the people, state-to-state relations could not get anywhere. With greater flow of goods and people and with the introduction of inve
43、stment and managerial know-how once PNTR is put in place, there will undoubtedly be greater understandings and fewer misunderstandings between the two countries. Fourthly, sending out a positive signal to Chinas neighbors in the Asian-Pacific region. China is an Asian-Pacific country. And the U.S. c
44、laims to be one with a great deal of influence in the region. If China and the U.S. stay friendly, other countries in the region will benefit. If not, they will suffer. With PNTR, the two countries show to their neighbors in the region that they are willing to live together in friendship and had the
45、 will and capacity to resolve differences through negotiations. This will have a far-reaching impact on the stability and prosperity of the entire region.)解析: 本文是关于中美贸易关系的讲话,主要讨论了中美双边贸易正常化的意义和有待解决的问题。本文要求应试者掌握国际政治和经贸方面的基本常识,这些知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容,在较为短暂的时间内,应试者还需对复杂的长难句做出判断,使翻译不仅信息完整正确,还要基本符合英语习惯。在此基础上,应
46、试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语做出判断,使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 【基本素质采分点】 1冷战 Cold War。 2永久正常贸易关系 the Permanent Normal Trade Relations(PNTR) 3国会 Congress 4亚太地区 Asian-Pacific region 【结构理解采分点】 1 “永久正常贸易关系”的通过表明,在美国,支持发展中美关系的力量占了上风,美国政府、国会、工商企业界和公众的主流都支持以建设性的态度与中国打交道。该句句式与英文相仿,所以可按自然顺序翻译,但要注意“支持发展中美关系的力量”的译法,该短语中定语过长,可考虑用从句
47、形式翻译。而“占了上风”可考虑使用固定短语表达,在中译英时,一定要注意尽量使用固定的句型或短语,这样不仅节省时间,还使译文显得地道。因此,原句可译为“The passage of the Permanent Normal Trade Relations(PNTR)shows that inside the United States,forces that advocate stronger ties with China have gained the upper hand and the mainstream in the U.S. government, Congress and business communities,as well as the general public,sup