1、翻译三级口译综合能力-40 及答案解析(总分：44.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1).Long, long ago, people didn“t know what the Milky Way was, so they explained it _.（分数：2.00）A.as we do todayB.as they imaginedC.as they studiedD.as the Bible says(2).In early Christian times, people
2、 thought the Milky Way to be an opening in the sky for _.（分数：2.00）A.the servants of God to enter heavenB.the people on earth to have a look at the magnificent sight in itC.people on other stars to take a look at the beauty of itD.the Christian to go up to heaven(3).What does the galaxy look like?（分数
3、：2.00）A.If you were above it and look down on it, it would look like a flat and round watch.B.If you looked at it from its edge, it would look like the Milky Way.C.If you looked at it from its inside, it would look like a large watch.D.If you looked up, it would look like a night sky.(4).For light _
4、, it takes about 27,000 years.（分数：2.00）A.from the earth to reach the sunB.from the sun to reach the earthC.from the middle point of the galaxy to reach the sunD.from the moon to reach the middle point of the galaxy(5).The galaxy turns _like a wheel.（分数：2.00）A.round the sunB.from our positionC.from t
5、he middle pointD.round the middle point三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：4.00)（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, how many universities in the United States took part in the study?（分数：0.80）A.Four.B.Three.C.Five.D.Six.(2).Why does a lack of sleep cause people to gain weight?（分数：0.80）A.Because people burn fewer
6、 calories when they are awake.B.Because people feel hungry when they lack sleep.C.Because their hormones stay unchanged.D.Because people don“t exercise when they don“t have enough sleep.(3).According to the passage, what is NOT true about the first study?（分数：0.80）A.More than 1,000 people took part i
7、n the study.B.People who slept less had higher blood levels of ghrelin.C.People who slept more had higher blood levels of leptin.D.The amount of exercise can influence the result of the study.(4).What is the best amount of sleep for weight control?（分数：0.80）A.8 hours a night.B.7.7 hours a night.C.7 h
8、ours a night.D.9 hours a night.(5).Two groups of people are compared in the third study. They are people_.（分数：0.80）A.with less than5 hours of sleep a night and with 7 to 9 hours of sleepB.who slept 4 hours a night and who slept 4 hours for 2 nightsC.with less than 4 hours of sleep a night and with 7
9、 to 9 hours of sleepD.with less than 5 hours of sleep a night and with 8 hours of sleep四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1).As is stated in the passage, learning _.（分数：2.00）A.is generally a complex biological processB.has nothing to do with organic developmentC.is mostly independent of external
10、environmental conditionsD.is directed to changes that can be attributed to training(2).A child“s development depends on _.（分数：2.00）A.learning process in particularB.either of the two processesC.the interactions between the two processesD.maturation process in the main(3).Which is NOT true according
11、to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Growth in height of a body is an example of maturation.B.Maturation is the development of organization as a function of time or age.C.Maturation is a process of accumulation of personal experience.D.Learning plays a vital role in changes of a child“s behavior.(4).In the aut
12、hor“s opinion, _.（分数：2.00）A.learning plays an important part in most aspects of a child“s development and changeB.there are hardly any principles of learning which are generally acceptedC.a child never learns anything unless he has some need or desire for itD.a child should not be rewarded until he
13、has learned a response(5).The subject discussed in the passage mainly belongs to the realm of _.（分数：2.00）A.psychological biologyB.developmental psychologyC.biological psychologyD.evolutional physiology五、Part (总题数：1，分数：20.00)A delegation of American officials appeared before an international legal pa
14、nel on 1 to argue that in its fight 2 , the United States had not violated its treaty obligations to 3 the torture of prisoners. It was the 4 since Sept. 11, 2001, that a United States delegation had answered questions from an 5 about abuses by soldiers and 6 The delegation“s report to the 7 panel,
15、which was meeting in Geneva, did not break new ground. The officials contended that despite instances of 8 in Afghanistan, Iraq and Guantnamo Bay, 9 , the United States has not systematically mistreated 10 and remained 11 to a global ban on torture. Under the Convention Against Torture, a 12 treaty
16、that is a centerpiece of international 13 law, the United States was supposed to have 14 to the United Nations panel on its compliance by 15 . The panel, known as the 16 , will review the American report and issue findings later this month, but it has 17 to enforce its conclusions. The delegation in
17、cluded more than 18 representatives from the State, Defense, 19 and Homeland Security Departments, but not from the 20 . （分数：20.00）填空项 1:_翻译三级口译综合能力-40 答案解析(总分：44.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1).Long, long ago, people didn“t know what the Milky Way was, s
18、o they explained it _.（分数：2.00）A.as we do todayB.as they imagined C.as they studiedD.as the Bible says解析：听力原文 There is probably nothing more mysterious and wonderful-looking in the sky than the Milky Way, stretching like a band of jewels from one end of the sky to the other. Long, long ago, when peo
19、ple gazed at this sight, they were filled with wonder just as you are today. But since they didn“t know what it was, they made up all sorts of strange and beautiful conjectures of the Milky Way. For example, in early Christian times, people thought it was a way along which the servants of God went u
20、p to heaven. Some imagined it was an opening in the heaven, so that we here on earth could have a glance of the magnificent inside. Knowing the facts about the Milky Way, as we do today, doesn“t take away any of the wonder of it. The facts are just as amazing as any “made-up“ idea! Our galaxy is rou
21、ghly like a watch, round and flat. If you could get above it and look down on it, it would look like a very large watch. But we are inside the galaxy, and when we look up we are looking towards the edge from inside the “watch“. So we“ see that edge around us. And since there are millions of stars in
22、 it, they appear to us as the Milky Way. Do you know that there are at least 3,000,000,000 stars in the galaxy? And here is an idea of its size. It takes eight minutes for light from the sun to reach the earth. For light from the middle point of the galaxy to reach the sun, it takes about 27,000 yea
23、rs! The galaxy turns about its center like a wheel. From our position in it, it takes about 200,000,000 years just to make one round. 分析 因果关系的找寻和判断。 根据原文 But since they didn“t know what it was，they made up all sorts of strange and beautiful conjectures of the Milky Way可知由于当时人们不知道银河是由什么构成的，他们便给银河编造了各
24、式各样瑰丽奇妙的故事。由此可见，选项 B的说法与原文意思相符，因此该项为正确答案。 解题关键 1)根据表原因的信号词 since判断答案信息处；2)掌握同义词替换。本题原文中conjectures(猜测)与选项 B中 imagined意思相同。(2).In early Christian times, people thought the Milky Way to be an opening in the sky for _.（分数：2.00）A.the servants of God to enter heavenB.the people on earth to have a look at
25、 the magnificent sight in it C.people on other stars to take a look at the beauty of itD.the Christian to go up to heaven解析：解析 特定信息的找寻和判断。 根据题干中关键词 In early Christian times定位到原文相关信息 Some imagined it was an opening in the heaven，so that we here on earth could have a glance of the magnificent inside 即
26、当时人们以为银河是天堂的开口，这样地上的人们便可有机会瞥一眼天堂里壮观的景象，由此可见 B项内容与原文意思相符，该项为正确答案。 解题关键 掌握同义词替换。文中 have a glance与选项 B中 have a look同义。(3).What does the galaxy look like?（分数：2.00）A.If you were above it and look down on it, it would look like a flat and round watch. B.If you looked at it from its edge, it would look lik
27、e the Milky Way.C.If you looked at it from its inside, it would look like a large watch.D.If you looked up, it would look like a night sky.解析：解析 事实细节的找寻和判断。 根据原文 Our galaxy is roughly like a watch，round and flatIf you could get above it and look down on it，it would look like a very large watch 可知我们的
28、星系大致像块表，又圆又平。如果你从星系上方向下看，它就像一只巨大的表。由此可见 A项内容与原文相符，该项为正确答案。 解题关键 根据选项方位特点正确定位原文相关信息。(4).For light _, it takes about 27,000 years.（分数：2.00）A.from the earth to reach the sunB.from the sun to reach the earthC.from the middle point of the galaxy to reach the sun D.from the moon to reach the middle point
29、of the galaxy解析：解析 事实细节的找寻和判断。 根据原文 For light from the middle point of the galaxy to reach the sun，it takes about 27，000 years 可知从星系中点到太阳，光要走上两万七千年。由此可见 C项内容与原文相符，该项为正确答案。 解题关键 根据题干数字迅速定位原文相关信息。(5).The galaxy turns _like a wheel.（分数：2.00）A.round the sunB.from our positionC.from the middle pointD.rou
30、nd the middle point 解析：解析 事实细节的找寻和判断。 根据原文 The galaxy turns about its center like a wheel可知星系围绕中心转，就像车轮。 由此可见 D项内容与原文相符，该项为正确答案。 解题关键 掌握同义词替换。文中 turns about its center与选项 D中 turns around the middle point意思相同。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：4.00)（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, how many universities in th
31、e United States took part in the study?（分数：0.80）A.Four. B.Three.C.Five.D.Six.解析：听力原文 There are new findings that people with inadequate sleep are likely to gain weight. Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increase feelings of hunger. In one study, researchers from Stanf
32、ord University in California and the University of Wisconsin examined information on more than one thousand people. The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleep disorders. Some people slept less than five hours a night. They had fifteen percent higher blood levels of a hormone called ghre
33、lin than people who slept eight hours. And they had fifteen percent less of the hormone leptin. Experts say ghrelin helps make people feel hungry; leptin makes you feel full. The results were not affected by how much people exercised. People who are awake longer have more time to burn energy. But th
34、e researchers say loss of sleep may increase hunger especially for high-calorie foods, so people gain weight. Researchers found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is seven-point-seven hours a night. Researchers at the University of Chicago did a smaller study. They found that people wh
35、o slept just four hours a night for two nights had an eighteen percent reduction in leptin. And they had a twenty-eight percent increase in ghrelin. The young men in that study also appeared to want more sweet and starchy foods. Researchers from Columbia University in New York did a third study. The
36、y found that people who got less than four hours of sleep a night were seventy-three percent more likely to be overweight. This was compared to people with seven to nine hours of sleep. The researchers say that for survival, the body may be designed to store more fat during times with less sleep. 分析
37、 归纳总结。 题干：根据文章，美国有几所大学参与了该项研究?原文提到的大学有： Stanford University，University of Wisconsin，University of Chicago，Columbia University。所以选 A。(2).Why does a lack of sleep cause people to gain weight?（分数：0.80）A.Because people burn fewer calories when they are awake.B.Because people feel hungry when they lack s
38、leep. C.Because their hormones stay unchanged.D.Because people don“t exercise when they don“t have enough sleep.解析：解析 原因结果。 题干：为什么缺乏睡眠会导致人们变胖?根据原文“Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increase feelings of hunger”，译文为：研究人员说缺乏睡眠会导致荷尔蒙的变化，这种变化会增强饥饿感。所以选 C“因为人们缺乏睡眠时会感到饥饿。”。A
39、 选项为“因为在清醒的时候燃烧的卡路里较少。”，C 选项为“因为他们的荷尔蒙没有改变。”，D 选项为“因为人们睡眠不足时不运动。”(3).According to the passage, what is NOT true about the first study?（分数：0.80）A.More than 1,000 people took part in the study.B.People who slept less had higher blood levels of ghrelin.C.People who slept more had higher blood levels of
40、 leptin.D.The amount of exercise can influence the result of the study. 解析：(4).What is the best amount of sleep for weight control?（分数：0.80）A.8 hours a night.B.7.7 hours a night. C.7 hours a night.D.9 hours a night.解析：解析 数字信息。 题干：控制体重需要的最佳睡眠量是多少?根据原文“Researchers found that the best amount of sleep f
41、or weight control is seven-point-seven hours a night”，译文为：研究人员发现控制体重所需要的最佳睡眠量为一个晚上 7.7个小时。所以选 B。(5).Two groups of people are compared in the third study. They are people_.（分数：0.80）A.with less than5 hours of sleep a night and with 7 to 9 hours of sleepB.who slept 4 hours a night and who slept 4 hours
42、 for 2 nightsC.with less than 4 hours of sleep a night and with 7 to 9 hours of sleep D.with less than 5 hours of sleep a night and with 8 hours of sleep解析：解析 细节信息。 题干：在第三项研究中，两组人做了对比，这两组人分别是?根据原文“They found that people who got less than four hours of sleep a nightThis was compared to people with se
43、ven to nine hours of sleep”，译文为：他们发现一个晚上睡眠少于 4小时的人这和睡眠 7到 9小时的人做了对比。所以选 C。四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1).As is stated in the passage, learning _.（分数：2.00）A.is generally a complex biological processB.has nothing to do with organic developmentC.is mostly independent of external environmental
44、 conditionsD.is directed to changes that can be attributed to training 解析：解析 All the characteristics and abilities a person acquires and all developmental changes result from two basic, though complex, processes: learning and maturation. Since the two processes almost always interact, it is difficul
45、t to separate their effects from each other or to specify the relative contribution of each to a child“s development. Clearly, growth in height is not learned but depends on maturation, a biological process. But improvements in motor activities such as walking depend on maturation and learning, and
46、the interaction between them. What, then, are maturation and learning? Developmental psychologists are not entirely in agreement, though there is a common core of accepted meaning. Thus all definitions of maturation stress organic processes or structural changes occurring within an individual“s body
47、 that are relatively independent of external environmental conditions, experiences, or practice. By maturation, it is meant development of the organism as a function of time, or age. Learning has also been defined in diverse ways, but the term generally refers to changes in behavior or performance a
48、s a consequence of experience. Learning is the process by which an activity originates or is changed through training procedures as distinguished from changes not attributable to training. A number of important and stimulating theories of learning have been proposed, each with its own set of princip
49、les and hypotheses for explaining the learning process. For our purposes, we do not need to be concerned with the specific details of the learning process, even though learning plays the most important role in most aspects of development and change. We shall employ only a few generally accepted principles of learning in this discussion. Specifically, we accept the principle that a child will learn a response more effectively and more thoroughly if
