1、公共英语(四级)8 及答案解析(总分：11.97，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section I Listening(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Name: Henry Alfred Kissinger Birthday: May 27, 1923 Nationality: 1 Birthplace: Germany Major: 2science Experience: 1938: Went to the U. S. 1943 1946: Served in the U. S. Army 1954 1969: Taught at 3 University 1969: Entered 4ser
2、vice 5:Won Nobel Peace Prize （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、PART B(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).Apart from stealing software, for what reason was Kevin Mitnick arrested? （分数：0.20）填空项 1:_(2).How many years did Kevin Mitnick serve in Federal Prison?（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_(3).In what respects was Mr. Mitn
3、ick confined?（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_(4).Since his release from prison, Mr. Mitnick appeared on television as an expert offering advice about_.（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_(5).When did he publish his book, The Art of Deception?（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_三、PART C Direction(总题数：3，分数：3.00)(1).What has cloning bypassed?（分数：0.33）A.The
4、nuclear transfer.B.The process of taking DNA.C.The normal reproductive process.D.The creation of cells.(2).Whats the big breakthrough with Dolly, the first cloned animal?（分数：0.33）A.It makes a clone from an ordinary, adult cell.B.It makes the first normal and healthy cloned animal.C.It paves the way
5、to the cloning of human beings.D.It makes a cloned animal with only mother.(3).Which country first passed the law banning human cloning?（分数：0.33）A.The United States.B.The United Kingdom.C.Switzerland.D.Russia.(1).The author mentions September 11 to demonstrate_.（分数：0.33）A.the change of Americans att
6、itude toward AfghanistanB.the necessity for university students to better understand foreign cultureC.the fact that Afghanistan is affecting Americans lifeD.the urgency for university students to understand Afghanistan issue(2).The author believes that todays universities_.（分数：0.33）A.must give their
7、 students a better grasp of science and foreign cultureB.should seek to meet the challenge of greater global integrationC.need to adapt to the challenge of more advanced scienceD.are fully qualified to serve our society(3).The best title for this passage would be_.（分数：0.33）A.Role of UniversitiesB.Se
8、rving Our SocietyC.Pursuing DiversityD.New Assignment for Universities(1).When was the euro launched?（分数：0.33）A.1992.B.1995.C.1999.D.2001.(2).Why did the worth of euro drop?（分数：0.33）A.It dropped due to the weakness of the eurozone economies and the inexperience of the European Central Bank in dealin
9、g with the international markets.B.People in most European countries refused to use euro instead of their own currency.C.Counterfeiters made a lot of fake notes since people were not familiar with the new currency.D.Some countries are not ready for the euro. They stopped using euro in daily purchasi
10、ng.(3).Why are the eight coins of euro different in composition, weight, thickness, and milling?（分数：0.33）A.Because each nation wants to keep its characteristics.B.Because they are designed by different artists from eight countries.C.Because it will enable the blind to distinguish between them easily
11、.D.Because Denmark and other countries want to have their own coins.四、Section II Use of E(总题数：1，分数：1.00)According to government statistics, men of all social classes in Britain visit pubs quite often, 【21】 the kind of pub they go to may be different and their reasons for going there 【22】 ,too. At pr
12、esent, they often take their wives or girl-friends, which 【23】 to be the case. The fact is that the typical English pub is changing, partly 【24】 the licensing laws not being so strict as they 【25】 ,but also because publicans are trying to 【26】 away with the old Victorian 【27】 of the pub and 【28】 pro
13、vide couples with an atmosphere where they can both feel happy. Pub used not to open 【29】 at certain times. The result was that they were usually 【30】 with men who seemed to be drinking as much as possible in the time 【31】 . But that kind of pub is quickly becoming a thing of the past. Curiously eno
14、ugh, the old British licensing laws, which foreigners found so objectionable and absurd, were 【32】 introduced as a 【33】 measure to stop workers drinking in the World War I. 【34】 , the strong Puritanical 【35】 in Parliament took 【36】of the law and 【37】 it. Opening hours are 【38】 limited to eight hours
15、 a day, but the publican can now choose which hours 【39】 him best. And nowadays you can even get a cup of coffee if you prefer 【40】 beer. But in spite of this the Puritans would never dream of admitting that a pub could become a repeatable place. （分数：1.00）A.andB.thoughC.whenD.asA.disagreeB.divergeC.
16、varyD.deviateA.used notB.not usedC.usedD.is usedA.becauseB.because ofC.forD.in thatA.wereB.areC.usedD.had beenA.takeB.doC.keepD.goA.sightB.imageC.appearanceD.perceptionA.thenB.insteadC.furtherD.stillA.exceptB.except forC.onlyD.only forA.coveredB.crowdedC.fullD.plentyA.availableB.properC.probableD.ac
17、cessibleA.ordinarilyB.generallyC.originallyD.formerlyA.perpetualB.temporaryC.uniformD.temperateA.NeverthelessB.HoweverC.AfterwardsD.FurthermoreA.factorB.elementC.componentD.atomA.advantageB.profitC.useD.chargeA.retainedB.containedC.maintainedD.protectedA.evenB.justC.butD.stillA.suitB.matchC.meetD.ag
18、reeA.againstB.forC.withD.to五、Section III Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)In the late years of the nineteenth century, “capital“ and “labour“ were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modem lines. Many old firms was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried manager
19、s. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individ
20、ual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business. Meanwhile the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other s
21、ervices to the taxpayers. The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irres
22、ponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. During the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders wer
23、e thus enriched by the worlds movement towards industrialization Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable“ classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a s
24、hareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding“ meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization. The “shareholders“ as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of emp
25、loyees in the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not good. he paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the workers and their demands, but even he had seldom familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the emp
26、loyer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skill
27、ed trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lookout taught the two parties to respect each others strength and understand the value of fair negotiation. （分数：1.00）(1).The author says that old family firm
28、s（分数：0.20）A.were ruined by the younger generations.B.failed for lack of individual initiative.C.lacked efficiency compared with modem companies.D.were able to supply adequate services to taxpayers.(2).The growth of limited liability companies resulted in（分数：0.20）A.the separation of capital from mana
29、gement.B.the ownership of capital by managers.C.the emergence of capital and labor as two classes.D.the participation of shareholders in land ownership.(3).The text indicates that（分数：0.20）A.some countries developed quickly because of the emergence of the limited liability company.B.the tide of indus
30、trialization would wide benefited British shareholders greatly.C.shareholders contributed a lot to the fast growth of the British economy.D.the system of shareholding impaired the management of modem companies.(4).We learn from the text that（分数：0.20）A.shareholders often cast negative influence on th
31、e well-being of workers.B.owners of traditional firm enjoyed a good relationship with their employees.C.limited liability companies were too large to run smoothly.D.trade unions had a positive role on workers and the management.(5).The author appears to be very critical of（分数：0.20）A.family firm owne
32、rs.B.shareholders.C.managers.D.landowners.No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you like to accomplish with your careers?“ an American senator asked Time Warner executives recently. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation an
33、d threaten our children as well?“ At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. Its a self-examination that has, at different times, involved issues of responsibility ,creative
34、freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over from the late Steve Ross in the early 1990s. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companys mountainous debt, which will increase to 17.3 bi
35、llion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the companys rap music on the grounds of expression. In
36、 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-Ts violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. “The test of any democratic society,“ he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expres
37、sion but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We wont retreat when we face any threats.“ Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing o
38、ff his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of societys ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he
39、talked as well about the “balanced struggle“ between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he proclaimed that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of L
40、evin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say some of them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,“ says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the
41、 company have only recently come to realize this.“ （分数：1.00）(1).An American senator criticized Time Warner for（分数：0.20）A.its raising of the corporate stock price.B.its self-examination of the soul.C.its neglect of social responsibility.D.its emphasis on creative freedom.(2).The word “flap“ (Para. 3,
42、 line 1) here means（分数：0.20）A.controversy.B.fear.C.disaster.D.solution.(3).In 1992, Time Warner caused public outrage because it（分数：0.20）A.sacked workers as a result of restructuring.B.issued a record promoting violence.C.advocated the culture of the street.D.challenged the freedom of expression in
43、democratic society.(4).In the face of recent attacks on the company, Levin（分数：0.20）A.stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression.B.softened his tone and introduced a new initiative.C.yielded to objections and resigned from the company.D.requested unconditional support from the 15-member
44、board.(5).We can infer from the last paragraph that（分数：0.20）A.profits and social responsibility can rarely go hand in hand in the company.B.few people are concerned about corporate responsibility.C.the debate over Time Warners policy will soon involve other companies.D.the Time Warner Boards opinion
45、 of the companys policy is divided.It was not “the comet of the century“ experts predicted it might be. However, Kohoutek has provided a bonanza of scientific information. It was first spotted 370 million miles from Earth, by an astronomer who was searching the sky for asteroids, and after whom the
46、comet was named. Scientists who tracked Kohoutek the ten months before it passed the Earth predicted the comet would be a brilliant spectacle. But Kohoutek fell short of these predictions, disappointing millions of amateur sky watchers, when it proved too pale to be seen with the unaided eye. Resear
47、chers were very happy nonetheless With the new information they were able to glean from their investigation of the comet. Perhaps the most significant discovery was the identification of two important chemical compounds methyl cyanide and hydrogen cyanide never before seen in comets, but found it th
48、e far reaches of interstellar space. This discovery revealed new clues about the origin of comets. Most astronomers agree that comets are primordial remnants from the formation of the solar system, but whether they were born between Jupiter and Neptune or much farther out toward interstellar space h
49、as been the subject of :much debate. If compounds no more complex than ammonia and methane, key components of Jupiter, were seen in comets, it would suggest that comets form within the planetary orbits. But more complex compounds, such as the methyl cyanide found in Kohoutek, point to formation far beyond the planets; there the deep freeze of sp
