1、公共英语(四级)7 及答案解析(总分：11.97，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section I Listening(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Name: Henry Alfred Kissinger Birthday: May 27, 1923 Nationality: 1 Birthplace: Germany Major: 2science Experience: 1938: Went to the U. S. 1943 1946: Served in the U. S. Army 1954 1969: Taught at 3 University 1969: Entered 4ser
2、vice 5:Won Nobel Peace Prize （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、PART B(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).The percentage of people who send cards to themselves on February 14 is_.（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_(2).Some people send cards to themselves on February 14 to_.（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_(3).The 1/10 of the people question
3、ed get the cards on that day by_.（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_(4).The least romantic nation according to the passage is_.（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_(5).The best gift for the French on February 14 is_.（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_三、PART C Direction(总题数：3，分数：3.00)(1).When did Poe start publishing his poetry and stories and pursue a caree
4、r in journalism?（分数：0.33）A.In the early 1810s.B.In the early 1820s.C.In the early 1830s.D.In the early 1840s.(2).How old was he when Poe died?（分数：0.33）A.30.B.40.C.50.D.60.(3).Which is not considered as Poes finest poems?（分数：0.33）A.To Helen.B.Annabel Lee.C.The Raven.D.The Tell-Tale Heart.(1).The auth
5、or mentions September 11 to demonstrate_.（分数：0.33）A.the change of Americans attitude toward AfghanistanB.the necessity for university students to better understand foreign cultureC.the fact that Afghanistan is affecting Americans lifeD.the urgency for university students to understand Afghanistan is
6、sue(2).The author believes that todays universities_.（分数：0.33）A.must give their students a better grasp of science and foreign cultureB.should seek to meet the challenge of greater global integrationC.need to adapt to the challenge of more advanced scienceD.are fully qualified to serve our society(3
7、).The best title for this passage would be_.（分数：0.33）A.Role of UniversitiesB.Serving Our SocietyC.Pursuing DiversityD.New Assignment for Universities(1).Why cant the library issue library cards to everyone who applies?（分数：0.33）A.Because it takes too long to process all the applications.B.Because it
8、is a library for special purpose.C.Because its resources are limited.D.Because there is a shortage of staff.(2).What will the library do if a reader fails to renew the video when it is due?（分数：0.33）A.Discard his application form.B.Forbid him to borrow any items.C.Ask him to apply again.D.Cancel his
9、video card.(3).For how long can a reader keep the book before he renews it?（分数：0.33）A.One week.B.One month.C.Two weeks.D.Two months.四、Section II Use of E(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Do you have any knowledge of the space station? A space station is a place 【21】 people can and work on space 【22】 long periods. It o
10、rbits the earth, usually about 200 to 300 miles high. A space station may 【23】 as an observatory, laboratory, factory, workshop, warehouse, and fuel depot. Space stations are much larger than manned spacecraft, 【24】 they provide more comforts. Manned spacecraft may 【25】 people between the earth and
11、the space station. Unmanned spacecraft may supply the station 【26】 food, water, equipment, mail and so on. Small space stations can be 【27】 on the earth and launched orbit by 【28】 rockets. Larger stations are 【29】 in space. Rockets or space shuttles 【30】 modules of the station into space, where astr
12、onauts assemble them. Old modules can be replaced, and new modules can be 【31】 to expand the station. A space station has 【32】 one docking port 【33】 which a visiting spacecraft can attach itself. Most docking ports 【34】 of a rimmed doorway called a hatch that can connect 【35】 the hatch on the visiti
13、ng spacecraft to form an airtight seal. When the two hatches open, they form a pressurized tunnel between the station and the visiting spacecraft. The main tasks of a space station crew involve scientific research. For example, they might analyze the 【36】 of micro gravity on various materials, 【37】
14、the earths surface, or study the stars and planets. Astronauts 【38】 a space station also 【39】 much of their time to the assembly of equipment and the expansion of the stations facilities. This includes 【40】 beams, connecting electrical and gas lines, and welding permanent joints between sections of
15、the station. The crew must also fix or replace broken equipment. （分数：1.00）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.in whichA.inB.atC.withD.forA.serveB.workC.helpD.assistA.whileB.soC.whereasD.whereA.fetchB.takeC.bringD.transportA.withB.withinC.toD.fromA.shapedB.setC.constructedD.establishedA.bigB.largeC.mediumD.littleA
16、.assembledB.constructedC.builtD.manufacturedA.getB.fetchC.carryD.moveA.joinedB.linkedC.connectedD.addedA.at bestB.at mostC.at leastD.at handA.toB.inC.atD.onA.composeB.make upC.consistD.constituteA.forB.withC.andD.toA.strengthB.forceC.affectD.effectsA.watchB.examineC.investigateD.inspectA.atB.onC.inD
17、.offA.devoteB.connectC.addD.payA.erectB.to erectC.erectingD.erects五、Section III Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)Recently housing is recognized as a “socially determinant variable“. In France, housing is the main item of expenditure in the family budget ( accounting for an average of 29 percent), and many fami
18、lies would be unable to find decent housing without help from the State. For a long time, the main problem was the housing shortage but in recent years the deterioration of housing conditions has been giving even greater cause for concern. Despite extensive construction programs, the problem of hous
19、ing for the most underprivileged population groups has not been solved. According to the so-called Petrequin Report, between 2 and 3 million families had serious difficulties meeting their housing costs and were living in precarious and uncomfortable conditions. Policies designed to address the hous
20、ing problem have shifted over the past few decades from a macroeconomic approach promoting construction to housing subsidies. The reasons for this shift agree with the determination to limit public spending and to avoid some of the perverse effects of macroeconomic policies. The State has to some ex
21、tent ceased to finance housing, especially the construction of new projects, with the result that the cost is now chiefly and directly borne by the family budget. Many underprivileged families, which were excluded from low-rent housing for various reasons (selection of tenants, saturation of existin
22、g capacity, insolvency), had no alternative but to purchase their own home and were encouraged to do so without restraint by the easy terms of housing loans. The housing sector thus contributed to the development of the “economy of indebtedness“. It should indeed be emphasized that “widespread home
23、ownership through resource to borrowing could only be to the detriment of low-income families“. In Belgium, the quality of housing, considered the prime indicator of housing deprivation, heaves much to be desired. Low-rent housing projects have been cut back as part of the austerity policy pursued b
24、y the national and regional governments, and low-income households are finding it increasingly difficult to find somewhere to live. The number of homeless has also taken on alarming proportions. An estimated 3,000 persons spend the night in refuges, but the figure is probably much higher. Moreover,
25、the number of homeless women and young persons is increasing. （分数：1.00）(1).In the authors opinions, housing is _.（分数：0.20）A.a problem solved only by the society and not by individualsB.invariable and unchangeableC.not determined by the societyD.socially determinant and changeable(2).Recently, people
26、 more concern about _.（分数：0.20）A.the housing shortage and the housing deprivation in BelgiumB.the deterioration of housing conditionsC.the governments macroeconomic and microeconomic policiesD.how to buy their own houses by the aid of the government(3).Why has the government shifted its policies fro
27、m a macroeconomic approach promoting construction to housing subsidies?（分数：0.20）A.To increase its domestic budget.B.To limit public spending and to avoid some of the perverse effects of macroeconomic policies.C.To address the housing problem.D.To help the low-income families have decent houses.(4).A
28、ccording to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（分数：0.20）A.In most countries, housing is the main item of expenditure in the family budget.B.In Belgium, low-rent housing projects have been cut back by the national and regional governments so that the number of homeless has increas
29、ed greatly.C.The government determined to aid the construction of new projects.D.In Belgium, the quality of housing meets the consumers need.(5).The main topic of the passage is _.（分数：0.20）A.housing problemB.the difficulties to buy a houseC.how to get a housing loanD.the life of the under-privileged
30、 people in BelgiumThe Internet raises major issues and challenges for education, not just in China but all over the world. Yet it simply cannot be ignored in terms of the opportunities and resources that it can offer. We can divide the main issues facing education systems into three groups access, q
31、uality and responsibility. Let us consider the Internet in relation to each of them. First, access. Through the Internet, practically the whole world can be brought into your classroom. Using e-mail makes it possible to have a class whose members are spread all over the world and who may never meet
32、either the teacher or each other face to face. It can put students in different countries in easy contact. The information resources available are almost limitless. With the Internet, students and teachers can access the wisdom, experience, skills, and even guidance of others in a way that was only
33、possible for a very privileged few. Next, quality. The Internet does pose serious problems of quality for education systems. Obviously, there is a lot of material on the Internet that no one would want children or students to have uncontrolled access to, but there are other problems which are very d
34、ifficult to solve. The first is how to handle the sheer quantity of information available, and how to make it manageable. Because anyone can put information on the Internet, and there are no limits on quantity, it can be almost impossible to find exactly the information that one wants. Teachers and
35、students cannot afford to waste time on unsuccessful searching. How can we identify the information which will be most useful without overloading ourselves and our students with unnecessary information? How do we select the best information from all that is available? This raises the issue of respon
36、sibility. There are few editors or quality controllers on the Internet. The ultimate responsibility for selection and judgment falls to the user, whether teacher or student. Teachers, and still less students, are not experts in every field; what we select may not be what we really want, perhaps is o
37、ld, even wrong. Any profession must take some collective responsibility in resolving these problems. Conscious and deliberate efforts have to be made to share information between teachers about useful sites and about the best way to use them. Those who have found something useful or of high quality
38、should not keep the information to themselves, but share it as widely as possible. There are many professional discussion groups active on the Internet which aim to do this. Access to them by teachers should be actively encouraged. This will require investment by institutions in giving easy access t
39、o the Internet and email to all teachers. Without this investment, educators and ultimately students will be deprived of a vital resource for the development of education in the future. （分数：1.00）(1).With which of the following statements would the author be least likely to agree?（分数：0.20）A.The Inter
40、net provides us with perfect educational information.B.The Internet provides us with limitless resources.C.We can obtain the latest information from foreign countries through the Internet.D.The information on the Internet is no longer available only for a few people.(2).The authors attitude towards
41、a large quantity of information on the net is（分数：0.20）A.satisfied.B.indifferent.C.furious.D.worried.(3).The text implies that（分数：0.20）A.professional people should pick out proper information from the Internet for schools.B.professional people should instruct teachers and students to use the Internet
42、.C.educators should be active in using computer.D.educators should have their own email address.(4).The word “institutions“ (Para. 12, line 2) here probably refers to（分数：0.20）A.communities.B.governments.C.schools.D.researching groups.(5).What is mainly discussed in the text?（分数：0.20）A.The on line in
43、formation for school teaching.B.Some problems of the Internet use.C.Who is responsible for the Internet safety.D.How to evaluate the on-line resources.Classical physics defines the vacuum as a state of absence :a vacuum is said to exist in a region of space if there is nothing in it. In the quantum
44、field theories that describe the physics of elementary particles, the vacuum becomes somewhat more complicated. Even in empty space, particles can appear spontaneously as a result of fluctuations of the vacuum. For example, an electron and a positron, or antielectron, can be created out of the void(
45、空间).Particles created in this way have only a fleeting existence; they are annihilated(消亡) almost as soon as they appear, and their presence can never be detected directly. They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles, whose lifetimes are not constrained in the
46、same way, and which can be detected. So it is still possible to define the vacuum as a space that has no real particles in it. One might expect that the vacuum would always be the state of lowest possible energy for a given region of space. If an area is initially empty and a real particle is put in
47、to it, the total energy, it seems, should be raised by at least the energy equivalent of the mass of the added particle. A surprising result of some recent theoretical investigations is that this assumption is not invariably tree. There are conditions under which the introduction of a real particle
48、of finite mass into an empty region of space can reduce the total energy. If the reduction in energy is great enough, an electron and a positron will be instantly created. Under these conditions the electron and positron are not a result of vacuum fluctuations but are real particles, which exist ind
49、efinitely and can be detected. In other words, under these conditions the vacuum is an unstable state and can decay(衰变)into a state of lower energy; that is one in which real particles are created. The necessary condition for the decay of the vacuum is the presence of an intense electric field. As a result of the decay
