1、公共英语(五级)9 及答案解析(总分：7.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section II Use of E(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Most parents these days have to rely on their force of personality and whatever love and respect they can inspire to 【B1】 any influence over their children at all, 【B2】 there is still an awful lot of parental authority that big
2、money can buy. Multi-millionaires have 【B3】 of everything than ordinary mortals, including more parent power, and their sons and daughters have about as 【B4】 opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations 【B5】 they would have had in the age of absolute monarchy. The rich still have famil
3、ies. The great divide between the generations, which is so much taken for 【B6】 that no one remarks on it any longer, is the plight of the lower and middle classes, 【B7】 children begin to drift away as soon as they are 【B8】 enough to go to school. The parents cannot control the 【B9】 and have even les
4、s say 【B10】 to what company and ideas the child will be exposed to; 【B11】 can they isolate him 【B12】 the public mood, the spirit of the age. It is an often-heard complaint of the middle-class 【B13】 , for instance, that she must let her children watch television for hours on 【B14】 every day if she is
5、 to steal any 【B15】 for herself. The rich have no such 【B16】 ; they can keep their offspring 【B17】 from morning to night without being near them for a minute more than they choose to be, and can exercise almost 【B18】 control over their environment. As for schooling, they can hand-pick tutors with so
6、und views to come to the children, who may 【B19】 leave the grounds 【B20】 for an exceptionally secure boarding school or a well-chaperoned trip abroad. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
7、二、Section III Reading(总题数：3，分数：3.00)Travel is at its best a solitary enterprise: to see, to examine, to assess, you have to be alone and unencumbered. Other people can mislead you; they crowd your meandering impressions with their own; if they are companionable they obstruct your view, and if they a
8、re boring they corrupt the silence with non-sequiturs, shattering your concentration with “Oh, look, its raining“ and “ You see a lot of trees here“. Travelling on your own can be terribly lonely ( and it is not understood by Japanese who, coming across you smiling wistfully at an acre of Mexican bu
9、tter cups tend to say things like “Where is the rest of your team?“ ) , I think of evening in the hotel room in the strange city. My diary has been brought up to date; I hanker for company; what do I do? I dont know anyone here, so I go out and walk and discover the three streets of the town and rat
10、her envy the strolling couples and the people with children. The museums and churches are closed, and toward midnight the streets are empty. If I am mugged, I will have to apologize as politely as possible; “I am sorry, sir, but I have nothing valuable on my person. “ Is there a surer way of enragin
11、g a thief and driving him to violence? It is hard to see clearly or to think straight in the company of other people. Not only do I feel self-conscious, but the perceptions that are necessary to writing are difficult to manage when someone close by is thinking out loud. I am diverted, but it is disc
12、overy, not diversion, that I seek. What is required is the lucidity of loneliness to capture that vision, which, however banal, seems in my private mood to be special and worthy of interest. There is something in feeling abject that quickens my mind and makes it intensely receptive to fugitive might
13、 also be verified and refined; and in any case I had the satisfaction of finishing the business alone. Travel is not a vacation, and it is often the opposite of a rest. “Have a nice time,“ people said to me at my send-off at South Station, Medford. It was not precisely what I had hoped for. I craved
14、 a little risk, some danger, an untoward event, a vivid discomfort, an experience of my own company, and in a modest way the romance of solitude. This I thought might be mine on that train to Limon. （分数：1.00）(1).Travelling companions are a disadvantage, according to the writer, because they_.（分数：0.2
15、0）A.give you the wrong impression about the journeyB.distract you from your readingC.intrude on your private observationsD.prevent you from saying what you think(2).It has been assumed by Japanese that he_.（分数：0.20）A.belongs to a group of botanistsB.is excessively odd to travel aloneC.needs to be di
16、rected to his hotelD.has wandered away from his party(3).His main concern in the evenings was to_.（分数：0.20）A.take some physical exerciseB.avoid being robbed in the streetC.overcome his lonelinessD.explore the sights of the city(4).The writer regards his friends farewell to him as_.（分数：0.20）A.inappro
17、priateB.unsympatheticC.tactlessD.cynical(5).We gather from the passage that his main purpose in travelling was to_.（分数：0.20）A.test his enduranceB.prove his self-sufficiencyC.experience adventureD.respond to new experiencesRecent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air have an
18、 ill-effect on peoples physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically changed particles. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorms, earthquakes or
19、 when winds such as the Mistral, Foehn, Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibres, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens. When a large number of positive ions
20、are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also found to be affected, particularly before earthquakes; snakes have been observed to come out of
21、 hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the U. S. Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California. Conversely, when large n
22、umbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holid
23、ay by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls. To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizes; small portable machines which generate negative ions. They claim that ionizes not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the
24、 health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a neg
25、ative rich or poor environment. After all, it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquake is more effective than watching the cat. （分数：1.00）(1).What effect does excessive positive ionization have on some people?（分数：0.20）A.They think they are insane.B.They feel rather
26、bad-tempered.C.They become violently sick.D.They are too tired to do anything.(2).According to the passage, static electricity can be caused by_.（分数：0.20）A.using home-made electric goodsB.wearing clothes made of natural materialsC.walking on artificial floor coveringsD.copying TV programmes on a com
27、puter(3).By observing the behaviour of animals, scientists may be able to_.（分数：0.20）A.prevent disastersB.organize groups of peopleC.predict earthquakesD.control areas of California(4).A high negative ion count is likely to be found_.（分数：0.20）A.near a pond with a water pumpB.close to a slow-flowing r
28、iverC.high in some barren mountainsD.by a rotating water sprinkler(5).People should be able to come to a decision about ions in the air if they_.（分数：0.20）A.note their own reactionsB.move to a healthier areaC.observe domestic animalsD.watch how healthy people behaveConventional wisdom about conflict
29、seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation. Too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk,
30、however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and other for not-for-profit organizations. Somewha
31、t surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision-making
32、 than might be achieved in the absence of conflict. Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision-making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for
33、effective decision-making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators. In the not-for-profit organizations, decisi
34、on-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents, the executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. （分数：1.00）(1).In the eyes of the au
35、thor, conventional opinion on conflict is_.（分数：0.20）A.oversimplifiedB.misleadingC.wrongD.unclear(2).Professor Charles R. Schwenks research shows_.（分数：0.20）A.the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB.the difficulty in determining optimal level of conflictC.the complexity of defining the roles of
36、conflictD.the real value of conflict(3).We can learn from Schwenks research that_.（分数：0.20）A.it is impossible for people to avoid conflictB.different people resolve conflicts in different waysC.conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsD.a persons view of conflict is influenced b
37、y the purpose of his organization(4).The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations_.（分数：0.20）A.decisions must be justifiableB.expression of different opinions is encouragedC.success lies in general agreementD.there is no end of conflict(5).People working in a not-for-profit organization_.（分数
38、：0.20）A.find it easier to reach agreementB.seem to be difficult to satisfyC.are less effective in making decisionsD.are free to express diverse opinions三、Part B Directions: I(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Does the publisher of Douglas Starrs excellent Blood An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce actually expect t
39、o sell many copies? Whoever chose the title, certain to scare off the squeamish, and the subtitle, which makes the effort sound like a dry, dense survey text, has really done this book a disservice. In fact, the brave and curious will enjoy a brightly written, intriguing, and disquieting book, with
40、some important lessons for public health. 66. ( ) The book begins with a historical view on centuries of lore about blood in particular, the belief that blood carried the evil humors of disease and required occasional draining. As recently as the Revolutionary War, bloodletting was Widely applied to
41、 treat fevers. The idea of using one persons blood to heal another is only about 75 years old although rogue scientists had experimented with transfusing animal blood at least as early as the 1600s. The first transfusion experiments involved stitching a donors vein (in early cases the physicians) to
42、 a patients vein. 67. ( ) Sabotaged by notions about the “purity“ of their groupsblood, Japan and Germany lagged well behind the Allies in transfusion science. Once they realized they were losing injured troops the Allies had learned to save, they tried to catch up, conducting horrible and unproduct
43、ive experiments such as draining blood from POWs and injecting them with horse blood or polymers. 68. ( ) During the early mid-1980s, Starr says, 10,000 American hemophiliacs and 12,000 others contracted HIV from transfusions and receipt of blood products. Blood banks both here and abroad moved slow
44、ly to acknowledge the threat of the virus and in some cases even acted with criminal negligence, allowing the distribution of blood they knew was tainted. This is not new material. But Starrs insights add a dimension to a story first explored in the late Randy Shihss And the Bond Played On. 69. ( )
45、Is the blood supply safe now? Screening procedures and technology have gotten much more advanced. Yet its disturbing to read Starrs contention that a person receiving multiple transfusions today has about a 1 in 90,000 chance of contracting HIV far higher than the “one in a million“ figure that bloo
46、d bankers once blithely and falsely quoted. Moreover, new pathogens threaten to emerge and spread through the increasingly high-speed, global blood-product network faster than science can stop them. This prompts Starr to argue that todays blood stores are “simultaneously safer and more threatening“
47、than when distribution was less sophisticated. 70. ( ) A. The massive wartime blood drives laid the groundwork for modem blood-banking, which has saved countless lives. Unfortunately, these developments also set the stage for a great modern tragedy the spread of AIDS through the international blood
48、supply. B. There is so much drama, power, resonance, and important information in this book that it would be a shame if the squeamish were scared off. Perhaps the key lesson is this: The public health must always be guarded against the pressures and pitfalls of competitive markets and human fallibility. C. In his “chronicle of a resource“ , Starr covers an enormous amount of ground. He gives us an account of man
