1、公共英语(五级)14 及答案解析(总分：7.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section II Use of E(总题数：1，分数：1.00)The worry about salt is that it may 【B1】 high blood pressure. Chemically, salt 【B2】 of sodium and chloride ions, both of 【B3】 are common in the human 【B4】 and are important for many physiological and biochemical 【B5】 We not onl
2、y need salt, we are salt; but too 【B6】 may still be bad for us. Although the idea of a 【B7】 between salt and high blood pressure 【B8】 back to 2000 BC, there is still no scientific 【B9】 as to whether this is so or not. One reason for this 【B10】 to agree is that individual salt intake 【B11】 enormously
3、 from day to day, and so reliable measures of intake are hard to come 【B12】 . Those who believe that salt does 【B13】 to high blood pressure point to the high 【B14】 of high blood pressure in countries that eat a very 【B15】 diet. In Japan, for instance, where salted fish is an important part of the di
4、et, high blood pressure and 【B16】 complications are common, 【B17】 among some Amazonian and African tribes, which have a low intake of salt, they are almost 【B18】 . But 【B19】 there is this neat relation between salt intake and the incidence of high blood pressure between countries, it doesnt seem to
5、apply 【B20】 those countries themselves. Studies, for instance, of couples who have a similar salt intake dont show any consistency in how often they develop high blood pressure. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
6、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、Section III Reading(总题数：3，分数：3.00)Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place s
7、uperficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious“ is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller com
8、munity. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and qualit
9、y of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different
10、 style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more ab
11、out crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers.
12、 Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are, also more l
13、ikely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything co
14、nsidered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. （分数：1.00）(1).Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?（分数：0.20）A.Two contrasting views are presented.B.An argument is examined and possible, solutions given.C.Re
15、search results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.D.A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.(2).According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents_.（分数：0.20）A.did not have the same interests as their
16、 neighborsB.could not develop long-standing relationshipsC.tended to be associated with bad behaviorD.usually had more friends(3).One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors（分数：0.20）A.disrupt peoples natural relationsB.make them worry about crimeC.cause the
17、m not to show concern for one anotherD.cause them to be suspicious of each other(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is_.（分数：0.20）A.the better its quality of lifeB.the more similar its interestsC.the more tolerant and open-minded it isD.the likelier it is to display ps
18、ychological symptoms of stress(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：0.20）A.Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers.B.Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.C.The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.D
19、.The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts
20、 spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and dis
21、ease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago. As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate ha
22、s changed in the past and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planets environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a ti
23、me period stretching back hundreds of millions of years. Most important, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turni
24、ng point in human evolution; from the dawn of primates some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists ar
25、gue, it has in some instances been driven by it. The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign global environment that has existed over the past 10,
26、000 years during which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through
27、 dramatic changes in the future even without the influence of human activity. （分数：1.00）(1).Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged_.（分数：0.20）A.to give up his former way of lifeB.to leave the coastal areasC.to follow the ever-shifting vegetationD.to abandon his original se
28、ttlement(2).Earth scientists have come to understand that climate_.（分数：0.20）A.is going through a fundamental changeB.has been getting warmer for 10,000 yearsC.will eventually change from hot to coldD.has gone through periodical changes(3).Scientists believe that human evolution_.（分数：0.20）A.has seldo
29、m been accompanied by climatic changesB.has exerted little influence on climatic changesC.has largely been effected by climatic changesD.has had a major impact on climatic changes(4).Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that_.（分数：0.20）A.human activities have accelerated charges of the Earths
30、environmentB.the Earths environment will remain mild despite human interferenceC.the Earths climate is bound to change significantly in the futureD.the Earths climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future(5).The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that_.（分数：0.20）
31、A.human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changesB.mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climateC.man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming processD.human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes
32、of natureCyberspace, data superhighway, multi media for those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives for ever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological Utopia, little attention has been given to the implications of these develop
33、ments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the “how“, the question of “for whom“ is put aside once again. Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allo
34、ws the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information tech
35、nology allows the haves to increase their control on global markets with destructive impact on the have-nots. For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic mac
36、hine. As “futures“ are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies. So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves so-called “ develo
37、pment communications“ modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries economies. Communications technology is generally exported from the U. S. , Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a f
38、ew industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on credit credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain. Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit
39、it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it. （分数：1.00）(1).From the passage we know that the development of high technology is in the
40、interests of_.（分数：0.20）A.the rich countriesB.scientific developmentC.the eliteD.the world economy(2).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：0.20）A.international trade should be expanded.B.the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough considerationC.the exports of the poor cou
41、ntries should be increasedD.communications technology in developing countries should be modernized(3).Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?（分数：0.20）A.Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.B.
42、Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.C.Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.D.Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.(4).The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may_.（分数：0.20）A.hinde
43、r their industrial productionB.cause them to lose control of their tradeC.force them to reduce their share of exportsD.cost them their economic independence(5).The authors attitude toward the communications revolution is_.（分数：0.20）A.positiveB.criticalC.indifferentD.tolerant三、Part B Directions: I(总题数
44、：1，分数：1.00)Grown-ups, as any child will tell you, are monstrous hypocrites, especially when it comes to television. It is to take their minds off their own telly-addiction that adults are so keen to hear and talk about the latest report on the effects of programs on children. Surely all that nonsens
45、e they watch must be desensitizing them, making them vicious, shallow, acquisitive, less responsible and generally sloppy about life and death. But no, not a scrap of convincing evidence from the sociologists and experts in the psyches of children. For many years now parents, teachers and newspaper
46、editors have been disappointed by the various studies, and sociologists are beginning to fall into disrepute for failing to come up with the desired results. The latest report, “ Popular TV and Schoolchildren“ , perhaps more attuned to the authoritarian times in which we live, assumes greater moral
47、leadership and hands out laurels and wooden spoons to TV shows and asserts, as educators should, the importance of having values. The kids, on the other hand, will no be switching off Kenny Everett now they have been told how sexist and trivial he is. (As if they didnt know! ) 66. ( ) The nation has
48、 lived with the box for more than 30 years now and has passed from total infatuation revived temporarily by the advent of colour to the present casual obsession which is not unlike that of the well-adjusted alcoholic. And now the important and pleasant truth is breaking, to the horror of program makers and their detractors alike, that television really does not affect much at all. 67. ( ) And if TV imparts little bad, there is no
