1、翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 20 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：100.00)The fact that most Americans live in urban areas does not mean that they reside in the center of large cities. In fact, more Americans live in the suburbs of large metropolitan areas than in the cities themselves. T
2、he Bureau of the Census regards any area with more than 2,500 people as an urban area, and does not consider boundaries of cities and suburbs. According to the Bureau, the political boundaries are less significant than the social and economic relationships and the transportation and communication sy
3、stems that integrate a locale. The term used by the Bureau for an integrated metropolis is an MSA, which stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area. In general, an MSA is any area that contains a city and its surrounding suburbs and has a total population of 50,000 or more. At the present time, the Bu
4、reau reports more than 280 MSAs, which together account for 75 percent of the US population. In addition, the Bureau recognizes 18 megapolises, that is, continuous adjacent metropolitan areas. One of the most obvious megapolises includes a chain of hundreds of cities and suburbs across 10 states on
5、the East Coast from Massachusetts to Virginia, including Boston, New York, and Washington, D. C. In the Eastern Corridor, as it is called, a population of 45 million inhabitants is concentrated. Another megapolis that is growing rapidly is the California coast from San Francisco through Los Angeles
6、to San Diego.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Metropolitan Statistical AreasB.Types of Population CentersC.The Bureau of the CensusD.Megapolises(2).According to the passage, where do most Americans live?（分数：2.00）A.In the center of cities.B.In the subu
7、rbs surrounding large cities.C.In rural areas.D.In small towns.(3).The underlined word “reside“ in Paragraph I is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.fillB.decideC.occupyD.live(4).According to the Bureau of the Census, what is an urban area?（分数：2.00）A.A chain of adjacent cities.B.An area with at leas
8、t 50,000 people.C.The 18 largest cities.D.An area with 2,500 people or more.(5).Which of the following are NOT considered important in defining an urban area?（分数：2.00）A.Political boundaries.B.Transportation networks.C.Social relationships.D.Economic systems.(6).The underlined word “integrate“ in Par
9、agraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.benefitB.defineC.uniteD.restrict(7).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.An integrated metropolis is an MSA.B.MSA stands for Metropolitan Statistical Area.C.A metropolis includes at least a metropolitan.D.An MSA refers to city and its suburbs,
10、with over 50,000 people.(8).The underlined word “adjacent“ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.beside each otherB.growing very fastC.the same sizeD.densely populated(9).According to the passage, what is a megapolis?（分数：2.00）A.One of the 10 largest cities in the United States.
11、B.One of the 18 largest cities in the United States.C.One of the 100 cities between Boston and Washington.D.Any number of continuous adjacent cities and suburbs.(10).Why does the author mention the Eastern Corridor and the California coast in Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.As examples of megapolises.B.Becau
12、se 75 percent of the population lives there.C.To conclude the passage.D.The Bureau of the Census is located there.“What does the middleman do but add to the price of goods in the shops?“ Such remarks are aimed at the intermediate operations between manufacturers and final customers. This practice us
13、ually attracts a lot of attention from the public and the press and the operation most talked about is what is often called wholesaling. The wholesaler buys goods in large quantities from the manufacturers and sells them in smaller parcels to retailers, and for this service his selling price to the
14、retailer is raised several percent higher. But his job is made more difficult by retail demand not necessarily running level with manufacturers“ production. Because he adjusts or regulates the flow of goods by holding stock until required, he frees the manufacturer, to some extent, from the effect o
15、n production of changing demand and having to bear the whole risk. The manufacturer can then keep up a steady production flow, and the retailer has no need to hold heavy stocks, who can call on the wholesaler for supplies any time. This wholesale function is like that of a valve in a water pipe. The
16、 middleman also bears part of the risk that would otherwise fall on the manufacturer and also the retailer. The wholesaler provides a purely commercial service, for which he is too well rewarded. But the point that is missed by many people is that the wholesaler is not just someone adding to the cos
17、t of goods. It is true one could eliminate the wholesaler but one would still be left with his function: that of making sure that goods find their way to the people who want them.（分数：20.00）(1).“Middleman“ in the passage almost equals to all the following in meaning EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.go-betweenB.in
18、termediaryC.manufacturerD.wholesaler(2).“This practice“ in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to the fact that the middleman _.（分数：2.00）A.increases the prices in the shopsB.buys from you and sells to meC.aims remarks at manufacturersD.interferes with end user customers(3).The wholesaler obtains higher
19、 selling prices for _.（分数：2.00）A.small parcels he sellsB.goods he buys in bulkC.the service he providesD.the information he offers(4).A middleman“s work may become difficult because _.（分数：2.00）A.manufacturers run their production on a much higher levelB.market demand may not be the same as industria
20、l productionC.retailers are not necessary in running their retailing businessD.retailers demand lower levels than those demanded by manufacturers(5).The wholesaler regulates the flow of goods by _.（分数：2.00）A.running level with manufacturers“ productionB.holding down stock of commoditiesC.keeping sto
21、ck for stronger demandD.adjusting the prices of goods in time(6).The middleman relieves the producer of _.（分数：2.00）A.fluctuating market demand and staying at riskB.the production of commodities for the retail marketC.some extent of production of changing demandD.storing goods in a warehouse until th
22、ey are needed(7).What function of the wholesaler is compared to a valve?（分数：2.00）A.Controlling the flow of goodsB.Pushing up demand from retailersC.Bearing part of the risk for manufacturersD.Selling goods to retailers(8).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.People cannot do without
23、the wholesaler“s functionB.The function of the wholesaler does not add to the cost of goodsC.The wholesaler helps to reduce the price of goods in shopsD.The wholesaler is well paid for his commercial service(9).The author quite possibly believes that the function of the wholesaler is _.（分数：2.00）A.go
24、od but too costlyB.necessary but harmfulC.removable but necessaryD.acceptable but unnecessary(10).Which of the following titles is most appropriate for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The Greedy WholesalersB.The Wholesalers in the Public EyeC.A Retail Market with WholesalersD.Can We Do without the Wholesale
25、r?Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages. People once thought of the languages of backwa
26、rd groups as undeveloped. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward“ languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards,
27、extremely complexThey differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical struetures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to
28、 be notedFirst, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiting names and distinctions in “backwar
29、d“ languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this“ and “that“). But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person a
30、ddressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.（分数：20.00）(1).Every group of human beings has _.（分数：2.00）A.its own set of ideas, beliefs and ways of lifeB.an extremely complex and delicate languageC.its own elegant music, literature，and other artsD.the process of gr
31、owing crops or raising animals(2).To the professional linguists, _.（分数：2.00）A.there is no intrinsic superiority of culturesB.there is no intrinsic hierarchy of languagesC.all languages came from grunts and groansD.all languages are most severe and standard(3).Most languages of uncivilized groups are
32、 _.（分数：2.00）A.adequateB.numerousC.ingeniousD.ingenuous(4).“Backward“ languages fall behind Western languages in _.（分数：2.00）A.structuresB.vocabulariesC.written formsD.sound patterns(5).All languages, whether civilized or not, have their own _.（分数：2.00）A.ways to transfer ideasB.forms to satisfy needsC
33、.abilities to answer descriptionD.systems to expand vocabulary(6).Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Anthropologists have nothing to do with linguists.B.Linguists have nothing to do with anthropologists.C.The study of languages casts light upon the study of cultur
34、es.D.The study of cultures casts no light upon the study of languages.(7).It is implied that all cultures have to be viewed _.（分数：2.00）A.profoundlyB.intrinsicallyC.independentlyD.professionally(8).According to this passage, to learn a foreign language would require one to _.（分数：2.00）A.do more activi
35、tiesB.learn about a new cultureC.meet more peopleD.need more names(9).The author“s attitude shown in this passage, toward “backward“ languages is _.（分数：2.00）A.restrainedB.subjectiveC.objectiveD.resolute(10).This passage is on the whole _.（分数：2.00）A.narrativeB.instructiveC.prescriptiveD.argumentative
36、The field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks and charlatansdisreputable women and men with little or no medical knowledge who promise quick cures at cheap prices. The reasons why quackery thrives even in modern times are easy to find. To begin with, pain seems to be a chronic human
37、 condition. A person whose body or mind “hurts“ will often pay any amount of money for the promise of relief. Second, even the best medical treatment cannot cure all the ills that beset men and women. People who mistrust or dislike the truths that their physicians tell them often turn to more sympat
38、hetic ears. Many people lack the training necessary to evaluate medical claims. Given the choice between (a) a reputable physician who says a cure for cancer will be long, expensive and may not work at all, and (b) a salesperson who says that several bottles of a secret formula “snake oil“ will cure
39、 not only cancer but tuberculosis as well, some individuals will opt for “snake oil“ Many “snake oil“ remedies are highly laced with alcohol or narcotic drugs. Anyone who drinks them may get so drunk or stoned that they drown their pains in the rising tide of pleasant intoxication. Little wonder tha
40、t “snake oil“ is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts! But let there be no misunderstandings. A very few “home remedies“ actually work. However, most remedies sold by quacks are not only useless, but often can be harmful as well.（分数：20.00）(1).In this passage, a quack or a charlatan is someon
41、e who _.（分数：2.00）A.has a special abilityB.has little knowledgeC.is not a good doctorD.pretends to be a doctor(2).The sentence “pain seems to be a chronic human condition“ means pain seems to _.（分数：2.00）A.be very seriousB.be very difficultC.last for a long timeD.be always happening(3).Quackery thrive
42、s even in modern times because _.（分数：2.00）A.patients pay any amount of moneyB.patients do not like their physiciansC.quacks say that they can help patientsD.best medical treatment costs very much(4).People who seek the advice of quacks and charlatans are those who _.（分数：2.00）A.are poorly educatedB.a
43、re highly educatedC.dislike medical treatmentsD.mistrust physicians“ truths(5).To evaluate medical claims, one must _.（分数：2.00）A.turn to reputable doctorsB.make an adequate choiceC.have the necessary trainingD.disbelieve promise of relief(6).According to the author, a very few home remedies are _.（分
44、数：2.00）A.uselessB.harmfulC.pleasantD.effective(7).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Quacks are really sympathetic.B.“Snake oil“ does not work.C.Doctors cannot cure all ills.D.Patients are often impatient.(8).Many individuals opt for “snake oil“ because they _.（分数：2.00）A.are mi
45、sled by a secret formulaB.cannot afford a treatmentC.lack medical knowledgeD.do not trust physicians(9).“Snake oil“ is a popular cure-all for minor aches and hurts because it has _.（分数：2.00）A.actually workedB.some fruit stonesC.been misunderstoodD.alcohol or narcotic drugs(10).Which of the following
46、 would be the best title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Distrust of PhysiciansB.Medical TreatmentC.Snake Oil RemediesD.Guard Against QuackeryModern industrial society grants little status to old people. In fact, such a society has a system of built-in obsolescence. There is no formal system for continui
47、ng our education throughout our life in order to keep up with rapidly changing knowledge. When our education and job skills have grown obsolete, we are treated exactly like those who have never gained an education or job skills and are not encouraged or given the opportunity to begin anew. As a soci
48、ety becomes more highly developed, the overall status of older people diminishes. Improved health technology creates a large pool of old people, who compete for jobs with the young. However, economic technology lowers the demand for workers and creates new jobs for which the skills of the aged are o
49、bsolete, forcing older people into retirement. At the same time, young people are being educated in the new technology and are keeping pace with rapid changes in knowledge. Finally, urbanization creates age-segregated neighborhoods. Because the old live on fixed incomes, they must often live in inferior housing. All these factorsretirement, obsolete knowledge and skills, inferior standards of livinglower the status of the aged in society. A century
