1、翻译二级笔译实务模拟 28 及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English-Ch(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Compulsory Translati(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollan
2、dism in waterand to chart a new course. They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the conseque
3、nces in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes. Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past t
4、hree decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers. What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity.
5、With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinkingespecially in some of the poorest countries. Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was
6、based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability. Across the world, water-based ecological systemsrivers, lakes and watershedshave been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainabili
7、ty by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation. We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there“s no tomorrowand that means using it more efficiently at levels that do no
8、t destroy our environment. The buzz-phrase at the Mexico Water forum is “integrated water resource management.“ What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest. （分数：30.00）_三、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：20
9、.00)2.能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。 过去 100 多年里，发达国家先后完成了工业化，消耗了地球上大量的自然资源，特别是能源资源。当前，一些发展中国家正在步入工业化阶段，能源消费增加是经济社会发展的客观必然。 中国是当今世界上最大的发展中国家，发展经济，摆脱贫困，是中国政府和中国人民在相当长一段时期内的主要任务。20 世纪 70 年代末以来，中国作为世界上发展最快的发展中国家，经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就，成功地开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，为
10、世界的发展和繁荣做出了重大贡献。 中国是目前世界上第二位能源生产国和消费国。能源供应持续增长，为经济社会发展提供了重要的支撑。能源消费的快速增长，为世界能源市场创造了广阔的发展空间。中国已经成为世界能源市场不可或缺的重要组成部分，对维护全球能源安全，正在发挥着越来越重要的积极作用。 （分数：20.00）_翻译二级笔译实务模拟 28 答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English-Ch(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Compulsory Translati(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.This week and next, governments,
11、international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in waterand to chart a new course. They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico Ci
12、ty stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes. Every region of the world has its own variant of
13、 the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers. What is driving the global water crisis?
14、 Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinkingespecially in some of the poorest coun
15、tries. Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sus
16、tainability. Across the world, water-based ecological systemsrivers, lakes and watershedshave been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation. We need a new model of water management for the 21st centu
17、ry. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there“s no tomorrowand that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz-phrase at the Mexico Water forum is “integrated water resource management.“ What it means is that governments ne
18、ed to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest. （分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：本周，世界水论坛在墨西哥城开幕，论坛将一直持续到下周。来自政府、国际机构和非政府组织的代表们齐聚一堂，探讨全球用水遗留问题，共商未来用水大计。 会议选址墨西哥城再合适不过。墨西哥城地下蓄水层的开采速度是地下水补给速度的 2 倍，由此造成墨西哥城以 10 年 50 厘米的速度不断下沉，现在，这里的许多教堂出现裂隙，艺术宫日益倾斜，水管和排污
19、管道开裂。 世界上每个地区都面临水危机，只不过表现形式不同而已。在过去 30 年间，印度和巴基斯坦的部分地区大肆开采地下水用于农业灌溉，致使水位下降了 30 米，开采成本随之升高，给当地贫苦农民的生计带来严重影响。 全球水危机的成因是什么?部分原因是实际可用水资源短缺。水不同于石油或煤炭，是一种无限可再生资源，但是可用水资源却十分有限。目前，用水增加速度是人口增速的 2 倍，人均可用水资源在不断减少，一些最不发达国家尤其如此。 一些国家的实际可用水资源确实存在严重短缺的问题，不过水危机的发生还有其深层次的原因。20 世纪的水资源管理模式存在问题：人们想当然地认为，水资源取之不竭，用之不尽，是一
20、种免费资源，人们用水毫无节制，随意修建水坝或开展调水工程，根本意识不到水资源短缺的问题，也不考虑这种用水模式是否具有可持续性。 世界各地的决策者对过度开采水资源可能产生的后果视而不见、不管不问，现在江河湖泊等水生态系统都遭到严重破坏，可持续性开始受到威胁。 在 21 世纪，我们必须改变这种水资源管理模式。如何加以改变呢?首先，我们必须摒弃这种“有今没明”、短视自利的用水模式，提高用水效率，避免对环境造成破坏。本次墨西哥水论坛的主要议题是“水资源综合管理”，旨在敦促各国政府综合管理不同用水需求，从公共利益出发合理利用宝贵的水资源。三、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：20.
21、00)2.能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。 过去 100 多年里，发达国家先后完成了工业化，消耗了地球上大量的自然资源，特别是能源资源。当前，一些发展中国家正在步入工业化阶段，能源消费增加是经济社会发展的客观必然。 中国是当今世界上最大的发展中国家，发展经济，摆脱贫困，是中国政府和中国人民在相当长一段时期内的主要任务。20 世纪 70 年代末以来，中国作为世界上发展最快的发展中国家，经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就，成功地开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，为世
22、界的发展和繁荣做出了重大贡献。 中国是目前世界上第二位能源生产国和消费国。能源供应持续增长，为经济社会发展提供了重要的支撑。能源消费的快速增长，为世界能源市场创造了广阔的发展空间。中国已经成为世界能源市场不可或缺的重要组成部分，对维护全球能源安全，正在发挥着越来越重要的积极作用。 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：译文一 Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Over the entire history of mankind, each and every significa
23、nt step in the progress of human civilization has been accompanied by energy innovations and substitutions. The development and utilization of energy has enormously boosted the development of the world economy and human society. Over more than 100 years in the past, developed countries have complete
24、d their industrialization, consuming an enormous quantity of natural resources, especially energy resources, in the process. Today, some developing countries are ushering in their own era of industrialization, and an increase of energy consumption is inevitable for their economic and social developm
25、ent. China is the largest developing country in the world, and developing its economy and eliminating poverty will, for a long time to come, remain the main tasks for the Chinese government and the Chinese people. Since the late 1970s, China, as the fastest growing developing country, has scored bri
26、lliant achievements in its economy and society that have attracted worldwide attention, successfully blazed the trail of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and made significant contributions to world development and prosperity. China is now the world“s second-largest energy producer and consume
27、r. The sustained growth of energy supply has provided an important support for the country“s economic growth and social progress, while the rapid expansion of energy consumption has created a vast scope for the global energy market. As an irreplaceable component of the world energy market, China pla
28、ys an increasingly important role in maintaining global energy security. 译文二 Energy serves as a crucial material/physical basis that sustains the human society. If we look at how the human society has evolved and prospered, we will understand that revolutionary energy upgrading has accompanied major
29、 human progress every step of the way. Energy development and exploitation has played a key role in driving the world economy and human society forward./has given a strong boost to global socio-economic development. The past century and more has seen developed countries get fully industrialized at t
30、he cost/expense of enormous natural resources, particularly energy sources that our planet has to offer. At this point, some developing countries are in the midst of industrialization where increases in energy consumption are part of what it takes to boost their economies and improve social well-bei
31、ng. As the largest developing economy in the world, China has a long, hard journey to go before the government and the people can eventually shake off poverty through economic expansion. China has emerged as the fastest-growing economy since the late 1970s, impressing the world with enviable/remarka
32、ble/measurable/visible socio-economic gains. China has also identified the road to socialism with distinctive Chinese features along the way. As such, China has contributed a great deal/also emerged as a great contributor to development and prosperity of the world. China represents the world“s secon
33、d largest energy producer and consumer. Rising energy supply serves as a strong underpinner for socio-economic development in China, while rapid increases in energy use promise a huge market potential for energy producers worldwide. As an integral part of/indispensable part of the world energy market, China is becoming increasingly crucial/instrumental/pivotal/essential to global energy security.
