1、翻译二级笔译实务-6 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Engli(总题数：2，分数：60.00)1.For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. In the less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pesticid
2、es have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. They have been recovered from most of the major river systems and even from streams of groundwater flowing unseen through the earth. Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to w
3、hich they may have been applied a dozen years before. They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. They have
4、been found in fish in remote mountain lakes, in earthworms burrowing in soil, in the eggs of birdsand in man himself. For these chemicals are now stored in the bodies of the vast majority of human beings, regardless of age. They occur in the mothers milk, and probably in the tissues of the unborn ch
5、ild. All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. This industry is a child of the Second World War. In the course of developing agents of chemical warfare, some of the chemi
6、cals created in the laboratory were found to be lethal to insects. The discovery did not come by chance: insects were widely used to test chemicals as agents of death for man. The result has been a seemingly endless stream of synthetic insecticides. What sets the new synthetic insecticides apart is
7、their enormous biological potency. They have immense power not merely to poison but to enter into the most vital processes of the body and change them in sinister and often deadly ways. Thus, as we shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect the body from harm, they block t
8、he oxidation processes from which the body receives its energy, they prevent the normal functioning of various organs, and they may initiate in certain cells the slow and irreversible change that leads to malignancy.（分数：30.00）_2.The theory of evolution by natural selection was put forward in the 185
9、0s independently by two men. One was Charles Darwin; the other was Alfred Russel Wallace. Both men had some scientific background, of course, but at heart both men were naturalists. Darwin had been a medical student at Edinburgh University for two years, before his father who was a wealthy doctor pr
10、oposed that he might become a clergyman and sent him to Cambridge. Wallace, whose parents were poor and who had left school at 14, had followed courses at Working Mens Institutes in London and Leicester as a surveyors apprentice and pupil teacher. The fact is that there are two traditions of explana
11、tion that march side by side in the ascent of man. One is the analysis of the physical structure of the world. The other is the study of the processes of life: their delicacy, their diversity, the wavering cycles from life to death in the individual and in the species. And these traditions do not co
12、me together until the theory of evolution; because until then there is a paradox which cannot be resolved, which cannot be begun, about life. The paradox of the life sciences, which makes them different in kind from physical science, is in the detail of nature everywhere. We see it about us in the b
13、irds, the trees, the grass, the snails, in every living thing. It is this, the manifestations of life, its expressions, its forms, are so diverse that they must contain a large element of the accidental. And yet the nature of life is so uniform that it must be constrained by many necessities. So it
14、is not surprising that biology as we understand it begins with naturalists in the 18th and 19th centuries: observers of the countryside, bird-watchers, clergymen, doctors, gentlemen of leisure in country houses. I am tempted to call them, simply, “gentlemen in Victorian England “, because it cannot
15、be an accident that the theory of evolution is conceived twice by two men living at the same time in the same culturethe culture of Queen Victoria in England.（分数：30.00）_二、BSection Chine(总题数：2，分数：40.00)3.中国等发展中国家向美国提了大量价廉物美的商品，是美国传统制造业腾出财 力物力用于发展高新技术。这加快了美国工业的升级换代，推进了美国产业结构的优化，使美国及时摆脱传统工业的束缚，保持了它在世界经
16、济中的领先地位。因此，中国的出口不会威胁美国的经济。 在中国扩大出口的同时，进口也在快速增长。实际上，美国产品早已进人中国百姓的日常生活。现在，不少中国人乘坐的是波音飞机，开的是别克轿车，看的是美国电影，穿的是苹果牌牛仔裤，喝的是可口可乐，用的是摩托罗拉手机和 IBM电脑，而电脑里运行的是微软软件。 中国进出口能力的不断提高为包括美国经济在内的世界经济做出了积极贡献。（分数：20.00）_4.阿尔伯特爱因斯坦(Albert Einstein)出生于德国南部的一个犹太中产阶级家庭。母亲非常喜欢音乐。爱因斯坦受她的影响很大。她鼓励小爱因斯坦对小提琴和古典音乐的爱好。他的父亲，一位工程师，对爱因斯坦
17、的影响甚微。不过，是他送给了他五岁儿子那个著名的玩具指南针，促发了小爱因斯坦的第一次“思想试验”：玩具中的针为什么总是指向北? 爱因斯坦后来成为一位伟大的物理学家。他是那个科学独领风骚的世纪的著名科学家。那个时代的一些标志性科研成果，如原子弹、量子物理学以及电子学，无不带有他的烙印。即使现在，科学家们仍为广义相对论表现出的胆识所折服。他们认为他的思想已超出了科学范围，影响着从绘画到诗歌的现代文化。（分数：20.00）_翻译二级笔译实务-6 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Engli(总题数：2，分数：60.00)1.For the first time
18、 in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. In the less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that the
19、y occur virtually everywhere. They have been recovered from most of the major river systems and even from streams of groundwater flowing unseen through the earth. Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. They have entered and lodged in the
20、bodies of fish, birds, reptiles, and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. They have been found in fish in remote mountain lakes, in earthworms burrowing in soil, in the eggs
21、of birdsand in man himself. For these chemicals are now stored in the bodies of the vast majority of human beings, regardless of age. They occur in the mothers milk, and probably in the tissues of the unborn child. All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an indust
22、ry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. This industry is a child of the Second World War. In the course of developing agents of chemical warfare, some of the chemicals created in the laboratory were found to be lethal to insects. The discovery did not c
23、ome by chance: insects were widely used to test chemicals as agents of death for man. The result has been a seemingly endless stream of synthetic insecticides. What sets the new synthetic insecticides apart is their enormous biological potency. They have immense power not merely to poison but to ent
24、er into the most vital processes of the body and change them in sinister and often deadly ways. Thus, as we shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect the body from harm, they block the oxidation processes from which the body receives its energy, they prevent the normal fu
25、nctioning of various organs, and they may initiate in certain cells the slow and irreversible change that leads to malignancy.（分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：现在人类的每一个成员，从妊娠之初到寿终正寝，都在被迫接触危险的化学制品，在世界历史上还是头一次出现这种情况。在使用合成杀虫剂的不到 20 年的时间里，杀虫剂在生物界和非生物界广泛使用，结果弄得到处都是。各大水系大都含有这种杀虫剂，就连看不见的在地下流动的暗流里也能找到。这些化学制品可能是 10 多年前施用
26、的，但至今仍有残余留在土壤里。这些化学制品广泛进入鱼、鸟、爬虫、家养的动物、野生动物，并停留在其体内，使得做动物实验的科学家要想找到未受污染的实验对象几乎是不可能的。已经发现这种化学制品存在于偏僻山间、湖泊里的鱼身上，存在于松土的蚯蚓身上，存在于鸟蛋里地甚至存在于人身上。因为现在绝大多数人，不论年龄，体内都存有这种化学制品。母亲的乳汁里也有，未出世的婴儿的组织里可能 也有。 这些情况之所以产生，是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展，这一产业专门生产具有杀虫效力的人造或合成化学制品。这一产业是第二次世界大战的产物。在研制用于化学战的制剂的过程中，发现实验室里产生的某些化学品具有杀虫的作用。这也不是偶
27、然发现的：为研制杀人制剂而进行的化学实验中曾广泛地使用昆虫。 结果是各种合成杀虫剂似乎层出不穷。 新的合成杀虫剂的特殊之处在于它们具有强大的生物功能。它们的能量很大，不但能释放毒性，还能进入肌体内最重要的过程，并使之发生有害的，而且往往是致命的变化。就这样，我们将会看到，它们能破坏酶，而酶的功能是保护肌体免受伤害；它们能阻碍氧化作用，而氧化作用是肌体获得能量的源泉；它们能妨害各个器官正常发挥作用；它们还可能在某些细胞里引起缓慢的无法恢复的变化，最终导致癌变。 采分点解析 1For the first time in the history of the world, every human b
28、eing is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death. 现在人类的每一个成员，从妊娠之初到寿终正寝，都在被迫接触危险的化学制品，在世界历史上还是头一次出现这种情况。分析 用词选词采分点。 subjectto指“使遭受到”。conception 指“概念，观念；妊娠”。介词短语 from the moment of conception until death 放在句子的开头最先翻译，即，“从妊娠之初到寿终正寝”。 2In the less than
29、 two decades of their use. the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere. 在使用合成杀虫剂的不到 20 年的时间里，杀虫剂在生物界和非生物界广泛使用，结果弄得到处都是。 分析 用词选词采分点。 在翻译 their use 时要把 synthetic pesticides 补充进去，以使意思更易理解，译成“使用合成杀虫剂”。synthe
30、tic 指“合成的”。 3Residues of these chemicals linger in soil to which they may have been applied a dozen years before. 这些化学制品可能是 10 多年前施用的，但至今仍有残余留在土壤里。 分析 用词选词采分点。 定语从句的翻译。residue 指“残余，剩余物”。linger 指“徘徊，逗留”，但根据其后面所跟的“土壤”，该词应引申翻译为“残存，存留”。 4They have entered and lodged in the bodies of fish，birds，reptiles，
31、and domestic and wild animals so universally that scientists carrying on animal experiments find it almost impossible to locate subjects free from such contamination. 这些化学制品广泛进入鱼、鸟、爬虫、家养的动物、野生动物，并停留在其体内，使得做动物实验的科学家要想找到未受污染的实验对象几乎是不可能的。 分析 用词选词采分点。 lodge指“容纳，寄存，沉积”，此处应选择“沉淀，沉积”的含义。universally 是“非常普遍地
32、”的意思。free from such contamination 指“免于污染，没有受过污染的”。 5All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties. 这些情况之所以产生，是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展，这一产业专门生产具有杀虫效力的人造或合成化学制品。 分析 理解结构采分点。用断句法翻译这个简单句。
33、All this has come about because of the sudden rise and prodigious growth of an industry 翻译为“这些情况之所以产生，是因为一种产业突然出现并迅速发展”。后面的短语部分 for the production of man-made or synthetic chemicals with insecticidal properties增加主语 an industry 翻译成另一句话，即，“这一产业专门生产具有杀虫效力的人造或合成化学制品”。come about 意为“发生，产生，发生转向”。prodigious
34、 指“庞大的，异常的”。prodigious growth指“大量发展”，引申为“迅速发展”。Property 在通常我们常见的含义中有“财产，所有物”等。在这里应该选用其另外一个含义“性能，功能”。 6This industry is a child of the Second World War. 这一产业是第二次世界大战的产物。 分析 用词选词采分点。 短语 child of sth./sb.指“某人或某物的孩子”。这里主语是事件，那么应该是说这一结果是某一事件的产物，即“这一工业是二战的产物”。 7What sets the new synthetic insecticides apa
35、rt is their enormous biological potency.新的合成杀虫剂的特殊之处在于它们具有强大的生物功能。 分析 理解结构采分点。 本句为一个主语从句。what sets the new synthetic insecticides apart是本句的主语。相当于 the thing which sets the new synthetic insecticides apart；set sth./sb. apart 指“使分离，使分开，留出时间，金钱”等。这里表示“区分”，应指新的杀虫剂和旧的杀虫剂，即，新杀虫剂所具备的不同以往产品的特点。 8Thus, as we
36、shall see, they destroy the very enzymes whose function is to protect the body from harm, they block the oxidation processes from which the body receives its energy，they prevent the normal functioning of various organs，and they may initiate in certain cells the slow and irreversible change that lead
37、s to malignancy. 就这样，我们将会看到，它们能破坏酶，而酶的功能是保护肌体免受伤害；它们能阻碍氧化作用，而氧化作用是肌体获得能量的源泉；它们能妨害各个器官正常发挥作用；它们还可能在某些细胞里引起缓慢的无法恢复的变化，最终导致癌变。 分析 理解结构采分点。 该句主要结构是：they destroy; they preventand they block; they may initiate 后面分别跟了定语从句。翻译的时候可以用断句法翻译，从句部分翻译成具有解释功能的同位语。从句 whose function is to protect the body from harm 译成
38、“酶的功能是保护肌体免受伤害”。from which the body receives its energy 译成“氧化作用是肌体获得能量的源泉”。that leads to malignancy 译成“最终导致癌变”。malignant 指“恶意的，有伤害的；恶性的，致死的(疾病等)”，因此这里可以将其引申为“导致癌变”。2.The theory of evolution by natural selection was put forward in the 1850s independently by two men. One was Charles Darwin; the other
39、was Alfred Russel Wallace. Both men had some scientific background, of course, but at heart both men were naturalists. Darwin had been a medical student at Edinburgh University for two years, before his father who was a wealthy doctor proposed that he might become a clergyman and sent him to Cambrid
40、ge. Wallace, whose parents were poor and who had left school at 14, had followed courses at Working Mens Institutes in London and Leicester as a surveyors apprentice and pupil teacher. The fact is that there are two traditions of explanation that march side by side in the ascent of man. One is the a
41、nalysis of the physical structure of the world. The other is the study of the processes of life: their delicacy, their diversity, the wavering cycles from life to death in the individual and in the species. And these traditions do not come together until the theory of evolution; because until then t
42、here is a paradox which cannot be resolved, which cannot be begun, about life. The paradox of the life sciences, which makes them different in kind from physical science, is in the detail of nature everywhere. We see it about us in the birds, the trees, the grass, the snails, in every living thing.
43、It is this, the manifestations of life, its expressions, its forms, are so diverse that they must contain a large element of the accidental. And yet the nature of life is so uniform that it must be constrained by many necessities. So it is not surprising that biology as we understand it begins with
44、naturalists in the 18th and 19th centuries: observers of the countryside, bird-watchers, clergymen, doctors, gentlemen of leisure in country houses. I am tempted to call them, simply, “gentlemen in Victorian England “, because it cannot be an accident that the theory of evolution is conceived twice
45、by two men living at the same time in the same culturethe culture of Queen Victoria in England.（分数：30.00）_正确答案：()解析：自然选择进化论在十九世纪五十年代分别由两个人提出。一位是查尔斯?达尔文，另一位是艾尔弗雷德塞尔华莱士。这两个人当然都具有一定的科学背景，但实际上他们都是博物学家。达尔文曾在爱丁堡大学攻读医学两年，后来他的父亲，一个有钱的医生，建议他当牧师，并送他上剑桥大学。华莱士家境贫寒，14 岁辍学，后来在给一位测量员当学徒和当小学老师时，他曾在伦敦和莱斯特的工人学院听课。事实上
46、，关于人类的进化有两种长期形成的解释方法共存。一种是对世界的自然结构进行分析。另一种是对生命的过程进行研究，研究其微妙处，研究其多样性，研究个体和物种从生到死起伏不定的周期。这两种方法直到进化论出现时才合二为一，这是因为在那以前关于生命存在着一种自相矛盾的现象无法解决，甚至无从解决。 这种自相矛盾的现象使得生命科学与自然科学具有实质性的区别。这种现象存在于自然界的细微之处，无处不在。在我们周围的鸟、树、草、蜗牛身上，在任何生物身上，都可以看到这种现象。情况是这样的。生命的表现形式，它表现出来的样子，它的外貌如此千差万别，可见它们必定包含着很大的偶然性。而生命的本质又是如此一致，因此它又必定受到
47、许多必然性的制约。 由此看来，我们所了解的生物学始于十八、十九世纪的博物学家也就不足为奇了。这些博物学家包括在乡间注意观察的人、观鸟者、牧师、医生、乡间宅院里的有闲人士。我禁不住要把他们简单地称为“维多利亚时代的英国绅士”，因为两位先生生活在同一时代，从属于同一种文化维多利亚女王时代的英国文化分别认识了进化论，这不可能是偶然的。 采分点解析 1Darwin had been a medical student. at Edinburgh University for two years, before his father who was a wealthy doctor proposed that he might become a clergyman and sent him to Cambridge. 达尔文曾在爱丁堡大学攻读医学两年，后来他的父亲，一个有钱的医生，建议他当牧师，并送他上剑桥大学。 分析 理解结构采分点。 that 引导的宾语从句的主语是由 who 引导的定语从句。要先把做主语的定语从句翻译出来，从句 who was a wealthy doctor译成“他的父亲”的同位语，“一个有钱的医生”。 2The fact is that there are two traditions of explanation that march
