1、翻译二级笔译实务-22 及答案解析(总分：81.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English-Ch(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A Compulsory Tr(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.The first outline of The Ascent of Man was written in July 1969 and the last foot of film was shot in December 1972. An undertaking as large as this, though wonderfully exhilarating, is n
2、ot entered lightly. It demands an unflagging intellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for instance, I had to put off researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explain what moved me to do so. There has been a deep change
3、 in the temper of science in the last 20 years: the focus of attention has shifted from the physical to the life sciences. As a result, science is drawn more and more to the study of individuality. But the interested spectator is hardly aware yet how far-reaching the effect is in changing the image
4、of man that science moulds. As a mathematician trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age. I owe a debt for the good fortune that carried me into two seminal fields of science in one lifetime; and though I do not
5、 know to whom the debt is due, I conceived The Ascent of Man in gratitude to repay it. The invitation to me from the British Broadcasting Corporation was to present the development of science in a series of television programmes to match those of Lord Clark on Civilisation. Television is an admirabl
6、e medium for exposition in several ways: powerful and immediate to the eye, able to take the spectator bodily into the places and processes that are described, and conversational enough to make him conscious that what he witnesses are not events but the actions of people. The last of these merits is
7、 to my mind the most cogent, and it weighed most with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the form of television essays. The point is that knowledge in general and science in particular does not consist of abstract but of man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its mod
8、em and idiosyncratic models. Therefore the underlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise early and in the simplest cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties. And the development of science which joins them in more and more complex conjunctions must be seen to be equally h
9、uman: discoveries are made by men, not merely by minds, so that they are alive and charged with individuality. If television is not used to make these thoughts concrete, it is wasted.（分数：30.00）_三、Part B Choice of Two(总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August
10、, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company. “ Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,“ McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the f
11、irst time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. A
12、nd McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent bus
13、iness environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous
14、boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the mos
15、t attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Kom/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first. “Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen
16、Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Cifigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three yea
17、rs later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inverted,“ says one headhunter. “The people w
18、hove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long. /（分数：25.00）_四、Section Chinese-En(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Part A Compulsory Tr(总题数：1，分数：1.00)3.矿产资源是自然资源的重要组成部分，是人类社会发展的重要物质基础。中国是世界上最早开发利用矿产资源的国家之一。过去 50年来，中国在矿产资源勘探开发方面取得巨大成就。这为中国经济的持续、快速、健康发展提供了重要保障。中国政府高度重视可持续发展和矿产资源的合理利用，把可持续发展确定为国家战略，把保护资源作为可持续发
19、展战略的重要内容。中国是一个人口众多、资源相对不足的发展中国家。中国主要依靠本国的矿产资源来保障现代化建设的需要。同时，中国又积极引进国外资本和技术开发中国矿产资源，利用国外市场与国外矿产资源，并努力推动中国矿山企业和矿产品进入国际市场。（分数：1.00）_六、Part B Choice of Two(总题数：1，分数：25.00)4.如果你是那种看着别人的生活就羡慕，对自己的生活提不起精神的人，也许你需要把握生活，做些改变。很多人每天从早到晚做同样的事情，对现状感到非常满足并很快乐。但是，如果你觉得自己的潜能被浪费，内心深处渴望更活跃刺激的生活，你就需要采取一些积极的行动。你会觉得如果你处在
20、另一种环境，你肯定会掌握好局面，为更宏大目标而努力。如果你真这样想过，那就不应该被无法改变的现状所难倒，不要为自己为什么不开始行动找借口，也不要为自己找为什么不去充分发挥潜能的理由了。如果人满腹激情，也有能力干一番事业，就不要浪费自己的才能。停止抱怨命运掌握在自己手里!现在该是人停止自欺欺人、认识到岸上的安全可能要比你所想的更具有破坏性的时候了。（分数：25.00）_翻译二级笔译实务-22 答案解析(总分：81.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English-Ch(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A Compulsory Tr(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.The
21、 first outline of The Ascent of Man was written in July 1969 and the last foot of film was shot in December 1972. An undertaking as large as this, though wonderfully exhilarating, is not entered lightly. It demands an unflagging intellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be
22、sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for instance, I had to put off researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explain what moved me to do so. There has been a deep change in the temper of science in the last 20 years: the focus of attention has shifted from the physical to the life sci
23、ences. As a result, science is drawn more and more to the study of individuality. But the interested spectator is hardly aware yet how far-reaching the effect is in changing the image of man that science moulds. As a mathematician trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series o
24、f lucky chances taken me into the life sciences in middle age. I owe a debt for the good fortune that carried me into two seminal fields of science in one lifetime; and though I do not know to whom the debt is due, I conceived The Ascent of Man in gratitude to repay it. The invitation to me from the
25、 British Broadcasting Corporation was to present the development of science in a series of television programmes to match those of Lord Clark on Civilisation. Television is an admirable medium for exposition in several ways: powerful and immediate to the eye, able to take the spectator bodily into t
26、he places and processes that are described, and conversational enough to make him conscious that what he witnesses are not events but the actions of people. The last of these merits is to my mind the most cogent, and it weighed most with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the fo
27、rm of television essays. The point is that knowledge in general and science in particular does not consist of abstract but of man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its modem and idiosyncratic models. Therefore the underlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise early and i
28、n the simplest cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties. And the development of science which joins them in more and more complex conjunctions must be seen to be equally human: discoveries are made by men, not merely by minds, so that they are alive and charged with individuality. If te
29、levision is not used to make these thoughts concrete, it is wasted.（分数：30.00）_正确答案：(人类的进程一书的提纲初稿是 1969年 7月完成的，影片的最后一部分是 1972年 12月拍摄的。像这样大的一个项目，虽然异常精彩，令人激动，却并不是轻易上马的。它要求我保持旺盛的脑力和体力，专心致志地投入工作。我还必须能持之以恒，并从中得到乐趣；比方说，我不得不停下已经开始的研究工作；我 还应当说明一下，究竟是什么促使我承担这项工作的。 二十年来，科学的发展趋势发生了深刻的变化：关注的焦点已经从自然科学转移到生命科学。结果，便
30、把科学越来越吸引到个体特性的研究。然而相关的观察者几乎没有认识到此事对于改变科学塑造的人的形象产生了多么深远的影响。我是一个研究数学的人，早先学的是物理学，若不是中年有幸有几次机会涉足生命科学，我也不会对它有所认识。我应当感谢我交的好运，是它使我在一生中参与了两个创新的科学领域。尽管我并不知道应该向谁表示感谢，我编写了人类的进程一书，以表示我的感激之情。 英国广播公司邀请我做的是通过一套电视节目来表现科学的发展过程，以与克拉克勋爵制作的关于文明的电视节目相匹配。通过电视来进行解说有几大好处：它有力、直观，能使观众身临其境或亲身参与所描述的过程，它的语言亲切，能使观众觉得他所看到的是人们的行动而
31、不是事件。这些优点之中，我认为最后一点最为突出，它是一股最大的动力促使我同意以电视散文的方式从个人的角度来讲述各种思想的发展史。重要的是知识总体，尤其是科学知识不是由抽象的思想构成的，而是由人的思想构成的，自有知识开始直到现代千奇百怪的模式莫不如此。所以介绍打开自然界之门的基本思想，必须表现出它们很早就已产生，而且是产生在人类最纯朴的文化之中，产生于人类基本的、具体的感官之中。同时还必须表现出使种种思想形成越来越复杂的结合体的科学的发展也同样是人类的贡献：种种发现都是人们通过实践完成的，而不仅仅是他们头脑的产物，因此它们都是有生气的，而且具有个人的特色。如果电视未能把这些思想表现得很具体，那岂
32、不是浪费!)解析：解析 1It demands an unflagging intellectual and physical vigour, a total immersion, which I had to be sure that I could sustain with pleasure; for instance, I had to put off researches that I had already begun; and I ought to explain what moved me to do so. 它要求我保持旺盛的脑力和体力，专心致志地投入工作。我还必须能持之以恒，
33、并从中得到乐趣；比方说，我不得不停下已经开始的研究工作；我还应当说明一下，究竟是什么促使我承担这项工作的。 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个复合句，而译文则分译成了两句话。把 which引导的定语从句单独分出来，作下一句中的一个分句。使用增词法，在名词 pleasure增补动词“得到”；a total immersion 增补为“专心致志地投入工作”。 2temper 倾向、趋势 理解结构采分点。 temper倾向、趋势：the temper of modern French arts 现代法国的艺术倾向。 3from the physical to the life sciences 从自然科学
34、转移到生命科学 理解结构采分点。 从 life science(生命科学)可以猜测出 physical science是与生命科学相对的“自然科学”。physical除了含有“物质的、身体的、物理的”之意外，还有“自然规律的”的意思：It is a physical impossibility to be in two places at once同时身处两地在自然法则上是不可能的。 4As a mathematician trained in physics, I too would have been unaware, had not a series of lucky chances t
35、aken me into the life sciences in middle age. 我是一个研究数学的人，早先学的是物理学，若不是中年有幸有几次机会涉足生命科学，我也不会对它有所认识。 理解结构采分点。 原文中开头的一个介词短语 As a mathematician trained in physics在译文中被译成了两个分句“我是一个研究数学的人，早先学的是物理学”。从句是虚拟语气的倒装形式，关键是要把虚拟语气“若不是也不会”翻译出来。 5Television is an admirable medium for exposition in several ways：powerful
36、 and immediate to the eye，able to take the spectator bodily into the places and processes that are described, and conversational enough to make him conscious that what he witnesses are not events but the actions of people通过电视来进行解说有几大好处：它有力、直观，能使观众身临其境或亲身参与所描述的过程，它的语言亲切，能使观众觉得他所看到的是人们的行动而不是事件。 理解结构采分
37、点。 原文是一个简单句。原则上译文还是一个长句子。但在翻译过程中要对原句的主要成分形容词性短语进行处理。本句的主干句为 Television is an admirable medium for exposition in several ways，可以译为“通过电视来进行解说有几大好处”。但它后面的形容词性短语powerful，able，conversational虽然不是完整的句子，但译文中要改变原有的结构，增加主语，形容词 powerful，conversational 要转换词性，译成动词。 6admirable 极好的 用词选词采分点。 望文生义是翻译的一大忌讳，因此要根据不同的语境
38、选择不同的词义。看到 admirable首先想到的意思是“令人钦佩的”，这个意思放在原文中似乎也无大 错，但仔细琢磨，会觉不妥，它的另一个意思“极好的”正是原文要表达的意思。 7it weighed most with me in agreeing to cast a personal biography of ideas in the form of television essays它是一股最大的动力促使我同意以电视散文的方式从个人的角度来讲述各种思想的发展史。 用词选词采分点。 本句的关键是对一些词或短语的理解与翻译。在翻译句中的 weighwith(对有影响)时，如果译成“它在方面对我
39、有很大影响”，则没有把原句要表达的深层含义译出。原句中的“影响”的程度实际上是一种极大的推动力，因此，译文“它是一股最大的动力促使”更好。cast 系统阐述：He cast his work in the form of a chart他把他的工作以图表的形式作系统说明。biography(对某人或对某动物、货币或建筑等)形成、成长和衰亡的记载(或历史)：the biography of the area 这个地区的沧桑史。 8The point is that knowledge in general and science in particular does not consist of
40、 abstract but of man-made ideas, all the way from its beginnings to its modern and idiosyncratic models重要的是知识总体，尤其是科学知识不是由抽象的思想构成的，而是由人的思想构成的，自有知识开始直到现代千奇百怪的模式莫不如此。 用词选词采分点。 point指“要点”，但如翻译成“要点是”，就不如“重要的是”更符合汉语习惯。介词短语 in general前用的是 knowledge而 in particular前则是 science，由 knowledge(知识)一词推断，science应该译成
41、“科学知识”而不是“科学”。 9Therefore the underlying concepts that unlock nature must be shown to arise early and in the simplest cultures of man from his basic and specific faculties所以介绍打开自然界之门的基本思想，必须表现出它们很早就已产生，而且是产生在人类最纯朴的文化之中，产生于人类基本的、具体的感官之中。 理解结构采分点。 本句为定语从句，从句部分修饰主语，在译文中可保持原有结构，即译成“所以介绍打开自然界之门的基本思想”。原句的
42、谓语动词是被动式，应翻译成主动式“必须表现出”。动词后面的不定式和 infrom介词短语要翻译成一个主语后带三个并列动词的形式，即“它们很早就已产生，而且是产生在人类最纯朴的文化之中，产生于人类基本的、具体的感官之中。” 10And the development of science which joins them in more and more complex conjunctions must be seen to be equally human: discoveries are made by men, not merely by minds, so that they are
43、alive and charged with individuality同时还必须表现出使种种思想形成越来越复杂的结合体的科学的发展也同样是人类的贡献：种种发现都是人们通过实践完成的，而不仅仅是他们头脑的产物，因此它们都是有生气的，而且具有个人的特色。 用词选词采分点。 本句的动词 must be seen to的翻译方法同上一句。翻译 human(人类的)时要根据上下文的意思选出合适的表达方式。human 后的句子一直在谈论“发现”是如何如何与人类有关，可见，人对科学的发展作出了巨大贡献，因此 human译成“人类的贡献”较为合适。三、Part B Choice of Two(总题数：1，分
44、数：25.00)2.When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company. “ Broadcasting his ambition was “ve
45、ry much my decision,“ McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run
46、. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressur
47、e, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net.
48、 In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candida
