1、翻译二级笔译实务-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section 1 English-Ch(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)1.When foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American society, somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact the average citizen is allowed to possess guns.Although it is
2、 true that many people carry guns legally in the United States, it is also known that many who possess guns carry illegally. Others, who dont have guns, feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many high school students, especially in the inner cities, can acquire
3、gun with little difficulty.Although most people would never want to own a gun, others have taken up hunting as a sport and enjoy hunting wild game in season. Hunting for deer and duck in fall and winter is very much a part of the American culture.Also, some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle an
4、d sheep feel they need to protect their animals against wolves that attack their herds and flocks at night. To defend and support their fights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association (NRA) was founded in 1871. The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict
5、 gun control legislation. The NRA has great political support in small towns and rural areas, especially in the West and the South, where hunting is especially popular. Those who favor the fight to possess guns insist that the Constitution provides the right of people “to keep and bear arms“. They b
6、elieve that gun control laws will not solve the problem of crime and violence in America.Recent events in America, however, have shown that the question of gun possession is now out of control and strong voices have called for immediate action to be taken. In seemingly peaceful schools students have
7、 gone into classrooms and opened fire upon their classmates. America has been shocked by such incidents which seem to occur with greater frequency. The periodic deaths of innocent citizens and even foreign visitors from guns have forced legislators to pass laws to stop these senseless killings.The d
8、ay may not be far off when America will be transformed from a gun culture to one which controls their use and possession.（分数：25.00）_三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happin
9、ess, and contentment. They often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions, such as loneliness, worry, and grief. Individuals communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of sounds, facial expressions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to frown, make a fist. and y
10、ell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of their society, though heredity(遗传) may determine some emotional behavior. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions by means of similar facial expressions.Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural
11、selection, also studied emotion. Darwin said in 1872 that emotional behavior originally served both as an aid to survival and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions only if aware of their own internal phys
12、ical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure. But this theory was not upheld by research on cats that had their nervous systems damaged. The cats could not feel their bodys internal changes, but they showed normal emotional behavior. John B. Watson, an American psychologi
13、st who helped found the school of psychology called behaviorism, observed that babies stimulated by certain events showed three basic emotionsfear, anger, and love. Watsons view has been challenged frequently since he proposed it in 1919.The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a comp
14、lex sequence of events. The sequence begins when a person encounters an important event or thought. The persons interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to follow. For example, someone who encounters a bear in the woods would probably interpret the event as dangerous. Th
15、e sense of danger would cause the individual to feel fear. Each feeling is followed by physical changes and desires to take action, which are responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who met a bear would probably run away.Several American psychologists independently developed
16、 the theory that there are eight basic emotions. These emotionswhich can exist at various levels of intensityare anger, fear, joy, sadness, acceptance, disgusts, surprise, and interest or curiosity. They combine to form all other emotions, just as certain basic colors produce all others.（分数：25.00）_四
17、、Section 2 Chinese-En(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)3.他是个极其自负的怪人。除非事情与自己有关，否则他从来不屑对世界或世人瞧上一眼。对他来说，他不仅是世界上最重要的人物，而且在他眼里，他是惟一活在世界上的人。他认为自己是世界上最伟大的戏剧家之一、最伟大的思想家之一、最伟大的作曲家之一。听听他的谈话，仿佛他就是莎士比亚、柏拉图、贝多芬三人集于一身。想要听到他的高论十分容易，他是世上最能使人精疲力竭的健谈者之一。同他度过一个夜晚，就是听他一个人滔滔不绝地说上一晚。有时，他才华横溢；有时，他又令人极其厌烦。但无论是妙趣横生还
18、是枯燥无味，他的谈话只有一个主题：他自己，他的所思所为。他狂妄地认为自己总是正确的。任何人在最无足轻重的问题上露出丝毫的异议，都会激起他的谴责。他可能会一连好几个小时滔滔不绝，千方百计地证明自己如何如何正确。有了这种使人耗尽心力的雄辩本事，听者最后都被他弄得头昏脑涨，耳朵发聋，为了图个清净，只好同意他的说法。（分数：25.00）_六、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)4.意识到我们的文化差异可以帮助我们更有效地相互交流，了解我们不同的交流方式可以丰富我们的文化生活。不同的交流风格体现了我们深层的哲学观及世界观，这些深层的哲学观及世界观正是我们各自的文化基础。明白了这些深层哲学我
19、们就会获得这个世界展示给我们的更加宽广的景象。从某种意义上说，各国对多极化的认可反映了国际关系中对民主化的追求。在经济全球化的时代，一种深入的相互依赖的关系正在国与国之间形成。在联合国宪章中曾发表过的一种国与国平等的原则正深入人心，越来越多的国家已经清楚地意识到：无论大小、强弱、贫富，所有的国家都是世界大家庭中平等的一员，国际关系的民主化将成为构筑世界新秩序的共同愿望。（分数：25.00）_翻译二级笔译实务-15 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section 1 English-Ch(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)1
20、.When foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American society, somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact the average citizen is allowed to possess guns.Although it is true that many people carry guns legally in the United States, it is also known that many who possess g
21、uns carry illegally. Others, who dont have guns, feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many high school students, especially in the inner cities, can acquire gun with little difficulty.Although most people would never want to own a gun, others have taken up hunt
22、ing as a sport and enjoy hunting wild game in season. Hunting for deer and duck in fall and winter is very much a part of the American culture.Also, some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle and sheep feel they need to protect their animals against wolves that attack their herds and flocks at nig
23、ht. To defend and support their fights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association (NRA) was founded in 1871. The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict gun control legislation. The NRA has great political support in small towns and rural areas, especially
24、 in the West and the South, where hunting is especially popular. Those who favor the fight to possess guns insist that the Constitution provides the right of people “to keep and bear arms“. They believe that gun control laws will not solve the problem of crime and violence in America.Recent events i
25、n America, however, have shown that the question of gun possession is now out of control and strong voices have called for immediate action to be taken. In seemingly peaceful schools students have gone into classrooms and opened fire upon their classmates. America has been shocked by such incidents
26、which seem to occur with greater frequency. The periodic deaths of innocent citizens and even foreign visitors from guns have forced legislators to pass laws to stop these senseless killings.The day may not be far off when America will be transformed from a gun culture to one which controls their us
27、e and possession.（分数：25.00）_正确答案：(当一些外国人被问到在美国社会什么事情在他们看来最不寻常时，经常性的回答是普通的美国人都可以持有枪支。虽然美国许多人都是依法持有枪支，但是也有很多人不法持有枪支。没有枪支的人觉得获得枪支很容易。最近一项调查显示，许多高中学生，尤其是住在城市里的高中学生，很容易便可以得到枪支。尽管一些美国人并不愿意持有枪支，但是其他一些美国人则认为持枪狩猎是一种运动。在秋冬季节，这种活动已经成为美国文化的一部分。一些饲养牛羊的乡下农民认为，他们应该保护自己的牛群和羊群免受夜晚出洞的狼的袭击。1871 年，为了保护和支持他们持有枪支的权益，美国步枪
28、协会成立了。这个组织主要的职责就是阻止枪支限制法的通过。美国步枪协会得到小城镇和乡下地区政治上的强力支持，尤其是西部和南部地区。认为持枪合法的人坚信，宪法给人“拥有和携带武器”的权利。他们觉得枪支限制法律不会解决美国犯罪和暴力事件。然而，最近发生的许多事情都表明美国枪支泛滥，民众呼吁对枪支进行限制。因为在看似平静的校园里也频繁地发生枪击事件，无辜市民和外国游人不时地被持枪者杀掉的事实迫使立法者们采取行动制定法律。也许在不远的将来，美国会把持枪文化转变成限制枪支使用的文化。)解析：长难句分析1When foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most
29、strange about American society，somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact that the average citizen is allowed to possess guns句子分析 本句的主句是“somewhere on the topto possess guns”，“the fact”后面是由“that”引导的同位语从句。句首处是由“when”引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语是被动语态形式，其后是由“what”引导的宾语从句。译文 当一些外国人被问到在美国社会什么事情在他们看来最不寻常时，经常性的回
30、答是普通的美国人都可以持有枪支。2Others，who dont have guns，feel that guns can be acquired quite easily句子分析 本句的主句是“Others feel that”，其中的 that 引导的是宾语从句。“who”引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“others”。译文 没有枪支的人觉得获得枪支很容易。3Also，some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle and sheep feel they need to protect their animals against wolves
31、 that attack their herds and flocks at night句子分析 本句的主语是“some farmers”，谓语是“feel”，主谓之间是由“who”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“farmers”，并且在从句中作主语。谓语“feel”后面的“they need to protect”是省略了关联词 that 的宾语从句，该从句包含一个由 that 引导的定语从句，用来修饰先行词“wolves”，并且在从句中作主语。译文 一些饲养牛羊的乡下农民认为，他们应该保护自己的牛群和羊群免受夜晚出洞的狼的袭击。4Those who favor the right to
32、possess guns insist that the Constitution provides the right of people “to keep and bear arms”句子分析 本句的主语是“those”，谓语是“insist”，主谓之间是由“who”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“those”，并且在从句中作主语。谓语后面是由“that”引导的宾语从句。译文 认为持枪合法的人坚信，宪法给人“拥有和携带武器”的权利。5Recent events in America，however，have shown that the question of gun possessio
33、n is now out of control and strong voices have caHed for immediate action to be taken句子分析 本句是由连词 and 连接的两个并列分句。在前一分句中主语是“events”，谓语“shown”后面是由 that 引导的宾语从句；后一分句中宾语“action”后面是动词不定式作宾补。译文 然而，最近发生的许多事情都表明美国枪支泛滥，民众呼吁立刻采取措施。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain im
34、portant events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happiness, and contentment. They often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions, such as loneliness, worry, and grief. Individuals communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of sounds, facial expres
35、sions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to frown, make a fist. and yell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of their society, though heredity(遗传) may determine some emotional behavior. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions b
36、y means of similar facial expressions.Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural selection, also studied emotion. Darwin said in 1872 that emotional behavior originally served both as an aid to survival and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of emotion
37、s developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions only if aware of their own internal physical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure. But this theory was not upheld by research on cats that had their nervous systems damaged. The cats could not feel their bodys internal cha
38、nges, but they showed normal emotional behavior. John B. Watson, an American psychologist who helped found the school of psychology called behaviorism, observed that babies stimulated by certain events showed three basic emotionsfear, anger, and love. Watsons view has been challenged frequently sinc
39、e he proposed it in 1919.The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a complex sequence of events. The sequence begins when a person encounters an important event or thought. The persons interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to follow. For example, someone
40、 who encounters a bear in the woods would probably interpret the event as dangerous. The sense of danger would cause the individual to feel fear. Each feeling is followed by physical changes and desires to take action, which are responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who me
41、t a bear would probably run away.Several American psychologists independently developed the theory that there are eight basic emotions. These emotionswhich can exist at various levels of intensityare anger, fear, joy, sadness, acceptance, disgusts, surprise, and interest or curiosity. They combine t
42、o form all other emotions, just as certain basic colors produce all others.（分数：25.00）_正确答案：(情感是人们对于某种重大事件或想法产生的感觉或反应。人们都喜欢享受像爱、幸福和满意等情感，也尽量避免去感受像孤独、焦虑和悲痛等情感。人们通过语言、各种声音、面部表情和手势等来交流自己的情感。比如说，气愤有可能使人皱眉、握拳或者尖叫。虽然遗传可能决定人们在情感上的一些行为表现，但是更多的时候是从社会其他成员那里学会了表达情感的方式。研究表明，那些被隔离的不同人群在表达情感的时候有着相似的面部表情。以自然选择理论闻名的
43、克莱尔达尔文也研究情感。1872 年，达尔文提出，情感的行为最初是为了生存需要和交流。根据詹姆斯兰格于 19 世纪 80 年代提出的情感理论，一个人体内对心跳加速和血压升高这些牛理变化作出反应，并且只有在意识到这些变化的时候，才会有不同情感的产生。但是这个理论在另一个研究中在一只神经受损的猫身上所进行的研究没有得到支持。猫感觉不到内在的变化，但是它的行为很正常。一个名叫约翰沃森的美国心理学家发现了叫做行动主义的心理学派。他观察到被某事所刺激的婴儿会表现出三种基本情感害怕、生气和喜欢。1919 年，沃森提出了这个观点，此后，它经常遭到挑战。最被广泛接受的观点就是情感伴随着一系列复杂事件一起发生。
44、当一个人遇到重大的事情或想法的时候，这一些复杂的反应就开始了。那么一个人对这些事情或想法的解释决定了他在随后会有什么样的情感。例如，在树林里遇到熊的人可能会把这个事件理解为危险，危险的感觉会让这个人感觉恐惧。每种感觉都会伴随着生理变化和采取行动的欲望，这就是对引发先后顺序的事件的反应。因此，遇到熊的人可能会逃走。一些神经学家进一步独立地发展了这种理论，认为人至少有 8 种情感。分别是：生气、害怕、高兴、伤心、赞同、厌恶、惊讶以及兴趣或好奇。它们能够在不同程度的情感中存在。然后这些情感相互结合就会产生其他情感，好比在绘画中，由几种特定的原料相互搭配可以产生其他色调一样。)解析：长难句分析1Ind
45、ividuals communicate most of their emotions by means 0f words，a variety of sounds，facial expressions，and gestures句子分析 本句是一个简单句，宾语是“most of their-emotions”，介词短语“by means of”作状语，by means of 意为“用方法，依靠”。译文 人们通过语言、各种声音、面部表情和手势等来交流自己的情感。2People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of
46、their societythough heredity(遗传)may determine some emotional behavior句子分析 本句的主句是“People learn ways of.their society”，连词 though 引导的是让步状语从句，learn.from 意为“向学习”，如：Its necessary for us to learn from each other我们之间互相学习是必要的。译文 虽然遗传可能决定人们在情感上的一些行为表现，但是更多的时候是从社会其他成员那里学会了表达情感的方式。3Darwin said in 1872 that emot
47、ional behavior originally served both as an aid to survival and as a method of communicating intentions句子分析 本句中的 that 引导的是宾语从句，从句中的 serve as 意为“担任，充当，起作用”，如：Animals may serve as a vehicle for viral transmission动物可能成为病毒传播的媒介。bothand意为“和都”，如：She was ashamed，both for herself and for Diana她感到羞愧，既为自己也为戴安娜。译文 1872 年，达尔文提出，情感的行为最初是为了生存需要和交流。4According to the James-Lange theory of emotions developed in the 1880s，people feel emotions only if aware of their own internal physical reactions to events，such as increased heart rate or blood pressure句子分析 本句的主句是“people feel emo
