1、翻译二级口译综合能力模拟 22 及答案解析(总分：79.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part (总题数：2，分数：20.00)（分数：10.00）(1).Despite the dramatic changes over 200 years, more and more Americans have moved out of the urban areas.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Leeds is the third largest city in Britain, after London and Edinburgh.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(3).There
2、 was a time when books were accessible only to monks and priests.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Commercials generally do not provide information about the products advertised.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Because of the original sin, many Americans take to alcoholism, which costs heavy casualties.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误（分数：
3、10.00）(1).The worm infecting PCs with the Windows operating system has three names in all.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(2).According to the speaker, four people have been killed by bird flu, and many more are having it in the capital of Vietnam.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(3).According to the speaker, the number of electo
4、rs in each state equals that of its representatives in the House.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(4).According to the speaker, the human community tends to have a narrow interpretation of the notion of “progress“.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误(5).According to the speaker, one reason contributing to Uruguayans“ rejection of pri
5、vatization lies in people“s fear of job loss.（分数：2.00）A.正确B.错误二、Part (总题数：2，分数：20.00)（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following index represents small-company stocks?（分数：2.00）A.The Dow Jones Industrial.B.The Russell 2000.C.The Wilshire 5000.D.The S the Wilshire 5000 includes both small-and large-company s
6、tocks and is weighted to represent all U.S.-headquartered securities. 分析 特定信息的找寻和判断。 根据题干中提到的特定信息找寻原文，发现“The Russell 2000 includes 2000 small-company stocks”，由此可见，选项 B 的说法符合题意，是正确答案。 解题关键 找寻特定信息要迅速排除干扰项。本题中各种专有名词和数字的信息量颇大，需要迅速排除这些信息的干扰，才能快速准确地找到正确答案。(2).What can be inferred about old nepotism?（分数：2.
7、00）A.Parents maximized the family advantages for the benefits of their children. B.Parents gave full respect to the likes and dislikes of their children.C.Children had their own choice of career and marriage.D.Children willingly lived on the expectations of their families.解析：解析 The new nepotism oper
8、ates not from the top down but from the bottom up: it is voluntary, not coercive; it springs from the initiative of children, not the interest of the parents; it tends to seem “natural“ rather than planned. Although no nepotism in the classic sense, it is rightly nepotism because it involves exploit
9、ing the family name, connections, or wealth. The method may be different, but the result is much the same. 分析 语义的推理判断。 原文表面上没有提到 old nepotism(旧式裙带关系)，但根据文中关于 new nepotism 的说法可以推断出答案。根据原文第一句“The new nepotism operates not from the top down but from the bottom up”，可推测出旧式的裙带关系强调 the top down(自上而下)，显然这里的
10、“上”指“父母”，“下”指“子女”；此外从第一句后部的 not 和 rather than 结构可推测，其中的内容直指 old nepotism 的特点，即：coercive(强迫的)；the interest of the parents (父母的利益)；planned(有计划的)；由第二句话可推测两种 nepotism 都“involve exploiting the family name, connections, or wealth”即“利用家族的声望、关系或财富(使孩子受益)”，从上述推测中可知，选项 A 的说法“父母最大限度地利用家庭优势，使孩子受益”符合题意，是正确答案。 解题
11、关键 1) 掌握根据反义词推断语义的方法，如根据原文中种种 new nepotism 的说法推断出 old nepotism；2) 掌握同义词替换，如原文中 exploiting 与选项 maximize 近义。(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.International trade has become an important part of national development.B.Summit talks will be held to discuss proble
12、ms in international trade. C.Developing countries benefit more from international trade than development aid.D.The Doha Development Agenda has made development its pivotal concern.解析：解析 Two years“ ago, in the Qatari capital, trade ministers agreed to begin global trade negotiations driven by what is
13、 known as the Doha Development Agenda, which put the question of development at its core. It is widely acknowledged today that trade is a vitally important element in any program for development, as it can deliver benefits to developing countries worth many times more than all the development aid th
14、ey receive. 分析 事实细节的识别和判断。 原文主要谈论在 Qatari 首都部长会议达成的共识，即：发展中国家在发展过程中，从贸易中得到的利益远比从援助中得到的利益多。但文中并没有提及将要举行高峰会议讨论国际贸易问题，因此选项 B 的说法与原文不符，因此是正确答案。 解题关键 掌握主题及支持性细节是本题关键。本文主题是贸易发展，支持性细节包括贸易发展共识的介绍及其背景。而选项 B 的内容不包括在其中。(4).Which of the following is NOT true of meditation?（分数：2.00）A.It relieves the pain of canc
15、er.B.It counteracts the effect of depression.C.It has mystic elements.D.It has long been used as a cure-all. 解析：解析 Meditation is being recommended by more and more physicians as a way to prevent, slow or at least control the pain of chronic diseases like heart conditions, AIDS, cancer, and infertili
16、ty. It is also being used to restore balance in the face of such psychiatric disturbances as depression, hyperactivity, and attention-deficit disorder (ADD). In a confluence of Eastern mysticism and western science, doctors are embracing meditation not because they think it“s hip or cool but because
17、 scientific studies are beginning to show that it works, particularly for stress-related conditions. 分析 事实细节的找寻和判断。 根据题干要求在原文中找寻关于 meditation 的说法，原文第一句中“to prevent, slow or at least control the pain ofcancer”可与选项 A 的说法对应；原文“to restore balance in the face of such psychiatric disturbances as depressio
18、n”可与选项 B 的说法对应；原文“In a confluence of Eastern mysticism”可与选项 C 的说法对应；只有选项 D 的说法在原文中找不到对应，因此该选项是正确答案。 解题关键 1) 找到类属于主题的关键词有助于迅速排除选项，如可将文中有关的关键词cancer，depression 和 mysticism 一一与选项对照；2) 同义词替换，可帮助判断选项的说法是否正确，如原文中 control the pain 与选项中 relieve 同义；restore balance 与 counteract 同义。(5).Which of the following s
19、tatements is NOT true of comedy according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Present comedy is funnier than the past.B.People“s conception on comedy remains unchanged for decades. C.Contemporary comedy tends to be superficial.D.Old comedy was considered thought-provoking.解析：解析 It“s a trick that time and memo
20、ry play on us: Comedylike glamour or courage, is never what it used to be. The present may sometimes make us laugh the hardest, but we like to tell ourselves that the past makes us laugh the best. Today“s emphasis on physical comedy is perhaps a natural reaction to the more cerebral comedy of the pa
21、st two decades. 分析 对比表达的识别和判断。 原文将喜剧的过去和现在加以对比，听者可发现“The presentlaugh the hardest, the pastlaugh the best. Todayphysical comedy, cerebral comedy of the past“。由此可判断，人们对喜剧的看法是有变化，而非一成不变的。因此，选项 B 的说法符合题意，是正确答案。 解题关键 掌握表示对立概念的表达结构和词语有助于迅速解题。如本文中使用的 the present 和 the past；today 和 the past。（分数：10.00）(1).A
22、ccording to the study, how many smokers said they preferred menthol cigarettes?（分数：2.00）A.54%B.69%C.63% D.59%解析：解析 It is estimated that over 400,000 Americans every year die of smoking related diseases. But kicking the habit is not so easy. A new study finds that smokers who smoke menthol cigarettes
23、 could have more trouble trying to quit compared to people who use non-menthol cigarettes. When a study began in 1985, 1,500 smokers had a medical exam and answered the questions about their smoking habits. 63% of the smokers said they preferred menthol cigarettes, and these smokers who preferred me
24、nthols were less likely to have quit smoking after 15 years. 69% of the menthol smokers were still smoking when researchers asked again about smoking habits in the year 2000. Among people who had originally preferred non-menthol cigarettes, 54% were still smoking in 2000. The researchers say that bo
25、th menthol and non-menthol cigarettes are equally dangerous, but menthol cigarettes may actually be harder to quit. 难点 此题比较容易。(2).What programs does google launch recently?（分数：2.00）A.A free word processing program and excel program.B.A free word processing program and excel program.“C.A free spreads
26、heet program and word processing program. D.A free spreadsheet program and excel program.解析：解析 Millions of people around the world use Microsoft office, which comes with Microsoft Word for creating documents, Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, Outlook e-mail and other applications. But now Google is offer
27、ing some of those same applications with its free, web-based services. Google launched it four years ago. But recently it launched a free spreadsheet program and word processing program that are acquired from another company. Together, they are now called Google Docs Others have marketed their drugs
28、 there, but few patients in those countries can afford them. The issue is especially difficult when it comes to drugs that do not save lives but can vastly improve the quality of life. Nobody knows for sure how many patients in other countries have had to forgo drugs that improved their lives when c
29、linical trials ended, and companies do not give out patients“ names, to protect their privacy. But the issue is very much on the minds of company researchers and executives. Ethicists say that they, too, are troubled but that their field has reached no consensus on what companies should do. “Do we h
30、ave an obligation to everyone in the trial or to everyone in the community, the province, the nation, the region of the world?“ asked Dr. Ruth Faden, the director of the Phoebe R. Berman Bioethics Institute at Johns Hopkins University. “We haven“t really figured this out.“ Yet, Dr. Faden said, “many
31、 physician investigators feel uncomfortable with the idea of using patients in studies and then not being able to continue to help them when the trial ends.“ Companies must make business decisions about where to market their drugs, figuring out whether they can earn enough money to justify applying
32、for approval, setting up business offices and hiring a sales force. If they decide not to market a drug in a given country, they are unlikely to provide it to patients there free of charge. To provide a drug for what medical professionals call compassionate use, companies must set up a distribution
33、system, train doctors to administer the drugs, monitor patients for adverse effects and track the results. Whether to undertake a compassionate-use program for drugs that improve the quality of life but do not prolong it poses “a delicate question“, said Tony Plohoros, a spokesman for Merck, a compa
34、ny that has systems to distribute lifesaving drugs in poor countries where there is a need. The issue is especially difficult for small companies that as yet have no products on the market. A small company cannot afford to set up a marketing system in countries where few can buy the drug, or a distr
35、ibution system to give its drugs away. In the United States, patients who participate in clinical trials often continue to receive the drug being tested until it is approved. After that, they can buy it or, if they cannot afford it, apply to special programs that most companies offer to help people
36、who could not otherwise get drugs they need. But with the exception of AIDS drugs, which companies provide free or at low cost to patients in poor countries, there is no industry consensus about what to do internationally, especially when drugs are not lifesaving. And even when companies market thei
37、r drugs in poor countries, they tend not to set up a system to give the drugs away to study subjects after a clinical trial ends. Ethicists acknowledge that companies are businesses and accountable to investors. But on the other hand, Dr. Gostin said, there is something troubling about “parachute re
38、search“, in which a company drops into a country, conducts its research and then leaves. “It raises the question of what ethical obligation, if any, there might be to give back and make sure there is access to the drug after the trials are over,“ Dr. Gostin said. The participants in a study take a r
39、isk to help a company determine if its drug is safe and effective, he said, and “it seems to me that there is an ethical obligation to give back.“ 本题要求就所听材料写综述，那么在听的过程中理清文章主要结构是必要的。具体操作手段是先根据所听的内容判断全文的重心所在，以确定框架性内容，即高分词汇部分，此外，综述中还应根据情况补充与框架结构相关的支持性细节，即细节词汇部分，使综述得以详尽。 本文主要讨论美国药品公司对其国外的药物试用者的态度和措施。文章认
40、为随着美国公司在国外药物试验的增加，他们越来越意识到对药物试用者的责任。虽然相关行业对此问题还没有统一的做法，但是文章认为各大公司应在作出商业决定前，考虑自己是否承担得起由此决定所产生的各项开支，如对药物试验者周全的各项措施。总之，虽然国际社会对该问题还没有定论，但有关人士认为药品公司在对投资者负责的同时，也应对药品试验者们负责。 由此可见，本综述的高分词汇部分应勾勒全文的脉络走向，提炼各部分的主要内容，即表现出本文的各个重要观点；而细节词汇部分则以具体的重点信息支持这些观点，使综述内容详尽。 一、高分词汇 1As companies increasingly test new drugs i
41、n other countries, they are struggling to decide what they owe the patients who served as test subject 分析 该句为全文首句，提出全文所要讨论的问题，因此是框架性内容。 要点表达 1) struggle to. 努力去做某事 2) owe 欠 3) test subject 受试者 2Ethicists are troubled too, but they have reached no consensus on what companies should do 分析 该句表达了有关中心问题的
42、重要观点，并以此作为讨论的基点，因此是框架性内容。 要点表达 reach consensus on. 对达成一致意见 3Companies must make business decisions and figure out whether they can earn enough money to justify those decisions 分析 该句是有关中心议题的重要举措，因此是框架性内容。 要点表达 1) make decision 做出决定 2) figure out 理解，明白 3) justify 证明是正确的 4Ethicists acknowledge that com
43、panies are businesses and accountable to investors 分析 该句是有关中心议题的总结的一部分，因此是框架性内容。 要点表达 1) acknowledge 承认 2) be accountable to. 对负责 5But on the other hand, there is an ethical obligation to give back 分析 该句是有关中心议题的总结的另一部分，因此是框架性内容。 要点表达 1) on the other hand 另一方面 2) ethical obligation 道德责任 3) give back
44、归还 二、细节词汇 1The issue is especially difficult when it comes to drugs that do not save lives but can vastly improve the quality of life 分析 该句是对中心议题的深化，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。 要点表达 1) when it comes to. 当涉及到 2) improve the quality of life 改善生活质量 2To provide a drug for compassionate use is costly and poses “a del
45、icate question“ 分析 该句是有关中心议题重要观点的进一步阐释，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。 要点表达 1) compassionate 具有同情心的 2) pose 摆出，提出 3) delicate question 微妙复杂的问题 3The issue is especially difficult for small companies because they simply can“t afford it 分析 该句是有关中心议题重要观点的进一步阐释，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。 要点表达 1) issue 重要议题；争论 2) afford 负担得起 4In the
46、U.S., patients who participate in clinical trials can often get drugs they need after the test 分析 该句以典型事例对中心议题重要观点做进一步阐释，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。 要点表达 1) participate in 参与 2) clinical trial 医学试验 5But there is no industry consensus about what to do internationally, especially when drugs are not lifesaving 分析 该句是有关中心议题的具体化，因此是综述的支持性细节内容。 要点表达 1) There is no. 结构 2) industry consensus 行业统一规定
