1、翻译二级口译实务 2003 年 12 月及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.BPassage 1/B China is in the midst of a developmental stage where advanced management knowledge and techniques and advanced industrial automation technology and solutions are fundamental and necessary elements for Chinas sust
2、ained growth and global competitiveness. There is no one good definition of what industrial automation is. Perhaps the best definition is a simple one: industrial automation is the use of electronics to control and monitor a process or machinery. While there are many steps that China must take to en
3、sure the appropriate development of its industrial base and supporting infrastructure, the utilization of advanced industrial automation is a critical step. Increases in productivity and efficiency are not possible without a high level of industrial automation. If we were to look at the growth in pr
4、oductivity of U.S. industry from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, two pivotal factors stand out. The first is a revolution in management techniques and consequent restructuring of the American corporation. Management became results-focused, flatter and more distributed, with great participation by th
5、e work force. The second pivotal factor was the infusion of advanced industrial automation into manufacturing and other automated processes. Together these two elements led to significant increases in productivity and efficiency. These increases led the way to sustained growth in the U.S. economy, s
6、o that by the late 1980s and the early 1990s the U.S. economy was growing taster than that of Japan for the first time in several decades. China, which is now at its own critical industrial and management systems crossroads, can borrow from some of these experiences. China has an unparalleled opport
7、unity to adopt advanced industrial automation as this technology moves into the new millennium and into the information era. The future of industrial automation will be a networked future with a great reliance on wireless connectivity. Utilization of effective and open networks such as DeviceNet, Co
8、ntroiNet and Ethernet/IP, with their ability to connect to the Internet, allows for continuous control and feedback from the factory floor to the management office and beyond. The factory floor and the management office can be linked continuously and in real time with suppliers, sales force and cust
9、omers. Every part of this chain will be able to monitor, input to and adjust the manufacturing process and supporting activities. The future of industrial automation will also very much be linked to software that is an open platform and is multifunctional. The right software package provides tremend
10、ous flexibility and agility in the manufacturing process. Industrial software provides the operator interface and gateway from the factory floor to the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and even to the Internet to provide seamless flow of data and information so that the “Information Enabled
11、 Enterprise“ can be managed in a more flexible, integrated, and efficient manner.（分数：25.00）_2.BPassage 2/B Ludwig van Beethoven was an unhappy genius. He had deep feelings that he could not express in words. He found the way to express these feelings in music, and this led to a new kind of music tha
12、t is expressive. Beethoven was born in the German city of Bonn, in 1770. His father was a singer in the Church choir, and he soon saw that Ludwig had musical ability. The father thought that Ludwig might be another wonder-child, like Mozart, and that he would make the familys name and fortune. He fo
13、rced the little boy to practice long hours on the violin. Mozarts father had been kind, but Beethovens father was impatient and often rough with him. Also, Beethovens father was not reliable in earning a living for his family. As young Ludwig grew up he had to take a great deal of responsibility. Wh
14、en he was 15, and was working in the Church as assistance organist, Ludwig was practically supporting the family. But he had kind teachers and some good friends, and he was lucky enough to get a position playing the viola in the opera orchestra in Bonn. There he became familiar with the operas of Mo
15、zart and other composers, and he learned a great deal about the instruments of the orchestra and how they played together. This was to be valuable to him later in his own composing. When he decided to go to Vienna to study, the Archbishop at Bonn paid for his journey and other friends gave him lette
16、rs to noblemen in Vienna. Beethoven was a very fine pianist, besides being able to play the violin and other stringed instruments. The Viennese music-lovers quickly adopted him as a favorite concert performer. But they criticized every new work of Beethovens because it was too different. The Viennes
17、e soon realized that they had an extraordinary genius living among them, and they made every effort to keep him. When Beethoven had an offer to go to another city as an orchestra conductor, three noblemen of Vienna banded together to pay him a regular income every year if he would stay with them. He
18、 stayed, and went on composing his big, powerful symphonies, concertos, piano sonatas and many other works. But except for his music, Beethoven was not a happy man. Before he was 30, he began to grow deaf. This was a terrible misfortune for a musician. His deafness came slowly and he was able to con
19、tinue playing concerts until he was 44. But 10 years later, when his great Ninth Symphony was performed for the first time, he could not hear at all. He was sitting on the stage at the performance, watching the conductor, and he had his back to the audience. One of the singers turned him around so t
20、hat he could see the audience enthusiastically applauding this tremendous symphony. Beethoven was a lonely man. Although he had fallen in love several times, he never married. His deafness made him still more lonely, for he would not go out in public at all. But he rose above his loneliness and deaf
21、ness through his music. Even when he was totally deaf, he went on creating music that he could not hear except in his mind, expressing all the feelings he could not express to anyone in words.（分数：25.00）_二、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)3.BPassage 1/B 女士们、先生们： 我非常高兴能利用英中贸协年会的机会向英国工商界朋友们致以诚挚的问候。多年来，英中贸协一直关心和
22、支持中英关系发展，是堪称两国友好交流的桥梁和互利合作的纽带。在此，我谨对英中贸协及诸位长期为促进中英经贸合作所做的不懈努力和杰出贡献表示感谢，对此次大会的召开表示热烈的祝贺。 十六大以来，我们继续坚持以经济建设为中心，坚持改革开放，各项工作都有条不紊地向前推进。但是，突如其来在中国一些地方发生了“非典”疫情。这是一种尚未被人类全面认识的新型传染病，要有效控制并消除疫情需要有一个过程。 中国政府是负责任的政府，始终把人民的身体健康和生命安全放在第一位。我们采取了果断措施，完善应急机制和社会救助机制，依靠科学，依靠群众在全国开展了一场预防“非典”的攻坚战。尽管任务非常艰巨，但我们有决心打赢这一仗。
23、 中国人民抗击“非典”的斗争赢得了国际社会的广泛同情和支持。不久前，英政府决定向中国提供 500 万美元的援助，体现了英国人民对中国人民的深情厚谊。中国有句老话，“患难见真情”，英方的友好举措博得了中国人民的高度评价与赞赏。 英国医疗科技发达，研发实力雄厚，在传染病的防治等方面积累了不少有益经验，我们愿学习借鉴并开展合作。中华民族是在逆境中自强奋斗的民族，中国政府是勇于面对困难的政府。我们深信，中国人民在国际社会的支持下，经过不懈努力，一定能够驱散疫病的阴霾，迎来更大的繁荣和发展。（分数：25.00）_4.BPassage 2/B 1986 年全国人大常委会副委员长班禅喇嘛在西康地区大法会上教
24、诲信徒们，要爱惜民族团结，维护祖国统一。 在中国，公民的信仰自由受到法律保护。目前全西藏在寺僧尼约有14,000 多人，另有 800 位宗教界人士在各级人大、政协、佛教协会和政府部门中工作。 据不完全统计，从 1978 年以来，中央和地方政府共投资 2,000 多万元人民币，在西藏修复了 200 多座寺庙和 700 多所佛堂，使藏族同胞的正常宗教活动得到保证。 藏族是一个历史悠久，文化发达的民族。作为一个全民信教的民族，藏族的文化又总是与宗教保持着千丝万缕的联系。宗教活动中有艺术形式，艺术活动中有宗教因素，两者谁也离不开谁。参考译文及综合解析（分数：25.00）_翻译二级口译实务 2003 年
25、 12 月答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.BPassage 1/B China is in the midst of a developmental stage where advanced management knowledge and techniques and advanced industrial automation technology and solutions are fundamental and necessary elements for Chinas sustained growth and
26、 global competitiveness. There is no one good definition of what industrial automation is. Perhaps the best definition is a simple one: industrial automation is the use of electronics to control and monitor a process or machinery. While there are many steps that China must take to ensure the appropr
27、iate development of its industrial base and supporting infrastructure, the utilization of advanced industrial automation is a critical step. Increases in productivity and efficiency are not possible without a high level of industrial automation. If we were to look at the growth in productivity of U.
28、S. industry from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, two pivotal factors stand out. The first is a revolution in management techniques and consequent restructuring of the American corporation. Management became results-focused, flatter and more distributed, with great participation by the work force. Th
29、e second pivotal factor was the infusion of advanced industrial automation into manufacturing and other automated processes. Together these two elements led to significant increases in productivity and efficiency. These increases led the way to sustained growth in the U.S. economy, so that by the la
30、te 1980s and the early 1990s the U.S. economy was growing taster than that of Japan for the first time in several decades. China, which is now at its own critical industrial and management systems crossroads, can borrow from some of these experiences. China has an unparalleled opportunity to adopt a
31、dvanced industrial automation as this technology moves into the new millennium and into the information era. The future of industrial automation will be a networked future with a great reliance on wireless connectivity. Utilization of effective and open networks such as DeviceNet, ControiNet and Eth
32、ernet/IP, with their ability to connect to the Internet, allows for continuous control and feedback from the factory floor to the management office and beyond. The factory floor and the management office can be linked continuously and in real time with suppliers, sales force and customers. Every par
33、t of this chain will be able to monitor, input to and adjust the manufacturing process and supporting activities. The future of industrial automation will also very much be linked to software that is an open platform and is multifunctional. The right software package provides tremendous flexibility
34、and agility in the manufacturing process. Industrial software provides the operator interface and gateway from the factory floor to the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and even to the Internet to provide seamless flow of data and information so that the “Information Enabled Enterprise“ can
35、 be managed in a more flexible, integrated, and efficient manner.（分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：中国目前正处在一个发展的阶段。在这个阶段中，先进的管理知识和技术以及先进的工业自动化技术和解决方案是十分必要的，对中国的持续发展和在全球的竞争中起着根本的作用。 目前工业自动化还没有一个最佳的定义。也许最好的其实是一个很简单的定义：工业自动化就是使用电子技术来监控生产流程或机械设备。为了确保工业基础和配套设施的有序发展，中国需要采取很多措施，而其中利用先进的工业自动化是至关重要的。没有高水平的工业自动化，提高生产力和效率都是
36、不可能的。 如果我们看一看美国工业生产力从 80 年代中期到 90 年代中期的发展情况，就会发现两个重要的因素。首先是管理技术方面的革命和随之而来的对美国公司的重组改造。改革后的管理更注重效果，管理层面减少，权利下放，企业职工参与性更高。 第二个因素是将先进的工业自动化引入了制造业和其它自动化流程。这两个因素共同作用大大提高了生产力和效率，使美国经济得以可持续发展，80 午代末 90 年代初的发展速度几十年来第一次超过了日本。 中国目前正处在工业和管理制度变革的时期，可以借鉴这些经验。在新的世纪和信息发展时代采用先进的工业自动化技术，对中国来讲是一个千载难逢的机会。 未来的工业自动化技术将是一
37、个无线连接的网络。诸如 DeviceNet，ControlNet 和 Ethernet/IP 这些开放、高效率的网络能与英特网链接，可以使管理部门对生产车间进行不间断的控制，并获得信息反馈。 生产车间和管理部门之间联网，与供应商、销售部门以及客户之间也可以实现实时联网。在这条链中的任何一个环节都可以进行监控和输入，还可以调整生产过程和生产支持。 未来的工业自动化将在很大程度上和有着开放性平台、多功能的软件系统联网。一套合适的软件包将使生产过程变得非常灵活，反应非常敏捷。 工业软件将提供操作者平台，提供从车间到企业资源规划系统的通道，甚至与英特网链接，提供源源不断的数据信息，从而进行更为灵活、更
38、为有效的综合性管理。这就叫做“信息化管理企业”。 解析 本文主要讨论中国工业未来的问题。文章以美国的发展为例，对工业自动化的问题进行了深入的探讨，并展望中国工业的未来。 本文涉及工业自动化和管理等方面的专门知识，需要应试者有相当的背景知识，这些专业化知识构成考查应试者基本素质的内容，在较为短暂的时间内，应试者还需对复杂的长难句作出判断，使翻译不仅信息完整正确，还要基本符合汉语习惯。在此基础上，应试者还要对文中的某些单词或短语作出判断，使其翻译不仅正确还要符合上下文语境的需要。 基本素质采分点 1industrial automation 工业自动化 2sustained growth 持续发展
39、 3industrial base 工业基础 4supporting infrastructure 配套设施 5real time 实时 6Information Enabled Enterprise 信息化管理企业 7the information era 信息时代 结构理解采分点 1China is in the midst of a developmental stage where advanced management knowledge and techniques and advanced industrial automation technology and solution
40、s are fundamental and necessary elements for Chinas sustained growth and global competitiveness 该句是复合句，含有 where 引导的定语从句，修饰 stage。该定语从句的内容信息量颇大，因此翻译时，该部分内容应单列一句，以符合汉语习惯。因此，原句可译为“中国目前正处在一个发展的阶段。在这个阶段中，先进的管理知识和技术以及先进的工业自动化技术和解决方案是十分必要的，对中国的持续发展和在全球的竞争中起着根本的作用。” 2While there are many steps that China mu
41、st take to ensure the appropriate development of its industrial base and supporting infrastructure, the utilization of advanced industrial automation is a critical step 如按原句句式结构特点翻译，译文结构会显得松散，因此翻译时，有必要打乱原有语序，重组结构。因此，原句可译为“为了确保工业基础和配套设施的有序发展，中国需要采取很多措施，而其中利用先进的工业自动化是至关重要的。” 3Management became results
42、-focused, flatter and more distributed, with great participation by the work force 本句的翻译要求应试者在理解上下文的情况下，适当加字，如 flatter 是指管理的层面，distributed 是指权力被下放；根据汉语具体、生动的特点，还可考虑将名词 participation 译为相应的动词形式。因此，原句可译为“改革后的管理更注重效果，管理层面减少，权利下放，企业职工参与性更高。” 4The second pivotal factor was the infusion of advanced industr
43、ial automation into manufacturing and other automated processes 本句的翻译同样根据汉语具体、生动的特点，可考虑将名词 infusion 译为相应的动词形式。因此，原句可译为“第二个因素是将先进的工业自动化引入了制造业和其它自动化流程。” 5Industrial software provides the operator interface and gateway from the factory floor to the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and even to
44、the Internet to provide seam less flow of data and information so that the “Information Enabled Enterprise“ can be managed in a more flexible, integrated, and efficient manner 该句的翻译首先要搞清楚原文语句间的结构关系。该句是复合句，其中含有 so that 引导的从句，该从句之前的部分要注意 provide 后面接两个宾语即 in terrace 和gateway，而 gateway 后面 to 短语较多，其中 to
45、provide 短语是动词不定式，做目的状语，so that 从句后的翻译可将原句前后倒置，以保持逻辑性。因此，原句可译为“工业软件将提供操作者平台，提供从车间到企业资源规划系统的通道，甚至与因特网链接，提供源源不断的数据信息，从而进行更为灵活、更为有效的综合性管理。这就叫做“信息化管理企业”。 言语表达采分点 1monitor 监控 2critical step 至关重要的一步 3pivotal factor 重要因素 4results-focused 注重结果的 5distributed 分送的(这里指权力下放的) 6the work force 工人队伍 7crossroads 十字路口
46、(这里指中国改革面临的变革期) 8the new millennium 新千年 9wireless connectivity 无线连接 10interface 界面；接口 11gateway 关口，途径 12seamless flow 源源不断2.BPassage 2/B Ludwig van Beethoven was an unhappy genius. He had deep feelings that he could not express in words. He found the way to express these feelings in music, and this
47、led to a new kind of music that is expressive. Beethoven was born in the German city of Bonn, in 1770. His father was a singer in the Church choir, and he soon saw that Ludwig had musical ability. The father thought that Ludwig might be another wonder-child, like Mozart, and that he would make the f
48、amilys name and fortune. He forced the little boy to practice long hours on the violin. Mozarts father had been kind, but Beethovens father was impatient and often rough with him. Also, Beethovens father was not reliable in earning a living for his family. As young Ludwig grew up he had to take a great deal of responsibility. Whe
