1、翻译二级口译实务-8 及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.BPassage 1/B I want today to set debt reduction in the context of development challenges of poor countries. My key message is that we need a change in the way we look at the purpose of debt relief: from ending debt to ending poverty.
2、I think that debt relief is a strong antipoverty weapon, but it must be part of a broader development strategy. We need to look beyond external sustainability to include internal sustainability as well. Domestic debt in some countries is a huge problem, and for several African countries it takes mor
3、e than 10% of domestic revenue. This points us back to the government budget. We should think about working not just from the concept of external sustainability, but from the expenditure required to pursue the International Development Strategy. This means looking at each countrys domestic strategy
4、for poverty elimination and its internal needs and constraints. Now is a time for new thinking, and the task is an urgent one. One out of four people in the world live in absolute poverty. Deserts are spreading, forests are shrinking, and seas are being over-fished. With projections of growing strai
5、n on all natural resources of the world, and the likelihood of increasing violent conflict and calamity arising from that, it is not just morally imperative that we act to give the poor of the world the chance to get out of poverty; it is in our interest to do so. There can be no secure future for o
6、ur children and grandchildren unless we build a more equitable world. So, we need to implement this change in the goal of debt relief: from ending debt to ending poverty. Debt reduction from now on has to be linked to the international development strategy. Debt is not evil in itself. Borrowing for
7、high-quality investment is clearly beneficial and appreciated. The aim should be for countries to borrow prudently along a sustainable path to fund priority investments. This requires a clear debt management strategy. To make real progress, the government and people of each country must develop a cl
8、early defined approach to this complex challenge. The priorities of government budgets are obviously central to this. We need to look at the expenditure necessary to achieve poverty reduction objectives and then see how debt reduction can contribute to making it possible. We must always remember deb
9、t relief is a means to an end not an end in itself. Debt relief has some important benefits for countries concerned. Firstly, it frees the governments own resources to fund development. Secondly, it is a way of signaling donor support for the long-term programs of a government. Thirdly, it can help
10、to simulate the investment necessary for long-term growth. But, of course, sometimes debt relief will not be the right option. Aid funds used for debt relief have an opportunity cost. Sometimes money will be better spent on direct support for the health or education sectors, or to promote sustainabl
11、e livelihood. The key question to ask is what the role debt relief plays in eliminating poverty.（分数：25.00）_2.BPassage 2/B What we need is a “Culture of Tolerance“, a way to reconcile the need for identity with an open and outward-looking spirit. Tolerance does not mean indifference towards those we
12、see as “others“ than ourselves, towards their culture and religion, background or origin. Tolerance requires that we have some knowledge arid understanding of these others. When familiar structures disappear, borders become irrelevant and the language of the market invades every aspect of dally life
13、, people increasingly look to their cultural roots. They seek to reassert their identity-in terms of language, ethnic origin, religion or cultural heritage. To want to know who and what you are is a natural and very powerful human need. It is a need, I believe, responsible leaders should respond to,
14、 got suppress, because only the right kind of response will prevent people from turning to the false and dangerous supporter of nationalism, fundamentalism or xenophobia. Howeverand this is crucial responsible leaders must resist the temptation to exploit this need for their own purposes. The fright
15、ening scenario of escalating cultural conflict in a world of soon seven billion people should be a strong incentive for all of us to look for practical ways to foster cooperation. We are required to provide honest answers to tough questions which I do not want to suppress. What are different religio
16、us groups ready to contribute to this joint effort? Is there a readiness to seriously discuss the tensions and contradictions that arise from a strict interpretation of different religions on the one hand and fundamental human rights as we understand them on the other? Can we reach a consensus on th
17、e rights of women, on their full participation in society, on their equal right to education and training? Is there a broad consensus to unambiguously condemn any religious justification of suicide attacks? Can we work together to find a peaceful and just agreement on the question of Jerusalem, ther
18、eby resolving one of the most difficult issues of the Middle East conflict? An agreement which will provide a peaceful solution that satisfies all the faithful, one that is worthy of the three great religions? Those are questions we cannot evade if we are serious about preventing cultural and politi
19、cal faultiness. We must engage in a dialogue among civilizations, a commitment to the peaceful resolution of differences, to tolerance and mutual respect. That is a challenge that requires a clear understanding, however, of our own fundamental values, values we must defend but also live up to. Our w
20、orld will always be defined by the diversity of our societies and cultural traditions. If there is respect and tolerance for our differences, they will enrich all our lives. But if such differences are exploited for political ends, they may cause untold harm. What is the real meaning of tolerance an
21、d dialogue in this whole process? This dialogue can only succeed, if Orient and Occident engage in it on equal terms. Tolerance, then, means respecting the fact that civilizations are different. Dialogue, as I see it, means seeking a common understanding of those values that will guide us through th
22、e twenty-first century. This kind of “intercultural dialogue“ is a very ambitious goal. To achieve it, we must all begin work at home, within our own societies. We for our part are striving to develop and practice the kind of tolerance I have described. That needs time and in some cases requires dif
23、ficult judgments. Once we have reached a clear and solid consensus on those values we hold in common, it is up to political leaders to endorse these rights. They must defend this spirit of openness in society, defend it against the modem fundamentalisms that seek to impose their own absolute truths.
24、 For me, this also means people must be free to practice their religion. The way minorities are treated is the true test of the “culture of tolerance“ for which I am calling. True tolerance is an expression of self-confidence, not weakness. It is only when we succeed with this dialogue within our so
25、cieties, that we can really reap the fruits of a dialogue between our societies. This dialogue is a serious effort to resolve social and political differences, an effort that includes mutual respect for each others way of life but excludes any resort to violence. Let us make a real effort to move aw
26、ay from “a culture of lecturing each other“ to “a culture of learning from each other“. That is what we must work for, each one of us beginning in our own country yet also all together.（分数：25.00）_二、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：100.00)3.BPassage 1/B 主席先生， 女士们、先生们： 目前，国际形势正处于深刻变化之中。和平与发展仍然是当今时代的主题，总体和平的国际环境为世界经济
27、发展提供了有利条件；科技进步日新月异并孕育着新的重大突破，前所未有地提高了人类认识、把握宏观和微观世界的能力，展现了新的发展前景；经济全球化趋势正在向新的广度和深度演进，国际生产要素流动和产业转移加快，大大拓展了国际经济技术合作，促进了商品和资源在全球范围内的流动与优化配置。同时要看到，当今世界也存在一些不利于和平与发展的因素。局部战争和冲突仍时有爆发，恐怖主义、武器扩散、疾病传播等非传统安全问题日益突出；重大自然灾害给人类的生存与发展带来了巨大威胁；南北发展差距进一步拉大，新的贸易壁垒和保护主义不断出现；能源、资源消耗大幅度增长，生态破坏和环境恶化问题严重。 中国坚决支持并积极参与国际经济社
28、会发展合作，呼吁国际社会在以下几个方面作出不懈努力： 第一，继续扩大经济技术等领域的国际合作。加强资金、先进技术、管理经验和人才资源等领域的国际交流合作，有利于各国相互学习和借鉴发展经验，发挥各自优势，优化全球资源配置，对推动各国经济发展具有重要意义。世界各国和地区应进一步相互开放市场，放开技术出口限制，继续推进贸易和投资自由化和便利化，消除各种贸易壁垒。国际社会还应该携起手来，共同应对来自安全、自然灾害等领域的挑战。 第二，构建资源节约型和循环经济发展模式。人类发展的历史经验表明，以资源浪费、环境破坏为代价换取一时的发展，人类必将受到严厉惩罚，最终也会危及发展本身。为了我们的美好家园，为了我
29、们的子孙后代，我们应该走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少的发展道路。要提倡绿色生产方式、生活方式和消费方式，构建资源节约型国民经济体系和资源节约型社会。要根据自然的承载能力规划经济社会发展，同时要积极开展生态环境保护和建设，坚决禁止各种掠夺自然、破坏自然的做法。 第三，努力建立公正合理的国际经济新秩序。应加强多边、双边贸易合作，积极推进区域经济合作。推动多哈回合贸易谈判取得进展，实现“发展回合”的目标。要继续在平等基础上推进南北对话，充分考虑发展中国家的利益，尊重世界的多样性，提倡国际关系民主化和发展模式多样化，使各国特别是发展中国家从经济全球化中受益。要推动国际经济、贸易和金融
30、体制的改革，创造更好的国际经济环境。 第四，积极帮助发展中国家加快发展步伐。帮助发展中国家提高发展水平，尽快缩小日益拉大的南北发展差距，既是国际社会的责任，也是推动世界经济持续发展的必然要求。发展中国家对自身发展负有主要责任。发达国家应切实承担和履行应尽的义务，切实减免发展中国家的债务，增加不附加任何条件的官方援助；应帮助发展中国家加强人才资源开发，增强科技创新能力，挖掘国内市场潜力，使发展中国家形成自我发展能力；应采取有效措施，减少经济全球化可能给发展中国家带来的风险，努力实现共同发展、共同繁荣。（分数：50.00）_4.BPassage 2/B 我国金融改革的不断深化将为外资银行与中资银行
31、的合作带来新的机遇。银监会鼓励外资银行通过参股中资银行，在业务、客户和市场方面获得突破；同时，在公司治理、内控、风险管理和经营理念方面带来先进的经验和做法，使中、外资银行在合作中共同获得发展。 作为深化金融改革的一个重要方面，我们欢迎合格的境外战略投资者按照自愿和商业原则，参与我国银行业余融机构的重组和改造。经国务院同意，银监会决定将单个外资机构入股的比例由原来规定的 15%提高到 20%；合计外资投资所占比例如低于 25%，被入股机构的性质和业务范围不发生改变。 截至目前，经国务院同意，我过已有 5家股份制商业银行和城市商业银行获准吸收境外投资者入股，其中单个外资机构入股中资银行的最高比例为
32、 15%。吸收外资入股，在改善中资金融机构的资本结构，引进先进管理模式和经营理念，促进经营方式与国际接轨等方面发挥了明显和积极的作用。在这里举两个例子。 上海银行：上海银行吸收了国际金融公司、汇丰银行、香港上海商业银行投资入股，三个外方股东总共持股 18%。外方股东通过提供各种技术援助和派驻董事发挥作用，使上海银行在完善治理结构、引进先进的经营管理理念和技术、加强内控等方面取得了很大进步，在城市商业银行中较早采用了规范的申报制度，披露经营管理状况。 南京市商业银行：吸收国际金融公司入股，持股比例为 15%，是第三大股东。IFC 入股后，在完善南京市商业银行的治理结构、经营管理体制、信贷结构、会
33、计制度等方面提出了大量建议，其中很多建议已在实施之中，对促进南京市商业银行提高经营管理水平发挥了重要作用。（分数：50.00）_翻译二级口译实务-8 答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.BPassage 1/B I want today to set debt reduction in the context of development challenges of poor countries. My key message is that we need a change in the way we look at t
34、he purpose of debt relief: from ending debt to ending poverty. I think that debt relief is a strong antipoverty weapon, but it must be part of a broader development strategy. We need to look beyond external sustainability to include internal sustainability as well. Domestic debt in some countries is
35、 a huge problem, and for several African countries it takes more than 10% of domestic revenue. This points us back to the government budget. We should think about working not just from the concept of external sustainability, but from the expenditure required to pursue the International Development S
36、trategy. This means looking at each countrys domestic strategy for poverty elimination and its internal needs and constraints. Now is a time for new thinking, and the task is an urgent one. One out of four people in the world live in absolute poverty. Deserts are spreading, forests are shrinking, an
37、d seas are being over-fished. With projections of growing strain on all natural resources of the world, and the likelihood of increasing violent conflict and calamity arising from that, it is not just morally imperative that we act to give the poor of the world the chance to get out of poverty; it i
38、s in our interest to do so. There can be no secure future for our children and grandchildren unless we build a more equitable world. So, we need to implement this change in the goal of debt relief: from ending debt to ending poverty. Debt reduction from now on has to be linked to the international d
39、evelopment strategy. Debt is not evil in itself. Borrowing for high-quality investment is clearly beneficial and appreciated. The aim should be for countries to borrow prudently along a sustainable path to fund priority investments. This requires a clear debt management strategy. To make real progre
40、ss, the government and people of each country must develop a clearly defined approach to this complex challenge. The priorities of government budgets are obviously central to this. We need to look at the expenditure necessary to achieve poverty reduction objectives and then see how debt reduction ca
41、n contribute to making it possible. We must always remember debt relief is a means to an end not an end in itself. Debt relief has some important benefits for countries concerned. Firstly, it frees the governments own resources to fund development. Secondly, it is a way of signaling donor support fo
42、r the long-term programs of a government. Thirdly, it can help to simulate the investment necessary for long-term growth. But, of course, sometimes debt relief will not be the right option. Aid funds used for debt relief have an opportunity cost. Sometimes money will be better spent on direct suppor
43、t for the health or education sectors, or to promote sustainable livelihood. The key question to ask is what the role debt relief plays in eliminating poverty.（分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：今天，我想谈一谈在贫穷国家发展机遇这个背景下减轻债务问题。我要谈的关键问题是我们要重新看待债务减轻的目的，要从消除债务到消除贫穷。我认为减轻债务是消除贫困的强大武器，但它必须是更广泛的发展策略的组成部分。 我们必须在关注外部可持续性发展的同
44、时注意内部可持续性发展。一些国家的国内债务问题仍然很严重，一些非洲国家的债务甚至超过了国内收入的 10%。这使我们再度关注政府预算。我们不应该仅从外部可持续性发展的角度，还应该从贯彻国际发展战略所需要的开支这个角度考虑工作。也就是说，我们需要研究各国的国内扶贫政策，以及国内需求和条件限制。 现在是我们转变思路的时候了，我们的任务十分紧迫。世界上有四分之一的人还生活在赤贫中，沙漠在扩大，森林在缩小，海洋正被过度捕捞。随着世界自然资源面临的压力越来越大，由此更可能导致激烈的冲突和灾害，因此，帮助全球的贫穷者摆脱贫困，不仅仅是我们的道义责任，也是我们的利益所在。不建立一个更公正的世界，我们的子孙后代
45、就没有安全的未来。 因此，我们倡议调整目标，从免除债务到消除贫困。从现在开始，债务减轻必须与国际发展战略联系起来。 欠债本身并无好坏。为了高质量的投资而借债显然是有益的且可以理解的。但是，国家应该寻求可持续发展，谨慎借债，投资优先项目。这需要有明确的债务管理战略。为了取得真正的进展，各国政府和人民必须制定出明确的方案，以应对目前复杂的挑战。 很明显，关键是政府预算中的优先项目。首先要知道实现消除贫困目标需要多大开支，然后决定怎样通过削减债务来达到这一目的。切记，消除债务只是手段而非目的。 消除债务对有关国家有几大好处。首先，政府不必使用自己的资源资助发展。第二，消除债务标志着捐赠者对政府长期计
46、划的支持。第三，消除债务有助于刺激长期发展所必要的投资。 诚然，消除债务并非都是正确的选择。因为用于消除债务的援助资金也有机会成本。有时资金最好直接用于资助健康和教育项目，或用来实现可持续的生活方式。关键问题是减轻债务在消除贫困中所起的作用。 综合解析 本文是一段有关减轻发展中国家债务的讲话，主要涉及南北差距的问题。文中通过具体的例子，指出减轻债务的重要性、必要性以及紧迫性，同时还指出了减轻债务过程中应注意的问题。 本文要求应试者掌握一定的国际经济发展常识，尤其是对于贫富差距、南北差距有一定的了解，熟悉相关的专门词汇和表达方式，这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累，是翻译的基本要求。此外，应试者还需要
47、在短时间内，对长难句进行正确的理解、分析、简化或切分，把握好两种语言各自特色，完成双语间的转换；对于一些较为生僻的短语和表达法，不能死译、硬译，而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通，使译文通顺流畅。 基本素质采分点 以下单词或短语是本文所要考查的基础知识点，涉及相关知识领域的专有名词和一些惯用表达法，是应试者理解和翻译的基础。 1debt reduction 债务减轻 2debt relief 减轻债务 3domestic revenue 国内收入 4government budget 政府预算 5the International Development Strategy 国际发展战略 结构理解采分
48、点 下面是本文中出现的长难句，要求应试者在听的过程中理解并分析出句子所包含的意群之间的逻辑关系，尊重目的语特点，将原文转换成通顺、地道的目的语。在转换的过程中，应试者需要完成诸如语序调整、词类转换、语态转换等翻译过程。 1I think that debt relief is a strong anti-poverty weapon, but it must be part of a broader development strategy. 原句的主干是“I think that.”。“that”引导宾语从句，其中又包含一个由“but”引导的并列复句。翻译时，整体上可以采用顺译法；在翻译“of”后置短语时，应按照汉语的习惯，将其提到所修饰的“part”之前。 2Domestic debt in some count
