1、翻译二级口译实务-36 及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：75.00)1.下面你将听到一段有关非洲粮食安全问题的讲话。 I am pleased to welcome you to the United Nations for this first meeting of your contact group.Your focus on food security in Africa comes at a crucial time. The latest food crisis on the continent has brought
2、home to us, more than ever before, the urgent need for a strategy to break the pattern of recurrent crises and bring about a Green Revolution in Africa. But achieving this will require radical approaches on multiple fronts.Africa has faced food crises in the past; it has faced deadly diseases; it ha
3、s struggled to come to terms with governance challenges in states with limited capacity and resources.But rarely has the continent had to face the kind of intersecting challenges we see today. Today, Africa faces a deadly triad of related burdens food insecurity, HIV/AIDS and an emaciated capacity t
4、o govern and provide services.We cannot freed viable solutions to the challenge of food security unless we address the challenges of AIDS and governance at the same time.Food insecurity in Africa has structural causes. Most African farmers farm small plots of land that do not produce enough to meet
5、the needs of their families. The problem is compounded by the farmers lack of bargaining power and lack of access to land, finance and technology.This further weakens farmers ability to withstand the impact of recurrent drought and the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic.Thirty million Africans now live with
6、HIV, and the continent has borne the brunt of more than 20 million AIDS deaths worldwide. In some areas of Africa, more than 40 percent of the population is HIV-positive, and similar proportions are going hungry.The devastating impact of HIV/AIDS on food production with seven million African farmers
7、 already dead - is only too obvious. Infection rates are rising among African women. The latest figures show that women make up 58 percent of Africans already infected.Because of AIDS, skills and knowledge are dying out rather than being passed from one generation to the next. Both at the household
8、level and the government level, resources are being diverted from food production to health care. In turn, food shortages fuel the disease, through malnutrition, poverty and inequality.Clearly, breaking this destructive cycle poses a huge challenge to governance. It will re- quire strong institution
9、s, improved skills and innovative policies. But in an irony so typical of the age of AIDS, Africas ability to govern and to provide services is itself being stretched to breaking point by the disease.This interlocking set of issues facing Africa is far greater than the sum of its parts. Ad- dressing
10、 the issue I have raised requires a new, integrated response from both the Governments of Africa and the international community. It requires a shift from short-term approaches to a reassessment of our entire strategy for development or, taking long-term measures even when addressing short-term emer
11、gencies.Ladies and gentlemen,The United Nations family is already joining forces to mount the coordinated effort needed. I hope you will work across the board with us, and with the Governments of Africa, in developing the range of revolutionary approaches we need to tackle the deadly triad and break
12、 the pattern of food crises in Africa.I opened my remarks with a message of despair; let me close with one hope. Yes, this is an unprecedented set of challenges. But your presence here today tells me that we have unprecedented consensus on the need to confront them. Together, we must mobilize the po
13、litical will to succeed.Thank you very much. （分数：25.00）_2.Ladies and Gentlemen, I am very honoured to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished audience of university presidents, vice-chancellors and accomplished scholars from around the world. I must congratulate theAssociation of Univer
14、sity Presidents of China on its achievements since its establishment in 1997. TONETONE It is the first association of its kind, and it will be a strong force for enhancing academic cooperationbetween Hong Kong and the mainland and between China and the world. I also applaud the Associationfor organi
15、sing this meaningful event which draws together so many top brains from around the world. Thesynergy it generates will point the way for the development of the global tertiary education sector into thenext century. TONETONE Today, whilst innovation and technology are the driving force of the world a
16、nd fuel its engine, it is thepeople that make the engines work. We wish to see in our younger generation an all-round developmentcovering ethics, intellect, physique, social skills and aesthetics. We wish to see in our younger generations theability to assimilate modern technology and ideas. TONETON
17、E We wish to see in our younger generation creativity, critical thinking and a global outlook. We wishto see in our younger generation a strength of character, a spirit of enterprise, the desire for continuousimprovement and the versatility to cope with the changing needs of our community. And we wi
18、sh to see inour younger generation a sense of responsibility towards ones own family, ones own community, ones owncountry and indeed the world. TONETONE In Hong Kong we strongly believe education enables us to cultivate these noble qualities in our nextgeneration. Education also creates and expands
19、the pool of talents to maintain Hong Kongs economicdevelopment and international competitiveness. That is why education is always one of our top priorities and continues to be the single biggest item of the Governments budget, accounting for 19% of our total public recurrent expenditure. Despite the
20、 economic downturn, public expenditure on education will have about 8%growth in real terms in this fiscal year. TONETONE Our best universities are among the top ten in the region, and our best students are among the best in theworld. However, the success ofHong Kong lies in our flexibility to respon
21、d to changes and our determinationfor improvement. We have to inject new life into the whole education sector. To achieve this, we areundergoing major reforms in our education system, our examination system, our education regulators, ourschools, our teachers and, above all, our attitude towards educ
22、ation. TONETONE Education is a continuum. The inputs into the tertiary sector are the outputs from the school sector. Wehope that several years down the road, the tertiary sector is able to reap the benefits from our reforms in thebasic education sector which we are now embarking on. But universitie
23、s cannot simply wait. They have toensure that their current outputs, that is, their graduates and their research work, meet the aspirations of thecommunity. TONETONE （分数：50.00）_二、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：75.00)3.实行改革开放以来，中国进入了发展最快，进步最大、变化最深刻的历史时期。 1979 年至 2003 年，中国经济年均增长 9.4%，居民消费水平年均提高 7%，进出口总额年均增长 16%，成为
24、世界上发展最快的国家之一。2003 年，拥有 13 亿人口的中国，人均国内生产总值第一次超过了 1000 美元，人民生活总体上达到了小康水平。/从 2003 年下半年开始，中国政府针对经济运行中的突出矛盾和问题，果断采取了一系列宏观调控政策措施，在较短的时间内取得阶段性成效，经济运行中的一些不健康不稳定因素得到抑制，国民经济继续保持平稳较快发展势头。2004 年中国国内生产总值达到 1.65 万亿美元，同比增长 9.5%。进出口总额达到11547 亿美元，由 2003 年的世界第 4 位提升到第 3 位。/中国经济之所以能够实现长期持续快速发展，主要是由于我们始终坚持以经济建设为中心，用发展的
25、办法解决前进中的问题，坚持社会主义市场经济的改革方向，大力推进体制机制创新，不断为经济社会发展注入强大动力；坚持“引进来”和“走出去”相结合，积极参与国际经济技术合作和竞争，充分利用国际国内两个市场、两种资源。/本世纪头 20 年，是中国经济社会发展的重要战略机遇期。今后十几年，我们将努力把握机遇，用好机遇，集中精力全面建设小康社会，争取到 2020 年实现国内生产总值比 2000 年翻两番，达到 4 万亿美元，人均国内生产总值达到 3000 美元，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步，文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。/（分数：25.00）_正确答案：(Since refo
26、rm and opening-up, China has entered a period of rapid development, huge progress and profound transformation unprecedented in history. From 1979 to 2003, China registered a 9.4% annual growth rate for its national economy, 7% for peoples consumption level and 16% for total import and export volume.
27、 China has become one of the fastest growing countries in the world. In 2003, the per capita GDP of China, a country of 1.3 billion people, exceeded USS 1,000 for the first time and its people have on the whole been able to live a moderately comfortable life. / To address the outstanding problems in
28、 the national economy, the Chinese Government had taken a series of macro-control measures starting from the second half of 2003, which have yielded positive results within a short period. Some unhealthy and unstable factors in the economic performance have been contained and the national economy ha
29、s maintained a momentum of stable and relatively fast development. Chinas GDP in 2004 is USS 1.65 trillion, a 9.5% year-on-year growth, and its total import and export volume to exceed USS 1.1547 trillion, rising from the fourth place in 2003 to the third in the world. / The sustained rapid developm
30、ent of Chinas economy is attributable to the following factors: the governments adherence to economic development as the central task, and solution to the problems on our way forward and to building socialist market economy as the direction of reform; our relentless efforts for institutional innovat
31、ion, which has lent a strong impetus to socio-economic development; our policies of “inviting in“ and “going out“ and active participation in international economic and technical cooperation and competition in a bid to make full use of both domestic and foreign markets and resources./ The first two
32、decades of this century is a period of important strategic opportunities for Chinas socio-economic development. In the next decade and more, we will strive to seize the opportunity and concentrate on building a society with moderate prosperity, so that in 2020 Chinas GDP will reach US4 trillion, qua
33、drupling that of 2000, and per capita GDP will reach US3,000. By that time, China will be more developed economically, with an improved democracy system. advanced science and education and a flourishing culture, its people enjoying a better life in a harmonious society./)解析：4.党的十一届三中全会以来，随着党和国家工作重点转
34、移到以经济建设为中心，教育在社会主义现代化建设中的地位和作用也越来越重要，我国教育的改革和发展取得了很大的成就。进入 20 世纪 90 年代，科学技术日新月异，知识经济初见端倪，综合国力竞争日趋激烈，我国社会主义市场经济建设步伐加快，知识和人才的作用日益重要，我国教育的改革和发展面临新的机遇和挑战。一些长期困扰教育发展的问题越来越凸显出来，我国教育的改革和发展还滞后于建设中国特色社会主义的要求。教育经费的增长还很不适应教育事业发展的需要，经费紧张仍然是制约我国教育发展的一个突出问题；教师工资偏低且被拖欠，教师工作生活条件较差，尤其是住房困难问题十分突出。这些都需要采取措施尽快解决。1992 年
35、，党的十四大明确提出：“必须把教育摆在优先发展的战略地位，努力提高全民族的思想道德和科学文化水平，这是实现我国现代化的根本大计。”1993 年，党中央、国务院制定了中国教育改革和发展纲要，中华人民共和国教师法颁布。1995年，中华人民共和国教育法颁布，党中央、国务院决定实施科教兴国战略。这些重大决策为解决我国教育问题指明了方向。我国教育进入了改革发展的新时期。 （分数：50.00）_正确答案：(Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Central Committee was held in 1978, we have shi
36、fted the focal point of the Party and states work onto economic development. Education has played a more and more role in the socialist modernization drive. Remarkable achievements have been scored in educational reform and development. In the early 1990s, science and technology advanced with each p
37、assing day. The knowledge economy emerged, and competition in the overall national strength intensified. The pace of establishing Chinas socialist market economy was accelerated, and knowledge and qualified personnel played an increasingly important role. Our educational reform and development faced
38、 new opportunities and challenges. Some long-standing problems which impeded educational development were more and more outstanding, so our educational reform and development still fell short of what was needed for building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Inadequate funding remained an outst
39、anding problem impeding our educational development, with increased educational outlays unable to meet educational needs. Teachers salaries were low and often in arrears. Moreover, their working and living conditions were poor, with their housing shortage being an outstanding problem. In 1992, the P
40、artys Fourteenth National Congress made it clear that “Strategic priority must be given to education, and efforts must be made to raise the ideological, ethical, scientific and cultural standards of the whole nation. This is the fundamental policy for realizing our modernization.“ In 1993, the Party
41、 Central Committee and the State Council formulated the Program for Educational Reform and Development in China and promulgated the Teachers Law of the Peoples Republic of China. In 1995, the Education Law of the Peoples Republic of China was promulgated. The Party Central Committee and the State Co
42、uncil decided to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. These major policy decisions have paved the way for solving our educational problems. Our education has entered a new period of reform and development.)解析：解析 本文是一段关于中国教育改革与发展的讲话。文中介绍了从党的十一届三中全会以来，中国教育事
43、业的发展，同时也指出了不同时期中国教育事业发展中所面临的困难和出现的问题，并指出了政府在各个阶段的教育政策和方针。 本文要求应试者掌握一定的中国政策和教育常识，以及与之相关的专门词汇和表达方式，这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累，是翻译的基本要求。此外，应试者还需要在听的短时间内，对汉语特色的流水句做出相应的分析，适当地将其切分为多个独立的英文句子。翻译时把握好两种语言各自特色，完成双语间的转换。对于一些较为生僻的短语和表达法，不能死译、硬译，而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通，使译文通顺流畅。 基本素质采分点 以下单词或短语是本文所要考查的基础知识点，涉及相关知识领域的专有名词和一些惯用表达法，是应试者
44、理解和翻译的基础。 1党的十一届三中全会 the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Central Committee 2党的十四大 the Partys Fourteenth National Congress 3中国教育改革和发展纲要 The Program for Educational Reform and Development in China 4中华人民共和国教师法 the Teachers Law of the Peoples Rebublic of China 5中华人民共和国教育法 the Education Law o
45、f the Peoples Republic of China 结构理解采分点 下面是本文中出现的长难句，要求应试者在听的过程中迅速理解并分析出句子中所包含的意群之间的逻辑关系，并尊重目的语特点，将原文转换成通顺、地道的目的语。在这个转换的过程中，应试者经常需要经历诸如语序调整、词类转换、语态转换等翻译过程。 11978年，党的十一届三中全会以来，随着党和国家工作重点转移到以经济建设为中心，教育在社会主义现代化建设中的地位和作用也越来越重要，我国教育的改革和发展取得了很大的成就。 原句信息量大，内容复杂。“党的以经济建设为中心”与后面的部分强调的重心不同，虽然有一定的内在联系，可以将汉语的这种
46、流水句切开来，表达成几个独立的句子。党的十一届三中全会在我国改革开放的进程中意义重大，在翻译时应加上该全会的召开时间 1978 年，以强调改革开放的起始时间。 2进入 20 世纪 90 年代，科学技术日新月异，知识经济初见端倪，综合国力竞争日趋激烈，我国社会主义市场经济建设步伐加快，知识和人才的作用日益重要，我国教育的改革和发展面临新的机遇和挑战。 原句是典型的汉语流水句，众多短语结构靠内在逻辑顺序并排。我们可以采取拆分句子的方法，将这个句子分成几个独立的句子。 3一些长期困扰教育发展的问题越来越凸显出来，我国教育的改革和发展还滞后于建设中国特色社会主义的要求。 原句前后两部分内在的关系为因果
47、关系，在翻译时，可以借助一定的英语连接词将两个分句结合起来。“滞后于的要求”，此处“滞后”是“满足不了”的意思，可以翻译成“fall short of what is needed for.”。 4教育经费的增长还很不适应教育事业发展的需要，经费紧张仍然是制约我国教育发展的一个突出问题。 原句前后两个分句的内在逻辑关系是因果关系。本句的目的在于指出教育存在的一个问题，所以强调“果”，因而最好把本句的语序调整一下，而原因状语可以用“with”介词短语来表达。 5必须把教育摆在优先发展的战略地位，努力提高全民族的思想道德和科学文化水平，这是实现我国现代化的根本大计。 原句三个分句中，前两个为并列成
48、分，可以用“and”连接起来，后面的分句以“这”引导，可以在此断开句子。本句前半部分看似没有主语，是因为主语众所周知的，可以省略，而英语中为了避免指出隐含的动作执行者，经常使用被动语态。 言语表达采分点 应试者不仅需要从宏观上整体把握原文的结构和意思，还需要从微观上正确理解和运用一些重要词汇和表达法。 1以经济建设为中心 shift. onto economic development 2社会主义现代化建设 socialist modernization drive 3知识经济 knowledge economy 4综合国力 overall national strength 5社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy 6建设中国特色社会主义 build socialism with Chinese characteristics 7优先 give priority to 8科教兴国
