1、翻译二级口译实务-35 及答案解析(总分：125.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.下面你将听到外商有关中国零售业发展情况的一段讲话。Chinas economy, once reliant on state spending in heavy industry, has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth. Market-oriented reforms begun in 1978 have created a growing private sector, and much
2、 of that is concentrated in the retail trade. The state has also moved aggressively to tap the retail market as reforms put money in the pockets of the nations consumers. That has created a service economy where, sometimes, the customer really is king.Before the reforms took hold, a shopping excursi
3、on often meant a test of wills, with sleepy attendants at state-owned stores with little incentive to sell. Goods were often shoddy and carelessly displayed. Shortages were common and ration coupons were needed to buy anything from rice to cloth and cooking oil. Those days are all but forgotten now.
4、Broadly defined, retail consumption, estimated in excess of US $450 billion, is growing by about 10% annually. With a value added tax of 17% applied to all goods, the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue. Since 1978, the private sector has embraced retailing in a big way. Government-
5、owned factories have been forced to lay off millions of workers to trim costs and start making a profit. That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector, with a high percentage operating privately-run comer shops, convenience stores, clothing shops, bars and restaurants, and even beauty
6、 parlors and dry cleaners.Foreign investors have also moved into the market in force, investing more than US $3 billion in China since 1992. Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart, some 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelera
7、te following Chinas entry into the WTO. While foreign-invested stores still account for only 2-4% of all retail sales, their impact has been profound. Their presence has forced local retailers to compete by expanding their scale of business and making their stores more attractive to customers. The n
8、ew entrants in the market have brought an array of goods. While foreign brands were once reserved for the elite or wealthy foreigners, they are now aimed at local customers. （分数：25.00）_2.The ongoing economic globalization and rapid advances of science and technology have generated unprecedented tech
9、nological conditions for global economic and social development in the new century. In particular, the development of information and communications technologies has been making tremendous impact on our economic, social and cultural life.On the one hand, informationization presents valuable “digital
10、 opportunities“ for economic growth and social progress. On the other hand, it presents various challenges to us. Many countries are taking active measures to push the development of information technologies and the information industry in an effort to accelerate national informatization processes.H
11、owever, the development of information industry worldwide is seriously unbalanced. The gap between the rich and the poor in enjoying the benefits of and utilizing information resources and information technologies is widening instead of narrowing, putting the developing countries in a more disadvant
12、ageous position. This will inevitably further aggravate the social and economic disparity between the North and the South.Narrowing and ultimately eliminating the “digital divide“ is a major issue to be addressed in the process of building the information society. Otherwise, we could not be able to
13、attain the goal of sustainable, sound and coordinated development of the global information society.Weak information infrastructure has become a major reason for the gap between developing and developed countries and has seriously impaired the developing countries ability to build information societ
14、y. Therefore, we shall put emphasis on exploring the strategic goals for developing countries to accelerate their information infrastructure build-out.These strategic goals may include: government macroeconomic control and market regulation policies, information regulation system in line with nation
15、al conditions, sound relationship between technological development and market growth, avoiding market risks, innovative financing mechanisms for more financing channels, etc.In the future information society, knowledge and skills will be a major driver for economic growth and one of the major contr
16、ibutors to the sustainable development of the information industry. One of the main reasons for the gap between developing and developed countries in information technologies is the lack of knowledge and human resources, which is a key issue to be considered in bridging the “digital divide“.So we sh
17、all consider establishing innovative mechanisms for human resources development and explore ways to improve human resources development on the basis of the existing training centers and training resources as well as the Internet so as to enhance the awareness of information technology.Moreover, brid
18、ging the “digital divide“ requires joint efforts of all countries around the world. Developed countries in particular shall truly shoulder their responsibilities in helping the developing countries accelerate their informatization processes and narrowing the “digital divide“.Concrete actions shall b
19、e taken, on the basis of the principles of mutually beneficial cooperation, to offer active assistance to developing countries in the form of financial support, technology transfer and human resources training, etc. （分数：25.00）_二、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：75.00)3.下面你将听到一段关于中国法制建设的讲话。当今是法行天下的时代。国运之兴盛，政治之昌明，社会
20、之稳定，经济之发展，民族之团结，文化之繁荣，人民之安居乐业，都离不开法律之维系和法律之保障。中国也不例外。 一个国家采取什么样的治国方略，关系着国家的前途和命运。20 世纪末，拥有十二亿人口的中国向全世界宣示了它的治国方略依法治国，并在此道路上迈出了坚实的步伐：一个适应社会主义市场经济的法律体系正在发育成熟；一个转变政府职能、严格依法行政的变革正在有序进行；一场围绕公正与效率的司法体制改革正在不断深化；一项把法律交给亿万人民的宏大社会工程正在深入持久地进行。诸位知道，实现经济发展，宪法是最重要最根本的法律保障。新中国成立初期，对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业完成社会主义改造后，公有制成了主要所有
21、制模式，私有经济没有合法的地位；计划经济成了主要的经济体制模式，企业自身没有经营的自主权；按劳分配成了主要的分配模式，公民没有按劳分配收入外的其他收入。在这种经济制度下，中国的经济发展非常缓慢。1978 年，中国开始实行改革开放。1988 年，中国对现行宪法进行第一次修正，确认了私有经济的合法地位；1993 年，中国对现行宪法又进行了修正，明确国家实行社会主义市场经济。宪法的变革，促进了公有经济和私有经济的共同发展，促进了国家综合国力的增强和人民生活的改善，给中国的政治、经济、社会生活带来了深刻变革。 （分数：25.00）_4.主席先生，女士们、先生们：目前，国际形势正处于深刻变化之中。和平与
22、发展仍然是当今时代的主题，总体和平的国际环境为世界经济发展提供了有利条件；科技进步日新月异并孕育着新的重大突破，前所未有地提高了人类认识、把握宏观和微观世界的能力，展现了新的发展前景；经济全球化趋势正在向新的广度和深度演进，国际生产要素流动和产业转移加快，大大拓展了国际经济技术合作，促进了商品和资源在全球范围内的流动与优化配置。同时要看到，当今世界也存在一些不利于和平与发展的因素。局部战争和冲突仍时有爆发，恐怖主义、武器扩散、疾病传播等非传统安全问题日益突出；重大自然灾害给人类的生存与发展带来了巨大威胁；南北发展差距进一步拉大，新的贸易壁垒和保护主义不断出现；能源、资源消耗大幅度增长，生态破坏
23、和环境恶化问题严重。中国坚决支持并积极参与国际经济社会发展合作，呼吁国际社会在以下几个方面作出不懈努力：第一，继续扩大经济技术等领域的国际合作。加强资金、先进技术、管理经验和人才资源等领域的国际交流合作，有利于各国相互学习和借鉴发展经验，发挥各自优势，优化全球资源配置，对推动各国经济发展具有重要意义。世界各国和地区应进一步相互开放市场，放开技术出口限制，继续推进贸易和投资自由化和便利化，消除各种贸易壁垒。国际社会还应该携起手来，共同应对来自安全、自然灾害等领域的挑战。第二，构建资源节约型和循环经济发展模式。人类发展的历史经验表明，以资源浪费、环境破坏为代价换取一时的发展，人类必将受到严厉惩罚，
24、最终也会危及发展本身。为了我们的美好家园，为了我们的子孙后代，我们应该走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少的发展道路。要提倡绿色生产方式、生活方式和消费方式，构建资源节约型国民经济体系和资源节约型社会。要根据自然的承载能力规划经济社会发展，同时要积极开展生态环境保护和建设，坚决禁止各种掠夺自然、破坏自然的做法。第三，努力建立公正合理的国际经济新秩序。应加强多边、双边贸易合作，积极推进区域经济合作。推动多哈回合贸易谈判取得进展，实现“发展回合”的目标。要继续在平等基础上推进南北对话，充分考虑发展中国家的利益，尊重世界的多样性，提倡国际关系民主化和发展模式多样化，使各国特别是发展中国家
25、从经济全球化中受益。要推动国际经济、贸易和金融体制的改革，创造更好的国际经济环境。第四，积极帮助发展中国家加快发展步伐。帮助发展中国家提高发展水平，尽快缩小日益拉大的南北发展差距，既是国际社会的责任，也是推动世界经济持续发展的必然要求。发展中国家对自身发展负有主要责任。发达国家应切实承担和履行应尽的义务，切实减免发展中国家的债务，增加不附加任何条件的官方援助；应帮助发展中国家加强人才资源开发，增强科技创新能力，挖掘国内市场潜力，使发展中国家形成自我发展能力；应采取有效措施，减少经济全球化可能给发展中国家带来的风险，努力实现共同发展、共同繁荣。 （分数：50.00）_翻译二级口译实务-35 答案
26、解析(总分：125.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.下面你将听到外商有关中国零售业发展情况的一段讲话。Chinas economy, once reliant on state spending in heavy industry, has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth. Market-oriented reforms begun in 1978 have created a growing private sector, and much of that is con
27、centrated in the retail trade. The state has also moved aggressively to tap the retail market as reforms put money in the pockets of the nations consumers. That has created a service economy where, sometimes, the customer really is king.Before the reforms took hold, a shopping excursion often meant
28、a test of wills, with sleepy attendants at state-owned stores with little incentive to sell. Goods were often shoddy and carelessly displayed. Shortages were common and ration coupons were needed to buy anything from rice to cloth and cooking oil. Those days are all but forgotten now.Broadly defined
29、, retail consumption, estimated in excess of US $450 billion, is growing by about 10% annually. With a value added tax of 17% applied to all goods, the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue. Since 1978, the private sector has embraced retailing in a big way. Government-owned factories
30、 have been forced to lay off millions of workers to trim costs and start making a profit. That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector, with a high percentage operating privately-run comer shops, convenience stores, clothing shops, bars and restaurants, and even beauty parlors and dr
31、y cleaners.Foreign investors have also moved into the market in force, investing more than US $3 billion in China since 1992. Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart, some 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate following Ch
32、inas entry into the WTO. While foreign-invested stores still account for only 2-4% of all retail sales, their impact has been profound. Their presence has forced local retailers to compete by expanding their scale of business and making their stores more attractive to customers. The new entrants in
33、the market have brought an array of goods. While foreign brands were once reserved for the elite or wealthy foreigners, they are now aimed at local customers. （分数：25.00）_正确答案：(参考译文中国经济一度靠国家投资重工业来维持增长，而目前零售业已日趋成为经济的增长点。1978 年开始的市场经济改革使私人经济不断扩大，而其中很大部分都集中在零售业。随着改革使消费者的收入日益提高，国家加速了零售业的发展。服务产业的形成使顾客有时也有
34、了当“上帝”的感觉。改革前，逛街购物通常意味着对意志的考验，国营商场里那些昏昏欲睡的售货员们卖东西的积极性不高。货物的质量往往不够好，商品的摆放也是漫不经心。缺货断货是常有的事，大米、布匹、食用油都要凭票购买。那样的日子早已一去不复返了。广义上的零售消费额估计超过 4500 亿美元，并以每年 10%的速度递增。加上所有商品 17%的增值税，零售业已成为国家财政收入的主要来源之一。自 1978 年以来，私营经济大规模进入零售业。国有企业为了降低成本和赢利被迫大批裁减职工。许多下岗职工进入零售业，不少人经营小卖铺、便利店、服装店、酒吧、餐馆，甚至美容店和干洗店。国外投资商也大举进入零售市场。自 1
35、992 年以来，他们在中国的投资已超过 30 亿美元。以家乐福和沃尔玛为首，约 300 家外资零售商获准在中国设立 2200 家连锁店。随着中国的入世，这一发展速度肯定还要加快。虽然外商在零售总额中只占 2%4%，但他们对市场却产生了深远的影响。外商的存在促使国内零售企业在竞争中不断扩大规模，增强对顾客的吸引力。新来者为市场带来了大量的商品，原来仅为精英人士和外国富人准备的外国名牌商品，现在也瞄准了中国本地的消费者。)解析：解析本文主要讨论中国零售业发展的情况。文章将中国市场经济改革前的情况和改革后的情况作了比较，说明中国零售业的迅速发展。文章认为国外投资商大举进入中国零售市场和中国加入世贸组
36、织会对中国零售市场产生深远影响。文章使用了大量的数字统计，以使观点更具有说服力。本文要求考查应试者对中国零售业方面基本知识的掌握情况，包括某些专门用语、具有中国特色的表达、数字单位的换算、专有名词等的掌握情况，以确定其翻译的基本素质；在此基础上，应试者还要在相当短的时间内对长难句理解并准确完整地翻译；对某些短语和单词确切理解其含义并能理解其在上下文语境中的确切用法，使全文的翻译不仅准确完整，而且符合本族语的语言习惯。基本素质采分点以下单词或短语是本文的基础知识点，包括具有中国特色的表达法、专有名词、经济术语、数字单位的换算等，需要应试者正确理解并翻译。1market-oriented refo
37、rm 市场经济改革2state-owned 国有的3ration coupon 配额票据(这里指中国经济改革前实行凭票供应的各种票据)4US $450 billion 4500 亿美元5value added tax 增值税6lay off 下岗7Carrefour 家乐福(国外著名大超市连锁店名)8Wal-Mart 沃尔玛(国外著名大超市连锁店名)9WTO 世界贸易组织结构理解采分点以下各句是本文出现的长难句，需要应试者在很短时间内，判断其结构、大意并组织翻译语言，且保证信息的完整和准确。这要求在听时，应试者要注意长句的基本结构，而后补充次要结构的内容。但组织语言时，因原句信息过于庞杂，这就
38、要求应试者不仅能用符合本族语言习惯的方式表述信息，而且要保证信息在表述过程中不会缺失或误译。1Chinas economy, once reliant on state spending in heavy industry, has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth该句是简单句，其主要结构是 Chinas economy.has looked to the retail sector for growth，而once 后面的 reliant on 形容词短语是对 Chinas economy 的修饰和补充。翻译时，可按照汉语
39、句短的特点，将全句拆成两个句子，又因是口译，可按原句的天然顺序组合信息。因此，原句可译为“中国经济一度靠国家投资重工业来维持增长，而目前零售业已日趋成为经济的增长点。”2With a value added tax of 17% applied to all goods, the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue该句是简单句，其主要结构是 the retail trade is a major contributor.，该句前 with 表伴随状态的结构中还有 applied 过去分词短语修饰 a value added
40、tax，翻译时要将这个过去分词短语译为前置定语。该句主要结构中 contributor to 是动词词组 contribute to(对作出贡献)的变化形式，在口译时可根据上下文情景灵活翻译，因此，原句可译为“加上所有商品 17%的增值税，零售业已成为国家财政收入的主要来源之一。”3That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector, with a high percentage operating privately-run comer shops, convenience stores, clothing shops,
41、bars and restaurants, and even beauty parlors and dry cleaners该句虽然很长，但是简单句，主要结构是 with 短语之前的部分，with 短语部分是现在分词独立主格结构做全句的状语，该部分信息量大，以并列结构形式出现，口译时，需要注意不要漏译。由于 with 短语部分内容庞杂，可将其加主语，译为一句话，因此，原句可译为“许多下岗职工进入零售业，不少人经营小卖铺、便利店、服装店、酒吧、餐馆，甚至美容店和干洗店。”4Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart, some 300 foreig
42、n-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate following Chinas entry into the WTO该句是 and 连接的并列句，包含信息量大。全句主要结构是 some.retailers. have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate.。该句句首 headed by 过去分词短语和句尾 following 现在分词短语均为句中状语成分，以使该句的信息量丰满。
43、全句可按照自然语法单位和自然顺序，拆成三个分句，因此，原句可译为“以家乐福和沃尔玛为首，约 300 家外资零售商获准在中国设立 2200 家连锁店。随着中国的入世，这一发展速度肯定还要加快。”5While foreign-invested stores still account for only 2-4%of all retail sales, their impact has been profound该句是复合句，while 表“虽然”引导让步状语从句。该句的翻译要点是正确理解 while 的含义。因此，原句可译为“虽然外商在零售总额中只占 2%4%，但他们对市场却产生了深远的影响。”言
44、语表达采分点在注意了整体表达的基础上，应试者还应该正确处理对某些重要短语或单词的理解和翻译，以使译文完整通畅。1take hold 主管2incentive 刺激，动力3in excess of 超过4state revenue 国家财政收入5embrace 拥抱；采取；包含(该词必须在上下文情景中翻译)6trim cost 降低成本7in force 大量地，大批地8account for 占9an array of 一系列的10elite 精英人士2.The ongoing economic globalization and rapid advances of science and t
45、echnology have generated unprecedented technological conditions for global economic and social development in the new century. In particular, the development of information and communications technologies has been making tremendous impact on our economic, social and cultural life.On the one hand, in
46、formationization presents valuable “digital opportunities“ for economic growth and social progress. On the other hand, it presents various challenges to us. Many countries are taking active measures to push the development of information technologies and the information industry in an effort to acce
47、lerate national informatization processes.However, the development of information industry worldwide is seriously unbalanced. The gap between the rich and the poor in enjoying the benefits of and utilizing information resources and information technologies is widening instead of narrowing, putting t
48、he developing countries in a more disadvantageous position. This will inevitably further aggravate the social and economic disparity between the North and the South.Narrowing and ultimately eliminating the “digital divide“ is a major issue to be addressed in the process of building the information society. Otherwise, we could not be able to attain the goal of sustainable,
