1、翻译二级口译实务-21 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、汉英口译(总题数：10，分数：100.00)1.Remarks by Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi on the Open Day for University Students to Mark the May Fourth Youth Day3 May 2009Dear Students and Friends, As the May Fourth Youth Day approaches, the Foreign Ministry is holding this open day
2、exclusive for university students. Let me give you a warm welcome on behalf of the ministry. Your youthful energy and warmth have filled this place with springtime vigor and vitality. Let me also thank the Peking University chorus for your passionate and inspiring performance.This year marks the 90t
3、h anniversary of the May Fourth Movement. The essential spirit of the Movement is patriotism. Ninety years ago when our country and nation were at a critical juncture, young people in China came to the fore and spearheaded an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movement on a spectacular scale. This bec
4、ame the prelude to Chinas New Democratic Revolution. Almost a century has passed. Generations of patriotic young people, inspired by the spirit of the May Fourth Movement and striving for their ideals, have devoted their youth and energy to the independence of our nation, well-being of our people an
5、d prosperity of our country. China has been turned from a poor, closed and backward nation into a prosperous, open and ever advancing one. It is right on the path of socialism with Chinese features. We, the Chinese people are immensely proud of what we have achieved.Over the past 90 years, China has
6、 weathered storms in its foreign relations. Once we ceded territories and paid reparations to foreign powers. Now we have Hong Kong and Macao back. Once we were ravaged by wars and turmoil. Now we are a staunch force for world peace. Once we suffered chronic poverty and declining national strength.
7、Now we are vigorously promoting common development of mankind. We have come a long way. Since the founding of new China, especially over the past 30 years of reform and opening-up, Chinas relations with the world have undergone historic changes. Chinas diplomacy has entered a new era. Under the stro
8、ng leadership of the CPC Central Committee and with the firm support of our people, we have seized opportunities and tackled challenges creatively and vigorously in response to changed circumstances. We have made impressive achievements. China has gained a markedly higher standing and growing influe
9、nce in the world. Our friendship and cooperation with countries around the globe are growing across the board. China is active on the world stage as an important, positive force with a more confident and open image. No matter what changes may take place in the world, an unfailing belief always guide
10、s Chinas diplomacythe interests of our country and people are above anything else. And a spirit always inspires Chinese diplomatspatriotism of the persevering Chinese nation.Dear Students and Friends, A sea change has taken place over the past 90 years. What remains unchanged is the Chinese youths h
11、istorical responsibility and sense of mission for our country and nation. The youth of today are better educated, with a broader global vision, ardent patriotic passion, strong ambitions and dedication. The youth are in battles with anti-China and separatist forces, at the forefront of earthquake an
12、d other disaster relief operations, and among volunteers for the Beijing Olympic Games. The youth are persistent, selfless, and afraid of no dangers or difficulties. The youth have upheld the interests of our country, defended the dignity of our nation and enhanced Chinas friendship with other count
13、ries. What the youth have done attests to the world that your generation is the pride of our times, our country and our people.Like the Peoples Republic of China, the Foreign Ministry will soon be 60 years old. Yet our ministry is still young, as young people below 35 years of age make up half of ou
14、r staff. They are bold, enterprising, hard-working, ready to take on responsibilities, and devoted to work. They add brilliance to Chinas diplomacy with their youth, wisdom and hard work. They are best represented by young diplomats here who have just won the title of “outstanding youth of the minis
15、try“. Chinas diplomacy has a big role to play in the 21st century. It serves our country and people. It is a grand undertaking in which one may witness, be a part of, and make history. The Foreign Ministry needs more outstanding young people and provides aspirant young people with a larger stage to
16、serve the country. Join us and work for our country.“If the youth are wise, the country will be wise. If the youth are wealthy, the country will be wealthy. If the youth are strong, the country will be strong.“ Let us carry on the glorious tradition of the May Fourth Movement and promote patriotism.
17、 Let us work together for the great renaissance of our Chinese nation.Dear Students and Friends, Wish you a happy May Fourth Youth Day.Wish you good academic performance and a promising future.Thank you!（分数：10.00）_2.A Speech by a Representative from College Students on the Public Open Day for Colleg
18、e Students of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Celebration of the May Fourth Youth DayHonorable Minister Yang Jiechi, dear diplomats of the Motherland, dear students,My name is Wang Ruijun. I am an undergraduate majoring in the Indonesian language in the School of Foreign Languages (SFL), Peking U
19、niversity. This year marks the 90th anniversary of the “May Fourth Movement“. Peking University is the birthplace of the “May Fourth Movement“. I feel greatly honored and extremely excited to speak here on behalf of the students of Peking University and on behalf of all the students coming to attend
20、 the Open Day for college students in celebration of the May Fourth Youth Day arranged by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. My heart is fueled with a sense of mission and a sense of pride. We are deeply impressed by the approachable manner of the diplomats and their fascinating introductions. Ministe
21、r Yang Jiechis graceful and insightful remarks made us extremely proud of the rising and prospering Motherland and the vigorous development of Chinas diplomacy. Here please allow me, on behalf of all the students participating in todays event, to express our heartfelt thanks to Minister Yang Jiechi
22、and all the hospitable people in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs who show care for and interest in the growth of college students.We will keep in mind the ardent expectations of Minister Yang and take them as an encouragement to keep working hard so as to serve the Motherland. We will resolutely ans
23、wer the call of Minister Yang and continue as always to keep a close eye on the diplomatic undertaking of the Motherland. This is not only because serving the Motherland is the mission of contemporary college students, but also because Chinas diplomacy has increasingly reached the “common people“ an
24、d get increasingly relevant to the work and lives of ordinary people. Such terms as “mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation“, “a big responsible nation“, “soft power“ and “consular protection“ are very popular words among us. “Peaceful development“, “a harmonious world“, “diplomacy with neighbo
25、ring countries“, “big power relations“, “multilateral diplomacy“ and some other terms have also become the focus of discussions on the campuses. As China develops and the interactions with the outside world get increasingly frequent, we must show concern not only to personal affairs, but also to the
26、 affairs of the state and the world. Paying attention to and supporting Chinas diplomacy is not only the requirements of the times but also the duty of the Chinese youth. The young people should keep the Motherland in mind and look to the whole world.Today we listened to the introductions on Chinas
27、diplomatic work made by the director-general of the Information Department and the deputy director-general of the Department of Personnel. We also had face-to-face interactions with the young diplomats from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In the afternoon we will visit Diaoyutai, where many major d
28、iplomatic events took place. We are proud of the extraordinary achievements of the Motherlands diplomacy, but more importantly moved by the sincere patriotism of Chinese diplomats. In our hearts, the images of diplomats become richer and livelier. In addition to the impassioned, eloquent, cheerful,
29、and humorous images, the diplomats of the Motherland have presented before us another image that sacrificed the time for family reunion, endured the tests of hardships, and worked hard despite of life-threatening danger in the front-line. With such understanding, the images of diplomats become lofti
30、er and more vivid. We hold the diplomats in great reverence.We are proud to see that tremendous changes have taken place in todays China compared with 90 years ago when China was still weak and poor or 60 years ago when the new China was just founded. The comprehensive national strength of China con
31、tinued to increase and the international status of China continued to grow. Facing such unprecedented changes of the times, we, the youth, feel an urgent sense of responsibility. How to carry forward the spirit of the “May Fourth Movement“? How to serve the Motherland? These are the issues that we,
32、the students often think about. The deeds of the outstanding diplomats tell us that to integrate love for the country into the mission of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is to truly practice the spirit of the May Fourth Movement and the best return to the country. In turbulent periods, dipl
33、omats fought unremittingly to defend the independence of the Motherland. In the time of reform and development, diplomats fought for the opportunities for economic take-off of the Motherland. Diplomats have the courage to fight and also the will to make silent sacrifices. They have an indomitable sp
34、irit to fight and are also willing to stay unnoticed. They set up a good example for contemporary college students. We wish to learn from them, learn their noble spirit of patriotism for the Motherland at their posts, learn their good quality of hard work and sacrifice, and learn their work style of
35、 pursuing excellence and observing discipline. Fellow college students, let us join hands to dedicate our youth to the development of the Motherland and compose a more brilliant chapter for the future of the Motherland.Thank you.（分数：10.00）_3.毕业典礼演讲都遵循古典奏鸣曲的结构，我的演讲也不例外。刚才是第一乐章轻快的闲谈。接下来的第二乐章是送上门的忠告。这样
36、的忠告很少被重视，几乎注定被忘记，永远不会被实践。但是，就像王尔德说的：“对于忠告，你所能做的，就是把它送给别人，因为它对你没有任何用处。”所以，下面就是我的忠告。第一，取得成就的时候，不要忘记前人。要感谢你的父母和支持你的朋友，要感谢那些启发过你的教授，尤其要感谢那些上不好课的教授，因为他们迫使你自学。从长远看，自学能力是优秀的文理教育中必不可少的，将成为你成功的关键。你还要去拥抱你的同学，感谢他们同你进行过的许多次彻夜长谈，这为你的教育带来了无法衡量的价值。当然，你还要感谢哈佛大学。不过即使你忘了这一点，校友会也会来提醒你。第二，在你们未来的人生中，做一个慷慨大方的人。在任何谈判中，都把最
37、后一点点利益留给对方。不要把桌上的钱都拿走。在合作中，要牢记荣誉不是一个守恒的量。成功合作的任何一方，都应获得全部荣誉的 90%。电影 Harvey 中，Jimmy Stewart 扮演的角色 Elwood P. Dowd，就完全理解这一点。他说：“多年前，母亲曾经对我说，Elwood，活在这个世界上，你要么做一个聪明人，要么做一个好人。”我做聪明人，已经做了好多年了。但是，我推荐你们做好人。你们可以引用我这句话。我的第三个忠告是，当你开始生活的新阶段时，请跟随你的爱好。如果你没有爱好，就去找，找不到就不罢休。生命太短暂，如果想有所成，你必须对某样东西倾注你的深情。我在你们这个年龄，是超级的一
38、根筋，我的目标就是非成为物理学家不可。本科毕业后，我在加州大学伯克利分校又待了 8 年，读完了研究生，做完了博士后，然后去贝尔实验室待了 9 年。在这些年中，我关注的重心和职业上的全部乐趣，都来自物理学。我还有最后一个忠告，就是说兴趣爱好固然重要，但是你不应该只考虑兴趣爱好。当你白发苍苍、垂垂老矣、回首人生时，你需要为自己做过的事感到自豪。你的物质生活和得到的承认，都不会产生自豪感。只有那些你出手相助、被你改变过的人和事，才会让你产生自豪感。在贝尔实验室待了 9 年后，我决定离开这个温暖舒适的象牙塔，走进我眼中的“真实世界”大学。我对贝尔实验室的看法，就像别人形容电影 Mary Poppins
39、 的话，“实际上完美无缺”。但是，我想为世界留下更多的东西，不只是科学论文。我要去教书，培育我自己在科学上的后代。我在斯坦福大学有一个好友兼杰出同事 Ted Geballe。他也是从伯克利分校去了贝尔实验室，几年前又离开贝尔实验室去了斯坦福大学。他对我们的动机做出了最佳描述：“在大学工作，最大的优点就是学生。他们生机勃勃，充满热情，思想自由，还没被生活的重压改变。虽然他们自己没有意识到，但是他们是这个社会中你能找到的最佳受众。如果生命中曾经有过思想自由和充满创造力的时期，那么那个时期就是你在读大学。进校时，学生们对课本上的一字一句毫不怀疑，渐渐地，他们发现课本和教授并不是无所不知的，于是他们开
40、始独立思考。从那时起，就是我开始向他们学习了。”我教过的学生、带过的博士后、合作过的年轻同事，都非常优秀。他们中有 30 多人，现在已经是教授了。他们所在的研究机构有不少是全世界第一流的，其中就包括哈佛大学。我从他们身上学到了很多东西。即使现在，我偶尔还会周末上网，向现在还从事生物物理学研究的学生请教。（分数：10.00）_4.我怀着回报社会的想法，开始了教学生涯。我的一生中，得到的多于我付出的，所以我要回报社会。这就引出了这次演讲的最后一个乐章。首先我要讲一个了不起的科学发现，以及由此带来的新挑战。它是一个战斗的号令，到了做出改变的时候了。过去几十年中，我们的气候一直在发生变化。气候变化并不
41、是现在才有的，过去 60 万年中就发生了 6 次冰河期。但是，现在的测量表明气候变化加速了。北极冰盖在 9 月份的大小，只相当于 50 年前的一半。1870 年起，人们开始测量海平面上升的速度，现在的速度是那时的 5 倍。一个重大的科学发现就这样产牛了。科学第一次在人类历史上，预测出我们的行为对 50100 年后的世界有何影响。这些变化的原因是，从工业革命开始，人类排放到大气中的二氧化碳增加了。这使得地球的平均气温上升了 0.8 摄氏度。即使我们立刻停止所有温室气体的排放，气温仍然将比过去上升大约 1 度。因为在气温达到均衡前，海水温度的上升将持续几十年。如果全世界保持现在的经济模式不变，联合
42、国政府问气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)预测，本世纪末将有 50%的可能，气温至少上升 5 度。这听起来好像不多，但是让我来提醒你，上一次的冰河期，地球的气温也仅仅只下降了 6 度。那时，俄亥俄州和宾夕法尼亚州以北的大部分美国和加拿大的土地，都终年被冰川覆盖。气温上升 5 度的地球，将是一个非常不同的地球。由于变化来得太快，包括人类在内的许多生物，都将很难适应。比如，有人告诉我，在更温暖的环境中，昆虫的个头将变大。我不知道现在身旁嗡嗡叫的这只大苍蝇，是不是就是前兆。我们还面临另一个幽灵，那就是非线性的“气候引爆点”，这会带来许多严重得多的变化。“气候引爆点”的一个例子就是永久冻土层的融化。永久冻
43、土层经过千万年的累积形成，其中包含了巨量的冻僵的有机物。如果冻土融化，微生物就将广泛繁殖，使得冻土层中的有机物快速腐烂。冷冻后的生物和冷冻前的生物，它们在生物学特性上的差异，我们都很熟悉。在冷库中，冷冻食品在经过长时间保存后，依然可以食用。但是，一旦解冻，食品很快就腐烂了。一个腐烂的永久冻土层，将释放出多少甲烷和二氧化碳?即使只有一部分的碳被释放出来，可能也比我们从工业革命开始释放出来的所有温室气体还要多。这种事情一旦发生，局势就失控了。气候问题是我们的经济发展在无意中带来的后果。我们太依赖化石能源，冬天取暖，夏天制冷，夜间照明，长途旅行，环球观光。能源是经济繁荣的基础，我们不可能放弃经济繁荣
44、。美国人口占全世界的 3%，但是我们消耗全世界 25%的能源。与此形成对照，全世界还有 16 亿人没有电，数亿人依靠燃烧树枝和动物粪便来煮饭。发展中国家的人民享受不到我们的生活，但是他们都看在眼里，他们渴望拥有我们拥有的东西。这就是新的挑战。全世界作为一个整体，我们到底愿意付出多少，来缓和气候变化?这种付出至少在 100年内，都不会有明显效果。代际责任深深植根于所有文化中。家长努力工作，为了让他们的孩子有更好的生活。气候变化将影响整个世界，但是我们的天性使得我们只关心个人家庭的福利。我们能不能把全世界看作一个整体?能不能为未来的人们承担起责任?虽然我忧心忡忡，但是还是对未来持乐观态度，这个问题
45、将会得到解决。我同意出任劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室主任，部分原因是我想招募一些世界上最好的科学家，来研究气候变化的对策。我在那里干了 4 年半，是这个实验室 78 年的历史中，任期最短的主任，但是当我离任时，在伯克利实验室和伯克利分校，一些非常激动人心的能源研究机构已经建立起来了。能够成为奥巴马施政团队的一员，我感到极其荣幸。如果有一个时机，可以引导美国和全世界走上可持续能源的道路，那么这个时机就是现在。总统已经发出信息，未来并非在劫难逃，而是乐观的，我们依然有机会。我也抱有这种乐观主义。我们面前的任务令人生畏，但是我们能够并且将会成功。我们已经有了一些答案，可以立竿见影地节约能源和提高能源使用效
46、率。它们不是挂在枝头的水果，而是已经成熟掉在地上了，就看我们愿不愿意捡起来。比如，我们有办法将楼宇的耗电减少 80%，增加的投资在 15 年内就可以收回来。楼宇的耗电占我们能源消费的 40%，节能楼宇的推广将使我们二氧化碳的释放减少三分之一。我们正在加速美国这座巨大的创新机器，这将是下一次美国大繁荣的基础。我们将大量投资有效利用太阳能、风能、核能的新方法，大量投资能够捕获和隔离电厂废气中的二氧化碳的方法。先进的生物燃料和电力汽车将使得我们不再那么依赖外国的石油。在未来的几十年中，我们几乎肯定会面对更高的油价和更严厉的二氧化碳限制排放政策。这是一场新的工业革命，美国有机会充当领导者。伟大的冰上曲
47、棍球选手 Wayne Gretzky 被问到，他如何在冰上跑位，回答说：“我滑向球下一步的位置，而不是它现在的位置。”美国也应该这样做。奥巴马政府正在为美国的繁荣和可持续能源，打下新的基础。但是我们无法为所有问题都找到答案。这就需要你们的参与。在本次演讲中，我请求在座各位哈佛毕业生加入我们。你们是我们未来的智力领袖，请花时间加深理解目前的危险局势，然后采取相应的行动。你们是未来的科学家和工程师，我要求你们给我们更好的技术方案。你们是未来的经济学家和政治学家，我要求你们创造更好的政策选择。你们是未来的企业家，我要求你们将可持续发展作为你们业务中不可分割的一部分。最后，你们是人道主义者，我要求你们
48、为了人道主义说话。气候变化带来的最残酷的讽刺之一，就是最受伤害的人，恰恰就是最无辜的人那些世界上最穷的人们和那些还没有出生的人。这个最后乐章的完结部是引用两个人道主义者的话。第一段引语来自马丁路德金。这是 1967 年他对越南战争结束的评论，但是看上去非常适合用来评论今天的气候危机。“我呼吁全世界的人们团结一心，抛弃种族、肤色、阶级、国籍的隔阂；我呼吁包罗一切、无条件的对全人类的爱。你会因此遭受误解和误读，信奉尼采哲学的世人会认定你是一个软弱和胆怯的懦夫。但是，这是人类存在下去的绝对必需。我的朋友，跟前的事实就是，明天就是今天。此刻，我们面临最紧急的情况。在变幻莫测的生活和历史之中，有一样东西叫做悔之晚矣。”第二段引语来自威廉福克纳。1950 年 12 月 10 月，他在诺贝尔奖获奖晚宴上发表演说，谈到了世界在核战争的阴影之下，人道主义者应该扮演什么样的角色。“我相信人类不仅能忍耐，而且会获胜。人类是不朽的，这不是因为万物当中仅仅他会无穷尽地呼喊，而是因为他有一个灵魂，有同情心、牺牲精神和忍耐力。诗人和作家的责任就是写这些东西。他们的特权正是通过鼓舞人类，唤起人类原有的荣耀勇气、荣誉、希望、自尊、怜悯之心和牺牲精神，去帮助人类学会忍耐。”各位毕业生同学，你们在我们的未来中扮演举足轻重的角色。当你们追求个人的志向时，我希望你们也会发扬奉献精神，积极发声，在大大小小各个方面帮助改
