1、翻译二级口译实务-1 及答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.BPassage 1/B I would like to comment on the relationship between the growth of the world economy and the role of macroeconomic policies. Let me begin with a review of the world economy. The world economy has performed much better than
2、 many feared a year ago. Current projections are that global growth will reach 4.5% this year, the highest rate of the last five years. Once again the major impetus has come from the United States. But the extremely rapid industrialization of China has also stimulated global growth. Why has it turne
3、d out better than expected? Two broad explanations might be ventured. The first explanation is simply the globalization of market forces. An increasing proportion of economic activity is being governed by the market. In the space of only 15 years, some large command economies have undergone economic
4、 reform and become market economies. All this has unleashed a dynamic for growth that remains very strong, especially in China, India and Russia. However, the second explanation is not so reassuring. We realize that growth over the past few years has been brought about in no small measure by, very e
5、xpansionary macroeconomic policies. These have included massive fiscal stimulus in the United States, policy interest rates in the major countries held at or near postwar lows for some time, and an unprecedented amount of foreign exchange intervention by monetary authorities in Asia. Unlike structur
6、al reforms, the effects of such policy stimulus are only temporary, and the current stance of policies cannot continue indefinitely. I think we need to take some effective measures to ensure the stable growth of the world economy. Evidence accumulates that macroeconomic policies will need to be tigh
7、tened. Without putting what has been achieved at risk, of course. Fiscal policy, monetary policy and exchange rate policy ail need to be considered in this light. Let me start with the industrial world. The US government budget, which was in surplus to the equivalent of 1% of GDP in 2000, is likely
8、to register a deficit 9f 5% of GDP this year, a deterioration of the US fiscal position without precedent since the Second World War. Japans general government deficit remains at around 8% of GDP. Deficits in some large economies in the euro area are also disturbing. Therefore, early action to curb
9、such deficits is all the more important. Although comparatively high unemployment is limiting nominal wage increases and spare capacity in manufacturing worldwide reinforces the competitive pressure on prices, there are signs that inflation is edging higher. Japan is slowly emerging from deflation.
10、The pace of consumer price inflation in China has increased sharply in recent months, and there is evidence that prices are beginning to rise faster in some other Asian economies. I think positively of recent macroeconomic policies that allow exchange rate to appreciate. The eventual movement in exc
11、hange rates could be more abrupt than if a greater degree of flexibility had not been allowed earlier. The expansion in domestic liquidity associated with the foreign exchange intervention policy could ultimately lead to inflation. Markets could become too dependent on the continued intervention, an
12、d could then be seriously destabilized by even a hint of a change in policy. My last word of advice is this: The stance of macroeconomic policies cannot remain as expansionary if stability is to be maintained in the medium term. We should avoid the two extremes of either putting the entire burden on
13、 exchange rates or not allowing exchange rates to move at all.（分数：25.00）_2.BPassage 2/B Steven Spielbergs first films were made at a time when directors were the most important people in Hollywood, and his more recent ones at a time when marketing controls the industry. He has remained the most powe
14、rful filmmaker in the world during both periods, which says something for his talent and his flexibility. Spielbergs most important contribution to modem movies is his acute insight to find and attract a large audience. He ingeniously revised old-style B-movie stories with A-level craftsmanship and
15、enhanced them with the latest developments in special effects. Considering such movies as the “Indiana Jones“ series and “Jurassic Park“. The story lines were the mediocre stuff, but the filmmaking was cutting edge and delivered what films have always desired: they showed us something amazing that w
16、e hadnt seen before. The master image created in movies expresses something fundamental about the way the filmmakers see things. Spielberg once said that his master image was a simultaneous combination of brightness and mystery. This appears in many of his films. In Spielberg, the light source conce
17、als mystery, whereas for many other directors it is darkness that conceals mystery. The difference is that for Spielberg, mystery offers promise instead of threat. One day he talked about a previous experience. “My dad took me out to see a meteor shower when I was a little kid,“ he said, “and it was
18、 scary for me because he woke me up in the middle of the night. My heart was beating; I didnt know what he wanted to do. He wouldnt tell me, and he put me in the car and we went off, and I saw ail these people lying on blankets, looking up at the sky. And my dad spread out a blanket. We lay down and
19、 looked at the sky, and I saw for the first time all these meteors.“ “What scared me was being awakened in the middle of the night and taken somewhere without being told where. But what didnt scare me, but was very soothing, was watching this meteor shower. And I think from that moment on, I never l
20、ooked at the sky and thought it was a bad place.“ Spielberg has always maintained superb quality control and when his films work, they work on every level that a film can roach. When his films are shown, they will conquer the most sophisticated filmgoers in the world and invite them to tears and che
21、ers.（分数：25.00）_二、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：100.00)3.BPassage 1/B 中美两国建交以来，人民之间的交往不断扩大。两国已缔结了 33 对友好省州和 123 对姊妹城市。去年，到中国旅游的美国人多达 131 万人次。中国赴美探亲、求学、经商的有 44 万人次。中国有超过 18 万人曾在美国留学，目前在读的留学生有六万余人。而在中国学习的美国留学生只有约 3000 人，位居外国在华留学人数第 3 位。中美在教育领域的交流与合作还有很大发展空间。中国绝大多数大中小学生都学习英语，总人数超过 1.2 亿。美国已有近 1000 所高校和 200 多所中小学开设了
22、中文课程，华人华侨开办了近 600 所中文学校，包括在马里兰大学创建的孔子学院。但与中美交往的需要相比，美国的汉语教学任重道远。 中美两国人民相互抱有友好感情，美国卡通形象“米老鼠”在中国深受小朋友喜爱，中国篮球运动员姚明在美国也是家喻户晓。不断深化和扩大两国人民的交流与合作，增进相互了解与友谊，将有助于夯实中美建设性合作关系的社会基础，也有助于更好地服务两国人民的利益。中国文化部和美国肯尼迪表演艺术中心计划在华盛顿共同举办“中国艺术节”，届时 600 多名中国艺术家将登台献艺或举办艺术展览。这是中美两国文化交流的又一盛事。 我们在人际交往中信奉“和而不同”的原则，我们历来主张各国文明虽有不同
23、，却不相斥；虽有差异，却能交融。作为世界上有重要影响的大国，中美应该相互尊重、相互学习、求同存异、取长补短，为不同国家、不同文明之间和谐共存、进行建设性合作树立榜样，为实现人类的共同发展作出贡献。 青少年代表着世界的未来。从两国交流学生的身上，我看到了中美人民间的深厚友谊，看到了中美关系的光明前景。我相信，中美关系的明天一定会更加美好。明天属于未来一代，创造美好的明天则是我们这一代人必须承担的责任。让我们立足当前，放眼长远，从战略的高度审视和处理中美关系，认真落实两国领导人达成的共识，坚持中美三个联合公报的指导原则，牢牢把握两国共同利益，加强对话、交流与合作，推动中美建设性合作关系不断向前发展
24、。（分数：50.00）_4.BPassage 2/B 旅游是一项集观光、娱乐、健身为一体的愉快而美好的活动。旅游业随着时代进步而不断进步。从 20 世纪中期起，现代旅游业在全世界迅速发展。 游客人数不断增长，旅游业规模持续扩大，旅游经济地位显著提升，旅游活动愈益成为各国人民交流文化、增进友谊、扩大交往的重要渠道，对人类生活和社会进步产生越来越广泛的影响。 古往今来，旅游一直是人们增长知识、丰富阅历、强健体魄的美好追求。在占代，中国先哲们就提出了“观国之光”的思想，倡导“读万卷书，行万里路”，游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华。 新中国成立后，特别是改革开放以来，中国政府高度重视旅游工作，
25、旅游业持续快速发展，已经成为一个富有蓬勃活力和巨大潜力的新兴产业。目前已被列入世界文化遗产地和世界自然遗产地达 29 处。（分数：50.00）_翻译二级口译实务-1 答案解析(总分：150.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.BPassage 1/B I would like to comment on the relationship between the growth of the world economy and the role of macroeconomic policies. Let me begin with a review
26、 of the world economy. The world economy has performed much better than many feared a year ago. Current projections are that global growth will reach 4.5% this year, the highest rate of the last five years. Once again the major impetus has come from the United States. But the extremely rapid industr
27、ialization of China has also stimulated global growth. Why has it turned out better than expected? Two broad explanations might be ventured. The first explanation is simply the globalization of market forces. An increasing proportion of economic activity is being governed by the market. In the space
28、 of only 15 years, some large command economies have undergone economic reform and become market economies. All this has unleashed a dynamic for growth that remains very strong, especially in China, India and Russia. However, the second explanation is not so reassuring. We realize that growth over t
29、he past few years has been brought about in no small measure by, very expansionary macroeconomic policies. These have included massive fiscal stimulus in the United States, policy interest rates in the major countries held at or near postwar lows for some time, and an unprecedented amount of foreign
30、 exchange intervention by monetary authorities in Asia. Unlike structural reforms, the effects of such policy stimulus are only temporary, and the current stance of policies cannot continue indefinitely. I think we need to take some effective measures to ensure the stable growth of the world economy
31、. Evidence accumulates that macroeconomic policies will need to be tightened. Without putting what has been achieved at risk, of course. Fiscal policy, monetary policy and exchange rate policy ail need to be considered in this light. Let me start with the industrial world. The US government budget,
32、which was in surplus to the equivalent of 1% of GDP in 2000, is likely to register a deficit 9f 5% of GDP this year, a deterioration of the US fiscal position without precedent since the Second World War. Japans general government deficit remains at around 8% of GDP. Deficits in some large economies
33、 in the euro area are also disturbing. Therefore, early action to curb such deficits is all the more important. Although comparatively high unemployment is limiting nominal wage increases and spare capacity in manufacturing worldwide reinforces the competitive pressure on prices, there are signs tha
34、t inflation is edging higher. Japan is slowly emerging from deflation. The pace of consumer price inflation in China has increased sharply in recent months, and there is evidence that prices are beginning to rise faster in some other Asian economies. I think positively of recent macroeconomic polici
35、es that allow exchange rate to appreciate. The eventual movement in exchange rates could be more abrupt than if a greater degree of flexibility had not been allowed earlier. The expansion in domestic liquidity associated with the foreign exchange intervention policy could ultimately lead to inflatio
36、n. Markets could become too dependent on the continued intervention, and could then be seriously destabilized by even a hint of a change in policy. My last word of advice is this: The stance of macroeconomic policies cannot remain as expansionary if stability is to be maintained in the medium term.
37、We should avoid the two extremes of either putting the entire burden on exchange rates or not allowing exchange rates to move at all.（分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：我想谈一下全球经济增长与宏观政策作用之间的关系。我先来回顾一下全球经济。全球经济的表现比一年前人们所担心的要好得多了，现在预计全球经济增长今年将达到 4.5%，为五年以来的最高水平。美国再一次成为全球经济增长的主动力，但是中国急速的工业化进程也刺激了全球的经济增长。 为什么会比预期要好?有两
38、个解释。第一个解释是市场动力的全球化。现在的经济活动越来越多地由市场调控。仅仅在过去的 15 年时间内，一些实行计划经济的大国通过重大的经济改革，已转变为市场经济，这些都为增长带来了活力，中国、印度和俄罗斯的增长尤为明显。 但是第二个解释不太令人放心。我们看到全球经济大规模的增长都是在极其扩张的宏观经济政策的指导下实现的，例如：美国采取了大量的财政刺激手段，主要经济体的政策性利率都维持在几乎是二战以来的最低水平，一些亚洲国家对外汇进行了前所未有的干预。与结构性改革不同的是，这些政策的刺激效果只是暂时的，这种政策性的做法是不可能无限制地使用的。 我们应该采取一些有效的措施以确保全球经济稳定增长。
39、越来越多的迹象表明，全球需要采取紧缩的宏观政策，当然了，不能牺牲来之不易的成果。财政政策、货币政策和汇率政策都应该加以考虑。先说说发达国家吧。美国财政预算赤字曾在 2000 年超出 GDP 的 1%，今年赤字将达到 GDP 的 5%，财政赤字达到了二战以来最糟糕的程度。日本财政赤字仍然占到其 GDP 的 8%，欧元区许多主要经济体的赤字状况也令人不安。因此尽早采取措施防止财政状况的恶化是十分重要的。 虽然高失业率限制了名义工资的增长，全球制造业产能的过剩也使物价上涨受压，但是我们仍然可以看到一些通货膨胀的迹象。日本也正缓慢地走出通货紧缩阴影，中国消费者物价指数最近几个月来快速上升，有迹象表明其
40、他一些亚洲国家的物价也开始加速上升。 我看好近年来实施的容许货币升值的宏观经济政策。如果不允许更大程度的汇率浮动，汇率的最终变动可能来得更为突然。外汇干预会使国内市场的流动资金增量，从而引起通货膨胀。金融市场会过度依赖持续的外汇干预，任何一个预示政策可能改变的小信号都可能引起市场的大动荡。我的最后忠告是，如果全球经济要在中期保持稳定，宏观政策不能太具扩张性。要避免两种极端，既不能让汇率承担一切，也不能让汇率一成不变。 综合解析 本文是一篇关于世界经济发展方面的讲话。本文介绍了全球经济的良好态势，并指出了两个原因：一个是市场动力的全球化，另一个是扩张的宏观经济政策的指导。另外，本文还对今后的经济
41、发展提出了一些建议，主要是实施紧缩的宏观政策，并从财政政策、货币政策和汇率政策三方面进行了阐述。 本文要求应试者掌握一定的世界经济常识和与之相关的专门词汇和表达方式，这依赖于应试者平时的知识积累，是翻译的基本要求。此外，应试者还需要在短时间内，对长难句进行正确的理解、分析、简化或切分，把握好两种语言各自的特色，完成双语间的转换；对于一些较为生僻的短语和表达法，不能死译、硬译，而应该充分联系上下文灵活变通，使译文通顺流畅。 基本素质采分点 以下单词或短语是本文所要考查的基础知识点，涉及相关知识领域的专有名词和一些惯用表达法，是应试者理解和翻译的基础。 1macroeconomic policy
42、宏观政策 2command economy 计划经济 3fiscal policy 财政政策 4monetary policy 货币政策 5exchange rate policy 汇率政策 结构理解采分点 下面是本文中出现的长难句，要求应试者在听的过程中迅速理解并分析出句子所包含的意群之间的逻辑关系，尊重目的语特点，将原文转换成通顺、地道的目的语。在这个转换的过程中，应试者需要完成诸如语序调整、词类转换、语态转换等翻译过程。 1All this has unleashed a dynamic for growth that remains very strong, especially in
43、 China, India and Russia. 原句是一个主从复合句，主句是“All this has unleashed a dynamic for growth”，后面是一个由“that”引导的关系从句，修饰“growth”。从句中“in”引导的是地点状语，起强调作用。在翻译时，可以把主句和从句切分开来，而关系从句的先行词可以采用重复的手段；后面的地点状语可以转换成为定语。 2These have included massive fiscal stimulus in the United States, policy interest rates in the major count
44、ries held at or near postwar lows for some time, and an unprecedented amount of foreign exchange intervention by monetary authorities in Asia. 原句看上去很长，其实是一个带有三个并列宾语的简单句，句子的主干是“These have included”，后面的三个宾语因为有了很多修饰成分而显得繁杂。在听的过程中，应试者分析出三个宾语，并且确定各自相应的修饰成分。通过上文可知“These have included”中的“these”是在承接上文，做出具体的
45、举例说明，所以翻译时可以灵活地翻译为“例如”或“比如”。句子的宾语是关键，其中重点是要把握两个地点状语“in the United States”和“in Asia”，抓住这两个点就能对整句话做出条理的分析。翻译时从这两个点出发，将地点状语转换成为小分句的主语，使句子清晰而流畅。 3The US government budget, which was in surplus to the equivalent of 1% of GDP in 2000, is likely to register a deficit of 5% of GDP this year, a deterioration
46、 of the US fiscal position without precedent since the Second World War. 原句包含一个由“which”引导的非限定性关系从句，先行词为“government budget”；主句中的宾语还带有复杂的同位语成分。在听的过程中，应当分清非限定性定语从句主要是用来和后面的宾语做出对照，因而抓住其中年份的变化是关键。在翻译时，可以将长句切分开来，把非限定性关系从句作为整个译文的一个分句，与其他分句并列，后面的同位语可以当作一个分句，跟在所修饰成分的后面即可。译文中这些分句之间无需任何连接成分，这是汉语的特点和优势。 4Althou
47、gh comparatively high unemployment is limiting nominal wage increases and spare capacity in manufacturing worldwide reinforces the competitive pressure on prices, there are signs that inflation is edging higher 原句是一个主从复合句，前半部分是一个由“although”引导的让步状语从句，其中又有两个并列的、由“and”串联起来的主谓结构；主句中有一个由“that”引导的同位语从句，修饰
48、“signs”。在听的过程中，把整句话的逻辑层次关系分清楚后，主要困难就迎刃而解了。翻译时，可以顺译，充分利用汉语的特点，使用小分句，将长句切分开来。原文中的同位语从句的主句“there are signs that.”可以使用一个固定的翻译方法，译为“我们可以看到的迹象”。 5My last word of advice is this: The stance of macroeconomic policies cannot remain as expansionary if stability is to be maintained in the medium term. 原句中“this”后面的冒号引出的句子是对“this”的解释和说明；后面的分句中有一个由“if”引导的条件状语从句。在听时，一定要注意各成分之
