1、翻译二级口译实务-17 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、汉英口译(总题数：10，分数：100.00)1.携手合作推动亚洲经济崛起在博鳌亚洲论坛 2009 年年会午餐会上的讲话国务院副总理曾培炎十年前的这个时候，经历亚洲金融危机的各国，正在经济恢复的道路上艰难前行。那次危机引发了人们对亚洲未来的思考，应运而生的博鳌亚洲论坛为区内各国高层对话建立了一个有益的平台。眼下发生的这场危机，与亚洲金融危机相比范围更广、程度更深，也使经济全球化遇到了挫折。但我相信，只要经过各国共同有效的努力，危机终将克服，全球化趋势不可逆转。今天我们相聚在这里，就是探讨如何应对危机，吸取挫折的教训
2、，建立新的国际经济秩序，促进世界经济发展更加稳定、经济结构更加合理、南北发展更加平衡。受金融危机影响，全球消费、投资、贸易、生产、就业等出现萎缩，世界经济仍在衰退，今年全年可能出现负增长。在全球化条件下，各国经济你中有我、我中有你，一荣俱荣、一损俱损。这就需要各主要经济体之间加强合作，开展经济对策讨论，推进政策协调，引导市场行为，从而带动世界经济尽早走出危机。危机发生以来，各经济体陆续出台了一系列刺激方案，其效果值得期待。需要注意的是，通货膨胀与通货紧缩有时并不遥远。目前，流动性紧张的局面未见明显逆转，针对经济运行面临通货紧缩的压力，确有必要采取超常规的、更富有创新的财政货币政策。在各国加大救
3、助力度，对抗通货紧缩和流动性枯竭的同时，不能忽视可能引发通货膨胀的风险。美联储定量宽松的货币政策大规模购买美国国债，增加了财政赤字转化为通货膨胀的压力，引起各国对在美巨额投资的担忧。为了让世界放心，美国应当健全国债收益与通货膨胀挂钩的机制，确保国债保值增值，保护亚洲国家在内的国际投资者的利益。同时，这也有利于美国政府继续获得外国资金支持，促进美国尽快走出危机。国际贸易和投资一直是推动全球经济增长的重要引擎。随着全球市场萎缩、就业下降，贸易和投资保护主义开始抬头，其形式更加复杂多样，隐蔽性更强。这种以邻为壑的做法，不仅会损害对方，也会伤及自身，不但拯救不了世界经济，反而会加剧贸易摩擦和投资争端。
4、繁荣的世界市场离不开公平公正合理的市场秩序。危机当前，需要鼓励扩大国际贸易和投资，发达国家应当带头放弃产品和服务进 15 限制，放宽外资进入审查，同时放开技术及其产品出口。发展中国家也应当开放国内市场，推动贸易投资自由化便利化，只有这样，才能有利于发展中国家和发达同家之间互利发展。刚刚结束的 G20 伦敦峰会，就增加国际金融机构资源、加强国际金融监管、帮助发展中国家等取得了积极务实的成果，向国际社会传递了共同战胜危机的信心和意愿。虽然与会各国对达成的共识表示了原则赞成，但在实际落实中仍有很大难度。特别是国际金融体系改革才刚刚拉开帷幕，很多根本性、体制性的难点有待突破，国际金融体系累积的巨大系统
5、性风险尚未化解。国际社会应当坚持不懈地构建全球金融新秩序，积极发挥国际金融组织在维护国际金融稳定、加强金融监管方面的作用，提高发展中国家在国际金融体制的话语权，认真落实已达成的全球金融监管措施，推动国际储备货币体系多元化。各储备货币发行国应当承担起相应的国际责任，维护币值稳定，防范竞相贬值带来的汇率战。近年来，新兴经济体迅速崛起，由于他们大都实行出口导向型的发展模式，在危机中出口下滑，外资减少，失业增加，实体经济遭到冲击，其受损害程度要比发达国家更为严重。新兴经济体很多集中在亚洲，现在已经到了关键时刻，如果应对不当，多年的发展成果可能毁于危机。亚洲国家和地区需要提高自身抵御风险能力，出台更有力
6、的刺激经济计划。除了依靠现有的国际救援机制外，亚洲国家应充分发掘内部潜力，利用区域合作机制采取共同应对措施，譬如，加强区域货币合作，扩大双边货币互换；发挥本地区外汇储备较多的优势，设立专项基金，用于基础设施和农业投资，支持实体经济发展。近日，中国政府提出了加强同东盟合作的一系列措施，包括签署自贸区投资协议，设立用于基础设施和网络化建设的投资基金，向东盟国家提供贷款等。我认为，这些举措有较强的针对性，体现了中国加强合作、共克时艰的诚意，有利于东南亚国家早日摆脱危机影响。希望这些措施早日落实，取得成效。进入新世纪以来，中国的经济增长大部分时间保持在 10%以上。严峻的国际环境也对中国产生了不利影响
7、，去年第四季度经济增速下降到 6.8%，今年一季度为 6.1%。虽然增速仍在下滑，但由于一系列扩大内需政策效果逐步显现，下滑幅度缩小，增速趋稳。一季度固定资产投资增长 28.8%，高于去年水平，预计投资增长将在财政货币政策作用下继续加快；社会消费品零售总额实际增长 15.9%，同比增速有所提高，但短期内消费需求难以做到大幅增长；进出口总额同比下降了 24.9%，在主要经济体尚未复苏的情况下，进出口难有大的起色。此外，影响中国经济的不确定、不稳定因素还较多。未来中国经济增长很大程度上取决于扩大内需，投资的增加将扮演重要角色。扩大投资要注意保民生、保就业和产业结构调整相结合，加快形成实物工作量，拉
8、动即期需求。扩大消费的主要动力在农村和城市中等收入群体，我们的政策措施应继续向这方面倾斜。我相信，中国经济增长将为世界经济复苏和亚洲经济稳定发挥重要作用。女士们，先生们!世界经济的发展总是波浪式前进、螺旋式上升，危机总会过去，复苏必将来临。但是不论发达国家还是发展中国国家，在应对危机时都应当吸取以往教训，不能再以牺牲资源环境为代价换取经济一时增长，而是应当坚持可持续发展的科学理念，提倡绿色生产方式和生活方式，推行集约发展和清洁发展。我们期待，当世界进入新的增长周期时，不再是原有经济周期的简单重复，而是实现绿色的复苏。谢谢大家!（分数：10.00）_2.尊敬的女士们，先生们，朋友们：首先非常感谢
9、意中基金会的热情接待。意大利是世界文明古国之一，能够访问美丽的意大利，并在这里举办“中国西藏发展论坛”，我感到十分高兴。西藏是一个神奇而又令人向往的地方，其独特的自然风光、悠久的历史、灿烂的文化备受世界关注。西藏的发展也同样如此。借此机会，我愿意就西藏发展进程以及发展前景问题，向各位朋友做一个介绍。一、发展进程实现了两大跨越今年是中华人民共和国成立 60 周年，也是西藏民主改革 50 周年。回顾西藏 50 年的发展进程，总结起来，就是实现了两大历史性跨越。第一个跨越，社会制度实现了历史性跨越。50 年前的西藏仍处于政教合一，僧侣、贵族和官家专政的封建农奴制社会，被称作“西藏通”的英国人查尔斯贝
10、尔在他的十三世达赖喇嘛传中这样写道：“你从欧洲和美洲来到西藏，就会被带回到几百年前，看到一个仍处在封建时代的地方。”占总人口不足 5%的农奴主占有几乎全部生产资料，而占人口 95%以上的农奴和奴隶则一无所有，更谈不上什么人权。当时在农奴中流传着这样的话：“能带走的只有自己的身影，能留下的只有自己的脚印。”新中国成立后，1951 年西藏获得和平解放。1959 年，中央人民政府与西藏各族人民一道平息了由西藏上层反动统治集团发动的武装叛乱，并实行了民主改革，废除了封建农奴制度，广大翻身农奴和奴隶成为国家的主人、西藏的主人。1965 年，西藏自治区正式成立，实行民族区域自治制度，西藏各族人民走上了社会
11、主义道路，实现了社会制度的历史性跨越。目前，在自治区 34000 多名各级人大代表中，藏族和其他少数民族占 94%以上。在全国人大代表中，西藏自治区有 20 名代表，其中 12 名为藏族公民，门巴族、珞巴族公民各 1 名。西藏自治区历任人民代表大会常务委员会主任和人民政府主席都由藏族公民担任。在自治区、地(市)、县三级国家机关组成人员中，藏族和其他少数民族公民占 77.97%。1965 年以来自治区人大常委会共制定了涉及政治、经济、文化和社会生活等各方面的 250 余件地方性法规。第二个跨越，经济社会实现跨越式发展。50 年来，在中国中央政府的亲切关怀和全国各旅人民的无私援助下，西藏各族人民团
12、结奋斗，艰苦创业，经济社会实现了跨越式发展。民主改革初期的 1959 年，西藏生产总值仅为 1.74 亿元，到 2008 年增加到 395.91 亿元，按可比价格计算，增长了 65 倍。2008 年，西藏农牧业进入第 21 个丰收年，农牧民人均纯收入达到 3176 元，增幅达 13.6%，连续 6 年实现两位数增长。西藏彻底告别了封闭的自然经济，现代工业体系从无到有，基础设施建设蓬勃兴起，新兴产业迅猛发展，农牧民生活水平不断提高，稳步走向安康富裕。在经济取得重大飞跃的同时，社会各项事业不断进步。在这儿我举两个对比数据，人口总数大幅度增加，由 1951 年的 122.8 万人，增加到 2008
13、年的 287.08 万人，彻底改变了旧西藏人口增长长期停滞的状况。人均寿命由 35.5 岁提高到 67 岁。二、发展前景机遇与挑战并存经过半个世纪的发展进程，西藏在社会制度、经济发展方面实现了历史性的两大跨越，为下一步实现新的跨越，也就是到 2020 年，全面实现建设小康社会，到本世纪中叶，同全国人民一道基本实现现代化，打下了坚实基础。展望未来，我们既面临良好机遇，也存在诸多挑战，总体上讲遇大于挑战。一是中国国内的发展环境良好。中华人民共和国成立 60 年来，中国人民成功走出了一条适合中国国情的中国特色社会主义道路，经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设全面推进，正在中华民族伟
14、大复兴的征途上昂首阔步地前进。中国国内良好的发展环境，为我们建设现代化的新西藏提供了很好的保障。二是西藏面临“西部大开发”的良好机遇。“西部大开发”战略是中国中央政府为统筹区域经济协调发展，加快西部地区经济社会发展而做出的重大战略决策。西藏作为中国西部省区，是实施“西部大开发”战略的重要区域。10 年以来，中国中央政府在资金、项目、人才等疗面，向包括西藏在内的西部省区实行优惠政策，青藏铁路等一批重大基础设施项目相继建成并发挥效箍。在新的历史时期，中国中央政府将深入推进西部大开发战略，特别是在全面实施应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划中，将财政转移支付和扩大内需新增投资继续向西部地区倾斜，重点投向民生
15、工程、基础建设、生态环境等领域，西藏的发展面临十分难得的机遇。三是西藏享受中央关心、全国支援的特殊政策。中国中央政府历来十分关心西藏、支持西藏的建设与发展。1984 年以来，中国中央政府先后召开了四次西臧工作座谈会，专题研究西藏工作，制定了一系列特殊优惠政策，投入了大量人力、物力和财力。1959 年至 2008 年，中央财政向西藏的财政转移支付累计达到2019 多亿元，年均增长近 12%。仅在基础设施方面，1951 年至 2008 年，中央政府向西藏累计投入 1000亿元。1994 年，中央政府开始实施对口支援西藏战略，先后安排 60 多个中央同家机关、18 个省市和 17个中央企业对口支援西
16、藏，这是任何其他省市都无法比拟的优势。所有这些，都为西藏改革发展稳定提供了更加优惠的政策、更多的项目支持和更加有力的工作指导，已经并将极大地促进西藏跨越式发展。四是西藏地域辽阔，资源丰富。西藏具有丰富的森林资源、草场资源、矿产和水能、地热、风能、太阳能等资源，特别是旅游资源非常丰富。西藏是有“世界屋脊”之称的青藏高原的主体，拥有地球上最高的山峰珠穆朗玛峰、地球上最深的峡谷雅鲁藏布大峡谷、地球上最高最大的微咸水湖纳木错等独特的高原自然景观。悠久的历史、古老的文化、虔诚的宗教信仰、纯朴的风情民俗，举世闻名的布达拉宫、大昭寺、罗布林卡等世界文化遗产，唐卡、藏戏等民族传统文化艺术，使西藏成为全世界最吸
17、引人的旅游胜地之一。（分数：10.00）_3.Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Jiang Yus Regular Press Conference on February 19, 2009On February 19, 2009, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Jiang Yu held a regular press conference and answered questions on a Chinese cargo ship sinking in Russian waters, China-US relations, China
18、-France relations, the commemorative activities of the “International Opium Commission“, and etc.Jiang Yu: Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I have an announcement to start with.At the invitation of Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi, Mr. Yu Myung-hwan, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Rep
19、ublic of Korea, will pay a working visit to China from February 24 to 25.Now Id like to open up the floor for questions.Q: Now there have been all kinds of reports on a ship with Chinese crew members sinking in Russian waters. Is there any latest update from the Foreign Ministry? While China making
20、representations with Russia, has the Russian side promised a full investigation?A: The Department of Consular Affairs of the Foreign Ministry released relevant information yesterday. On February 15, a Chinese cargo ship sank in the waters close to Vladivostok, Russia. Among the 10 Chinese crew membe
21、rs, three were rescued, the other seven were missing. Relevant Chinese Consulate-General and Consular Office have sent officials to the spot to visit rescued crew members, and assist relevant company in properly dealing with the aftermath. The Department of Consular Affairs of the Foreign Ministry a
22、nd Chinese Embassy in Russia have made representations to Russia respectively, urging the Russian side to continue to spare no efforts in searching for the missing crew members, investigating and finding out the cause. According to our knowledge, Russias search-and-rescue efforts and investigation a
23、re still underway.Q: US Secretary of State Clinton is going to visit Beijing soon. Will the bilateral talks cover the issue of Taiwan? Given that cross-strait relations have been improving since last year, is the Taiwan issue still at the very core of China-US relations?A: Secretary Clinton will vis
24、it China from February 20 to 22. China and the US will have an in-depth exchange of views on bilateral relations and a broad range of issues of common concern. We stand ready to strengthen dialogue with the US, enhance mutual trust, expand cooperation and promote greater development of bilateral rel
25、ations in the new era.The One-China principle is an important foundation for our bilateral relations with countries having diplomatic relations with China, and a consensus of the international community. We have always adhered to the One-China principle, and hope relevant country can abide by its co
26、mmitment to the One-China policy. We hope the US can continue to abide by the three Sino-US joint communiqus, handle the Taiwan issue properly and cautiously, and take concrete actions to support the peaceful development of cross-strait relations.Q: Can you update us on President Zardaris visit and
27、meetings?A: We welcome and look forward to President Zardaris visit to Hubei Province and Shanghai from February 20 to 23. It is his second visit to China since his successful state visit last October. The Chinese Government attaches great importance to it. State Councilor Dai Bingguo will meet with
28、 him in Hubei on behalf of the Chinese Government. President Zardaris visit will focus on observing Chinas development in agriculture, water conservancy and the financial sector, and strengthen bilateral cooperation in the above areas. We wish him a successful visit.Q: A US court has recently ruled
29、that seven Uyghur prisoners in the US Guantnamo prison have got to go back. They arent being released for the time being. One result of that is it gives the Government of the US more time to figure out where they will go once they are released. I wonder if this issue will come up during Hillary Clin
30、tons visit to China, and outside of Clintons visit, if you have any comment on what is Chinas position for the final location of these prisoners.A: During Secretary Clintons visit to China, China and the US will have an in-depth discussion and exchange of views on a broad range of issues. I cannot p
31、redict for the time being whether the specific question you raised will be covered in the talks. However, China has expressed its position on the issue of terrorist suspects of Chinese nationality detained in Guantnamo time and again. We believe that the Chinese terrorist suspects detained in Guantn
32、amo prison are members of the terrorist group, “the East Turkistan Islamic Movement“, which is on the sanction list of the UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to Resolution 1267. They must be handed over to China and brought to justice. We oppose any countries accepting them. Our posi
33、tion remains consistent and unchanged.Q: Vice President Xi Jinping is currently in Brazil. Can you tell us what agreements are expected to come out of that meeting, especially in respect to developing Brazils energy resources?A: Right now, Vice President Xi Jinping is visiting Brazil. Relevant infor
34、mation such as whether there are cooperation deals to be signed will be released in succession. This year marks the 35th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Brazil. Over the past years, bilateral cooperation has continued to expand and deepen. Breakthrough has been
35、made in economic relations and trade. Last year, bilateral trade volume stood at 48.497 billion US dollars, up by 63.2% over the same period of the previous year. Chinese companies are having more investment and contracted projects in Brazil. Progress is also made in science and technology, culture
36、and education. As China and Brazil are two major developing countries, better cooperation between the two will not only boost socio-economic development domestically, but will help developing countries have a greater voice and better representation in international affairs. On the occasion of the an
37、niversary, we would like to bring bilateral relations to the new stage.Q: About Hillarys visit to China. Some environmental organizations have lately called on China and the US to scale up collaboration and have some real discussion so as to bring success to the Copenhagen conference at the end of t
38、his year. Do you think Hillarys visit could catalyze such collaboration?A: We believe that climate change is a challenge to the entire world that cannot be solved without global cooperation and collaboration. As the biggest developing and developed countries respectively, China and the US both set g
39、reat store by the issue of climate change. Better cooperation of the two countries on this issue will not only benefit themselves, but also contribute to international efforts in addressing climate change. We stand ready to step up cooperation with the US in this regard and secure substantial result
40、s through our joint efforts.The Chinese Government places great importance on climate change and deals with the issue in a responsible attitude by taking a series of effective policies and measures including formulating Chinas National Climate Change Programme. In spite of the current international
41、financial crisis, Chinas determination to address climate change stays firm and its action stays active. We are ready to join the international community to bring success to the Copenhagen conference and further promote the international cooperation on climate change.Q: What is the position of the U
42、S in Chinas foreign policy? How do you expect the new US Administration to improve China-US relations?A: We highly value our relations with the US. China and the US are the biggest developing and developed countries respectively. A healthy, stable and sound China-IS relationship not only benefits th
43、e two countries and peoples but also contributes to peace and development in the Asia-Pacific region and other parts of the world. We are ready to work with the new US Administration, strengthen dialogue and cooperation and build up mutual trust so as to further promote the bilateral relations in th
44、e new era. Q: This year marks the centenary of the International Opium Commission, which was convened in Shanghai in 1909. Will China hold any commemorative activities?A: In order to commemorate the centenary of the International Opium Commission, the Chinese Government will host commemorative activ
45、ities in Shanghai from February 26 to 27.The International Opium Commission, convened in Shanghai in February 1909, was the first international meeting on drug prohibition. The meeting led to the signing of the International Opium Convention at the Hague in1912, which was the first international ant
46、i-drug treaty. Having vigorously promoted the international anti-drug efforts, the meeting was a milestone in international drug control history.At present, the Chinese Government is actively preparing for the commemorative activities, and planning to invite 16 government delegations and representat
47、ives from the UN Office on Drugs and Crime and the International Narcotics Control Board.The secretariat of the commemoration will release information to the media in due course.Q: President Sarkozy met with the Dalai Lama last year. Can you tell us if the Chinese and French diplomats are working on
48、 a reconciliation text between the two countries?A: We have noted several times that the difficulties in current China-France relations are not caused by China. France should take the initiative to adopt concrete and active steps, actively and positively respond to Chinas major and core concerns, and bring China-France relations back to the track of normal development.If there are no more questions, thank you for coming. See you.（分数：10.00）_4.中加联合声明(2009 年 12 月 3 日)一、应温家宝总理邀请，加拿大总理斯蒂芬哈珀于 2009 年 12 月 2 日至 6 日对中国进行正式访问，先后访问北京、上海和香港特别行政区。二、胡锦涛主席、温家宝总理分别与哈珀总理会见、会谈，全国人大常委会吴邦国委员长将会见哈珀总理。双方就中加关系及共同关
