1、翻译二级口译实务-(暂无语音，提供参考 1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.Passage 1下面你将听到外商有关中国零售业发展情况的一段讲话。Chinas economy, once reliant on state spending in heavy industry, has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth. Market-oriented reforms begun in 1978 have created a growing priva
2、te sector, and much of that is concentrated in the retail trade. The state has also moved aggressively to tap the retail market as reforms put money in the pockets of the nations consumers. That has created a service economy where, sometimes, the customer really is king.Before the reforms took hold,
3、 a shopping excursion often meant a test of wills, with sleepy attendants at state-owned stores with little incentive to sell. Goods were often shoddy and carelessly displayed. Shortages were common and ration coupons were needed to buy anything from rice to cloth and cooking oil. Those days are all
4、 but forgotten now.Broadly defined, retail consumption, estimated in excess of US $450 billion, is growing by about 10% annually. With a value added tax of 17% applied to all goods, the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue. Since 1978, the private sector has embraced retailing in a b
5、ig way. Government-owned factories have been forced to lay off millions of workers to trim costs and start making a profit. That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector, with a high percentage operating privately-run comer shops, convenience stores, clothing shops, bars and restauran
6、ts, and even beauty parlors and dry cleaners.Foreign investors have also moved into the market in force, investing more than US $3 billion in China since 1992. Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart, some 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is
7、certain to accelerate following Chinas entry into the WTO. While foreign-invested stores still account for only 2-4% of all retail sales, their impact has been profound. Their presence has forced local retailers to compete by expanding their scale of business and making their stores more attractive
8、to customers. The new entrants in the market have brought an array of goods. While foreign brands were once reserved for the elite or wealthy foreigners, they are now aimed at local customers. （分数：25.00）_2.Passage 2下面你将听到外国媒体有关中国能源形势的一段讲话。Tight electricity supply is constraining Chinas economic grow
9、th a situation likely to persist for three to four years until new capacity comes online. The energy shortfall has not yet severely hampered U.S. business operations in China, but this remains a distinct possibility. Shortages have now spread to two-thirds of Chinas provinces, affecting Beijing, Sha
10、nghai, Guangzhou, and other first-tier cities. Plants in Chinas manufacturing heartland, the Pearl River Basin and East China now experience frequent mandatory shutdowns.Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces have imposed electricity rationing. Many plants have in- Stalled costly back-up diesel generators.
11、Shanghais demand for electricity outstrips supply by two to four million kilowatts. The tight supply is causing price increases at the front end of the manufacturing supply chain. High energy costs are a competitive disadvantage for China in the world marketplace. Quality, quantity, and security of
12、supply also are essential for Chinas continued economic growth. Present restrictions on the direct sale of electricity, oil, and gas to industrial users promote inefficiency and non-competitiveness. Much of the current concern with the “overheating“ of Chinas economy has been driven by the fear that
13、 the energy supply is not keeping up with the development of major energy-consuming industries.Chinas rapid economic growth, especially in the construction and manufacturing sectors, is behind the electricity shortage. Chinas energy industry has doubled in absolute terms during the last ten years, b
14、ut such growth has been insufficient to meet demand. It takes five to seven years to design, construct, and commission a major thermal power plant, seven to ten years to explore and develop an oilfield, and five years to develop a coalmine. All require extremely large capital investment.Despite the
15、fact that China has the worlds second largest coal reserves and worldwide coal and coke prices are at eight-year highs, supply has not been able to keep up with demand. Efforts to raise electricity production in the near term have been hampered by deficient railroad capacity, which has prevented coa
16、l from reaching power stations. While coal price cycles usually do not coincide with oil prices, current high prices in both commodities have supply straining to meet demand. While China only imported 0.6 percent of world oil supplies in 1995, it now imports 3 percent of the worlds oil. China, like
17、the United States, is becoming increasingly vulnerable to disruptions in the worlds supply of oil. （分数：25.00）_二、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)3.Passage 1 下面你将听到一段关于中国教育状况的介绍。中国人历来重视教育，实施“独生子女”政策后尤为如此。中国家庭的平均教育支出约占其收入的 15%，而据中国社会调查所的一项研究成果显示，有 43%的家庭都设立了专门账户，用来支付孩子的教育费用。近年来，私立学校也开始在中国流行起来。这些学校鼓励校方和家长共同为学校募
18、集办学资金。现在每个在校生的教育费用有三分之一来自政府以外的渠道。在中国，考取大学的竞争十分激烈，因而越来越多的学生选择到国外，特别是英国深造。现在去英国深造的中国学生人数超过了任何一个西方国家。据中国驻英使馆统计，目前英国共有 6.5 万名中国留学生。这些学生每年为英国大学带来高达 2.5 亿英镑的学费收入。在建国以来的 55 年里，中国在教育方面取得了巨大的进步。据联合国称，1949 年中国的文盲率高达80%，而到了 2002 年中国的文盲率已降至 15%以下。尽管如此，据联合国统计，中国的人均教育经费在 129 个国家里仅名列第 100 名。中国政府意识到，要提高这一世界排名，还需要投入
19、更多的资源。为了进一步提高教育水平，中国政府计划到 2010 年将教育经费增加到占国内生产总值 4%的水平。而在 10年前，教育经费只占当年国内生产总值的 2.6%。 （分数：25.00）_4.Passage 2下面你将听到一段题为“说聪明”的论述。聪明的人，智力发达、记忆和理解能力也强。聪明是好事，是财富，应好好利用，用于进步，用于获取知识，用于为祖国为人民做好事，为大家也为自己好。应该承认，人和人不一样，有的人就是聪明。周恩来就是一个聪明的人，早在年轻的时候，他的一个同龄人就说过：“周恩来浑身都是聪明。”但是，周恩来一生取得那么多伟大成就靠什么呢?靠的是努力，是刻苦，是呕心沥血，是鞠躬尽瘁
20、，是对祖国、对党、对人民的无限忠诚。中国之大，人口之多，相信比周恩来聪明的人大有人在，但有几个能像周恩来那样永远留在人民心中呢?聪明的人加上努力是最好的，是最能成功的。能做到聪明加努力的人常常并不认为自己是聪明的。相反，他总觉得自己的聪明还很不够，所以非常努力。新的发明创造无不是聪明人总结实践经验，进行反复验证，经过苦思冥想，刻苦钻研出来的，而不是不费气力地依赖聪明自然而然地长出来的。不努力，即使聪明的人也会一事无成。不努力本身就很不聪明。由此可见，成功秘诀的首要一点还是努力而不是聪明。再说聪明又是从哪里来的呢?不可否认有遗传的因素，但如果一个天生聪明的孩子不上学，不进行很多后天的训练，恐怕就
21、很难再聪明下去了。就绝大多数情况来说，人的聪明是经过后天的努力培育出来的。 （分数：25.00）_翻译二级口译实务-(暂无语音，提供参考 1 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart /B(总题数：2，分数：50.00)1.Passage 1下面你将听到外商有关中国零售业发展情况的一段讲话。Chinas economy, once reliant on state spending in heavy industry, has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth. Market-oriented re
22、forms begun in 1978 have created a growing private sector, and much of that is concentrated in the retail trade. The state has also moved aggressively to tap the retail market as reforms put money in the pockets of the nations consumers. That has created a service economy where, sometimes, the custo
23、mer really is king.Before the reforms took hold, a shopping excursion often meant a test of wills, with sleepy attendants at state-owned stores with little incentive to sell. Goods were often shoddy and carelessly displayed. Shortages were common and ration coupons were needed to buy anything from r
24、ice to cloth and cooking oil. Those days are all but forgotten now.Broadly defined, retail consumption, estimated in excess of US $450 billion, is growing by about 10% annually. With a value added tax of 17% applied to all goods, the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue. Since 1978,
25、the private sector has embraced retailing in a big way. Government-owned factories have been forced to lay off millions of workers to trim costs and start making a profit. That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector, with a high percentage operating privately-run comer shops, conven
26、ience stores, clothing shops, bars and restaurants, and even beauty parlors and dry cleaners.Foreign investors have also moved into the market in force, investing more than US $3 billion in China since 1992. Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart, some 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200
27、chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate following Chinas entry into the WTO. While foreign-invested stores still account for only 2-4% of all retail sales, their impact has been profound. Their presence has forced local retailers to compete by expanding their scale of b
28、usiness and making their stores more attractive to customers. The new entrants in the market have brought an array of goods. While foreign brands were once reserved for the elite or wealthy foreigners, they are now aimed at local customers. （分数：25.00）_正确答案：(参考译文中国经济一度靠国家投资重工业来维持增长，而目前零售业已日趋成为经济的增长点。
29、1978 年开始的市场经济改革使私人经济不断扩大，而其中很大部分都集中在零售业。随着改革使消费者的收入日益提高，国家加速了零售业的发展。服务产业的形成使顾客有时也有了当“上帝”的感觉。改革前，逛街购物通常意味着对意志的考验，国营商场里那些昏昏欲睡的售货员们卖东西的积极性不高。货物的质量往往不够好，商品的摆放也是漫不经心。缺货断货是常有的事，大米、布匹、食用油都要凭票购买。那样的日子早已一去不复返了。广义上的零售消费额估计超过 4500 亿美元，并以每年 10%的速度递增。加上所有商品 17%的增值税，零售业已成为国家财政收入的主要来源之一。自 1978 年以来，私营经济大规模进入零售业。国有企
30、业为了降低成本和赢利被迫大批裁减职工。许多下岗职工进入零售业，不少人经营小卖铺、便利店、服装店、酒吧、餐馆，甚至美容店和干洗店。国外投资商也大举进入零售市场。自 1992 年以来，他们在中国的投资已超过 30 亿美元。以家乐福和沃尔玛为首，约 300 家外资零售商获准在中国设立 2200 家连锁店。随着中国的入世，这一发展速度肯定还要加快。虽然外商在零售总额中只占 2%4%，但他们对市场却产生了深远的影响。外商的存在促使国内零售企业在竞争中不断扩大规模，增强对顾客的吸引力。新来者为市场带来了大量的商品，原来仅为精英人士和外国富人准备的外国名牌商品，现在也瞄准了中国本地的消费者。)解析：综合解析
31、本文主要讨论中国零售业发展的情况。文章将中国市场经济改革前的情况和改革后的情况作了比较，说明中国零售业的迅速发展。文章认为国外投资商大举进入中国零售市场和中国加入世贸组织会对中国零售市场产生深远影响。文章使用了大量的数字统计，以使观点更具有说服力。本文要求考查应试者对中国零售业方面基本知识的掌握情况，包括某些专门用语、具有中国特色的表达、数字单位的换算、专有名词等的掌握情况，以确定其翻译的基本素质；在此基础上，应试者还要在相当短的时间内对长难句理解并准确完整地翻译；对某些短语和单词确切理解其含义并能理解其在上下文语境中的确切用法，使全文的翻译不仅准确完整，而且符合本族语的语言习惯。基本素质采分
32、点以下单词或短语是本文的基础知识点，包括具有中国特色的表达法、专有名词、经济术语、数字单位的换算等，需要应试者正确理解并翻译。1market-oriented reform 市场经济改革2state-owned 国有的3ration coupon 配额票据(这里指中国经济改革前实行凭票供应的各种票据)4US $450 billion 4500 亿美元5value added tax 增值税6lay off 下岗7Carrefour 家乐福(国外著名大超市连锁店名)8Wal-Mart 沃尔玛(国外著名大超市连锁店名)9WTO 世界贸易组织结构理解采分点以下各句是本文出现的长难句，需要应试者在很短
33、时间内，判断其结构、大意并组织翻译语言，且保证信息的完整和准确。这要求在听时，应试者要注意长句的基本结构，而后补充次要结构的内容。但组织语言时，因原句信息过于庞杂，这就要求应试者不仅能用符合本族语言习惯的方式表述信息，而且要保证信息在表述过程中不会缺失或误译。1Chinas economy, once reliant on state spending in heavy industry, has increasingly looked to the retail sector for growth该句是简单句，其主要结构是 Chinas economy.has looked to the r
34、etail sector for growth，而once 后面的 reliant on 形容词短语是对 Chinas economy 的修饰和补充。翻译时，可按照汉语句短的特点，将全句拆成两个句子，又因是口译，可按原句的天然顺序组合信息。因此，原句可译为“中国经济一度靠国家投资重工业来维持增长，而目前零售业已日趋成为经济的增长点。”2With a value added tax of 17% applied to all goods, the retail trade is a major contributor to state revenue该句是简单句，其主要结构是 the retai
35、l trade is a major contributor.，该句前 with 表伴随状态的结构中还有 applied 过去分词短语修饰 a value added tax，翻译时要将这个过去分词短语译为前置定语。该句主要结构中 contributor to 是动词词组 contribute to(对作出贡献)的变化形式，在口译时可根据上下文情景灵活翻译，因此，原句可译为“加上所有商品 17%的增值税，零售业已成为国家财政收入的主要来源之一。”3That has driven many of those workers into the retail sector, with a high
36、percentage operating privately-run comer shops, convenience stores, clothing shops, bars and restaurants, and even beauty parlors and dry cleaners该句虽然很长，但是简单句，主要结构是 with 短语之前的部分，with 短语部分是现在分词独立主格结构做全句的状语，该部分信息量大，以并列结构形式出现，口译时，需要注意不要漏译。由于 with 短语部分内容庞杂，可将其加主语，译为一句话，因此，原句可译为“许多下岗职工进入零售业，不少人经营小卖铺、便利店、
37、服装店、酒吧、餐馆，甚至美容店和干洗店。”4Headed by the likes of Carrefour and Wal-Mart, some 300 foreign-funded retailers with 2,200 chain stores have been approved and the pace is certain to accelerate following Chinas entry into the WTO该句是 and 连接的并列句，包含信息量大。全句主要结构是 some.retailers. have been approved and the pace is
38、certain to accelerate.。该句句首 headed by 过去分词短语和句尾 following 现在分词短语均为句中状语成分，以使该句的信息量丰满。全句可按照自然语法单位和自然顺序，拆成三个分句，因此，原句可译为“以家乐福和沃尔玛为首，约 300 家外资零售商获准在中国设立 2200 家连锁店。随着中国的入世，这一发展速度肯定还要加快。”5While foreign-invested stores still account for only 2-4%of all retail sales, their impact has been profound该句是复合句，whil
39、e 表“虽然”引导让步状语从句。该句的翻译要点是正确理解 while 的含义。因此，原句可译为“虽然外商在零售总额中只占 2%4%，但他们对市场却产生了深远的影响。”言语表达采分点在注意了整体表达的基础上，应试者还应该正确处理对某些重要短语或单词的理解和翻译，以使译文完整通畅。1take hold 主管2incentive 刺激，动力3in excess of 超过4state revenue 国家财政收入5embrace 拥抱；采取；包含(该词必须在上下文情景中翻译)6trim cost 降低成本7in force 大量地，大批地8account for 占9an array of 一系列的
40、10elite 精英人士2.Passage 2下面你将听到外国媒体有关中国能源形势的一段讲话。Tight electricity supply is constraining Chinas economic growth a situation likely to persist for three to four years until new capacity comes online. The energy shortfall has not yet severely hampered U.S. business operations in China, but this remains
41、 a distinct possibility. Shortages have now spread to two-thirds of Chinas provinces, affecting Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other first-tier cities. Plants in Chinas manufacturing heartland, the Pearl River Basin and East China now experience frequent mandatory shutdowns.Zhejiang and Jiangsu P
42、rovinces have imposed electricity rationing. Many plants have in- Stalled costly back-up diesel generators. Shanghais demand for electricity outstrips supply by two to four million kilowatts. The tight supply is causing price increases at the front end of the manufacturing supply chain. High energy
43、costs are a competitive disadvantage for China in the world marketplace. Quality, quantity, and security of supply also are essential for Chinas continued economic growth. Present restrictions on the direct sale of electricity, oil, and gas to industrial users promote inefficiency and non-competitiv
44、eness. Much of the current concern with the “overheating“ of Chinas economy has been driven by the fear that the energy supply is not keeping up with the development of major energy-consuming industries.Chinas rapid economic growth, especially in the construction and manufacturing sectors, is behind
45、 the electricity shortage. Chinas energy industry has doubled in absolute terms during the last ten years, but such growth has been insufficient to meet demand. It takes five to seven years to design, construct, and commission a major thermal power plant, seven to ten years to explore and develop an
46、 oilfield, and five years to develop a coalmine. All require extremely large capital investment.Despite the fact that China has the worlds second largest coal reserves and worldwide coal and coke prices are at eight-year highs, supply has not been able to keep up with demand. Efforts to raise electr
47、icity production in the near term have been hampered by deficient railroad capacity, which has prevented coal from reaching power stations. While coal price cycles usually do not coincide with oil prices, current high prices in both commodities have supply straining to meet demand. While China only imported 0.6 percent of world oil supplies in 1995, it now imports 3 percent of the worlds oil. China, like the United States, is becoming increasingly vulnerable to disruptions in the worlds supply of oil. （分数：25.00）_正确答案：(参考译文供电紧张正在制约中国的经济增长，这种情况有可能还要持续三四年，直至
